import enum import sys import unittest from enum import Enum, IntEnum, unique, EnumMeta from pickle import dumps, loads, PicklingError, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL pyver = float('%s.%s' % sys.version_info[:2]) try: any except NameError: def any(iterable): for element in iterable: if element: return True return False try: unicode except NameError: unicode = str try: from collections import OrderedDict except ImportError: OrderedDict = None # for pickle tests try: class Stooges(Enum): LARRY = 1 CURLY = 2 MOE = 3 except Exception: Stooges = sys.exc_info()[1] try: class IntStooges(int, Enum): LARRY = 1 CURLY = 2 MOE = 3 except Exception: IntStooges = sys.exc_info()[1] try: class FloatStooges(float, Enum): LARRY = 1.39 CURLY = 2.72 MOE = 3.142596 except Exception: FloatStooges = sys.exc_info()[1] # for pickle test and subclass tests try: class StrEnum(str, Enum): 'accepts only string values' class Name(StrEnum): BDFL = 'Guido van Rossum' FLUFL = 'Barry Warsaw' except Exception: Name = sys.exc_info()[1] try: Question = Enum('Question', 'who what when where why', module=__name__) except Exception: Question = sys.exc_info()[1] try: Answer = Enum('Answer', 'him this then there because') except Exception: Answer = sys.exc_info()[1] try: Theory = Enum('Theory', 'rule law supposition', qualname='spanish_inquisition') except Exception: Theory = sys.exc_info()[1] # for doctests try: class Fruit(Enum): tomato = 1 banana = 2 cherry = 3 except Exception: pass def test_pickle_dump_load(assertion, source, target=None, protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)): start, stop = protocol failures = [] for protocol in range(start, stop+1): try: if target is None: assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)) is source) else: assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)), target) except Exception: exc, tb = sys.exc_info()[1:] failures.append('%2d: %s' %(protocol, exc)) if failures: raise ValueError('Failed with protocols: %s' % ', '.join(failures)) def test_pickle_exception(assertion, exception, obj, protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)): start, stop = protocol failures = [] for protocol in range(start, stop+1): try: assertion(exception, dumps, obj, protocol=protocol) except Exception: exc = sys.exc_info()[1] failures.append('%d: %s %s' % (protocol, exc.__class__.__name__, exc)) if failures: raise ValueError('Failed with protocols: %s' % ', '.join(failures)) class TestHelpers(unittest.TestCase): # _is_descriptor, _is_sunder, _is_dunder def test_is_descriptor(self): class foo: pass for attr in ('__get__','__set__','__delete__'): obj = foo() self.assertFalse(enum._is_descriptor(obj)) setattr(obj, attr, 1) self.assertTrue(enum._is_descriptor(obj)) def test_is_sunder(self): for s in ('_a_', '_aa_'): self.assertTrue(enum._is_sunder(s)) for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '__a__', '_a__', '__a_', '_', '__', '___', '____', '_____',): self.assertFalse(enum._is_sunder(s)) def test_is_dunder(self): for s in ('__a__', '__aa__'): self.assertTrue(enum._is_dunder(s)) for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '_a_', '_a__', '__a_', '_', '__', '___', '____', '_____',): self.assertFalse(enum._is_dunder(s)) class TestEnum(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): class Season(Enum): SPRING = 1 SUMMER = 2 AUTUMN = 3 WINTER = 4 self.Season = Season class Konstants(float, Enum): E = 2.7182818 PI = 3.1415926 TAU = 2 * PI self.Konstants = Konstants class Grades(IntEnum): A = 5 B = 4 C = 3 D = 2 F = 0 self.Grades = Grades class Directional(str, Enum): EAST = 'east' WEST = 'west' NORTH = 'north' SOUTH = 'south' self.Directional = Directional from datetime import date class Holiday(date, Enum): NEW_YEAR = 2013, 1, 1 IDES_OF_MARCH = 2013, 3, 15 self.Holiday = Holiday if pyver >= 2.6: # cannot specify custom `dir` on previous versions def test_dir_on_class(self): Season = self.Season self.assertEqual( set(dir(Season)), set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__', 'SPRING', 'SUMMER', 'AUTUMN', 'WINTER']), ) def test_dir_on_item(self): Season = self.Season self.assertEqual( set(dir(Season.WINTER)), set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'value']), ) def test_dir_on_sub_with_behavior_on_super(self): # see issue22506 class SuperEnum(Enum): def invisible(self): return "did you see me?" class SubEnum(SuperEnum): sample = 5 self.assertEqual( set(dir(SubEnum.sample)), set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'value', 'invisible']), ) if pyver >= 2.7: # OrderedDict first available here def test_members_is_ordereddict_if_ordered(self): class Ordered(Enum): __order__ = 'first second third' first = 'bippity' second = 'boppity' third = 'boo' self.assertTrue(type(Ordered.__members__) is OrderedDict) def test_members_is_ordereddict_if_not_ordered(self): class Unordered(Enum): this = 'that' these = 'those' self.assertTrue(type(Unordered.__members__) is OrderedDict) if pyver >= 3.0: # all objects are ordered in Python 2.x def test_members_is_always_ordered(self): class AlwaysOrdered(Enum): first = 1 second = 2 third = 3 self.assertTrue(type(AlwaysOrdered.__members__) is OrderedDict) def test_comparisons(self): def bad_compare(): Season.SPRING > 4 Season = self.Season self.assertNotEqual(Season.SPRING, 1) self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_compare) class Part(Enum): SPRING = 1 CLIP = 2 BARREL = 3 self.assertNotEqual(Season.SPRING, Part.SPRING) def bad_compare(): Season.SPRING < Part.CLIP self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_compare) def test_enum_in_enum_out(self): Season = self.Season self.assertTrue(Season(Season.WINTER) is Season.WINTER) def test_enum_value(self): Season = self.Season self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1) def test_intenum_value(self): self.assertEqual(IntStooges.CURLY.value, 2) def test_enum(self): Season = self.Season lst = list(Season) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Season)) self.assertEqual(len(Season), 4, Season) self.assertEqual( [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER], lst) for i, season in enumerate('SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER'.split()): i += 1 e = Season(i) self.assertEqual(e, getattr(Season, season)) self.assertEqual(e.value, i) self.assertNotEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, season) self.assertTrue(e in Season) self.assertTrue(type(e) is Season) self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, Season)) self.assertEqual(str(e), 'Season.' + season) self.assertEqual( repr(e), '' % (season, i), ) def test_value_name(self): Season = self.Season self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.name, 'SPRING') self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1) def set_name(obj, new_value): obj.name = new_value def set_value(obj, new_value): obj.value = new_value self.assertRaises(AttributeError, set_name, Season.SPRING, 'invierno', ) self.assertRaises(AttributeError, set_value, Season.SPRING, 2) def test_attribute_deletion(self): class Season(Enum): SPRING = 1 SUMMER = 2 AUTUMN = 3 WINTER = 4 def spam(cls): pass self.assertTrue(hasattr(Season, 'spam')) del Season.spam self.assertFalse(hasattr(Season, 'spam')) self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season, 'SPRING') self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season, 'DRY') self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season.SPRING, 'name') def test_invalid_names(self): def create_bad_class_1(): class Wrong(Enum): mro = 9 def create_bad_class_2(): class Wrong(Enum): _reserved_ = 3 self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_bad_class_1) self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_bad_class_2) def test_contains(self): Season = self.Season self.assertTrue(Season.AUTUMN in Season) self.assertTrue(3 not in Season) val = Season(3) self.assertTrue(val in Season) class OtherEnum(Enum): one = 1; two = 2 self.assertTrue(OtherEnum.two not in Season) if pyver >= 2.6: # when `format` came into being def test_format_enum(self): Season = self.Season self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(Season.SPRING), '{0}'.format(str(Season.SPRING))) self.assertEqual( '{0:}'.format(Season.SPRING), '{0:}'.format(str(Season.SPRING))) self.assertEqual('{0:20}'.format(Season.SPRING), '{0:20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING))) self.assertEqual('{0:^20}'.format(Season.SPRING), '{0:^20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING))) self.assertEqual('{0:>20}'.format(Season.SPRING), '{0:>20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING))) self.assertEqual('{0:<20}'.format(Season.SPRING), '{0:<20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING))) def test_format_enum_custom(self): class TestFloat(float, Enum): one = 1.0 two = 2.0 def __format__(self, spec): return 'TestFloat success!' self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(TestFloat.one), 'TestFloat success!') def assertFormatIsValue(self, spec, member): self.assertEqual(spec.format(member), spec.format(member.value)) def test_format_enum_date(self): Holiday = self.Holiday self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:%Y %m}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:%Y %m %M:00}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) def test_format_enum_float(self): Konstants = self.Konstants self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Konstants.TAU) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Konstants.TAU) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Konstants.TAU) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Konstants.TAU) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Konstants.TAU) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Konstants.TAU) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:n}', Konstants.TAU) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:5.2}', Konstants.TAU) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:f}', Konstants.TAU) def test_format_enum_int(self): Grades = self.Grades self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Grades.C) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Grades.C) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Grades.C) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Grades.C) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Grades.C) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Grades.C) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:+}', Grades.C) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:08X}', Grades.C) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:b}', Grades.C) def test_format_enum_str(self): Directional = self.Directional self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Directional.WEST) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Directional.WEST) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Directional.WEST) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Directional.WEST) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Directional.WEST) self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Directional.WEST) def test_hash(self): Season = self.Season dates = {} dates[Season.WINTER] = '1225' dates[Season.SPRING] = '0315' dates[Season.SUMMER] = '0704' dates[Season.AUTUMN] = '1031' self.assertEqual(dates[Season.AUTUMN], '1031') def test_enum_duplicates(self): __order__ = "SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER" class Season(Enum): SPRING = 1 SUMMER = 2 AUTUMN = FALL = 3 WINTER = 4 ANOTHER_SPRING = 1 lst = list(Season) self.assertEqual( lst, [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER, ]) self.assertTrue(Season.FALL is Season.AUTUMN) self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.value, 3) self.assertEqual(Season.AUTUMN.value, 3) self.assertTrue(Season(3) is Season.AUTUMN) self.assertTrue(Season(1) is Season.SPRING) self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.name, 'AUTUMN') self.assertEqual( set([k for k,v in Season.__members__.items() if v.name != k]), set(['FALL', 'ANOTHER_SPRING']), ) if pyver >= 3.0: cls = vars() result = {'Enum':Enum} exec("""def test_duplicate_name(self): with self.assertRaises(TypeError): class Color(Enum): red = 1 green = 2 blue = 3 red = 4 with self.assertRaises(TypeError): class Color(Enum): red = 1 green = 2 blue = 3 def red(self): return 'red' with self.assertRaises(TypeError): class Color(Enum): @property def red(self): return 'redder' red = 1 green = 2 blue = 3""", result) cls['test_duplicate_name'] = result['test_duplicate_name'] def test_enum_with_value_name(self): class Huh(Enum): name = 1 value = 2 self.assertEqual( list(Huh), [Huh.name, Huh.value], ) self.assertTrue(type(Huh.name) is Huh) self.assertEqual(Huh.name.name, 'name') self.assertEqual(Huh.name.value, 1) def test_intenum_from_scratch(self): class phy(int, Enum): pi = 3 tau = 2 * pi self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau) def test_intenum_inherited(self): class IntEnum(int, Enum): pass class phy(IntEnum): pi = 3 tau = 2 * pi self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau) def test_floatenum_from_scratch(self): class phy(float, Enum): pi = 3.1415926 tau = 2 * pi self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau) def test_floatenum_inherited(self): class FloatEnum(float, Enum): pass class phy(FloatEnum): pi = 3.1415926 tau = 2 * pi self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau) def test_strenum_from_scratch(self): class phy(str, Enum): pi = 'Pi' tau = 'Tau' self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau) def test_strenum_inherited(self): class StrEnum(str, Enum): pass class phy(StrEnum): pi = 'Pi' tau = 'Tau' self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau) def test_intenum(self): class WeekDay(IntEnum): SUNDAY = 1 MONDAY = 2 TUESDAY = 3 WEDNESDAY = 4 THURSDAY = 5 FRIDAY = 6 SATURDAY = 7 self.assertEqual(['a', 'b', 'c'][WeekDay.MONDAY], 'c') self.assertEqual([i for i in range(WeekDay.TUESDAY)], [0, 1, 2]) lst = list(WeekDay) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(WeekDay)) self.assertEqual(len(WeekDay), 7) target = 'SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY' target = target.split() for i, weekday in enumerate(target): i += 1 e = WeekDay(i) self.assertEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(int(e), i) self.assertEqual(e.name, weekday) self.assertTrue(e in WeekDay) self.assertEqual(lst.index(e)+1, i) self.assertTrue(0 < e < 8) self.assertTrue(type(e) is WeekDay) self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, int)) self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, Enum)) def test_intenum_duplicates(self): class WeekDay(IntEnum): __order__ = 'SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY' SUNDAY = 1 MONDAY = 2 TUESDAY = TEUSDAY = 3 WEDNESDAY = 4 THURSDAY = 5 FRIDAY = 6 SATURDAY = 7 self.assertTrue(WeekDay.TEUSDAY is WeekDay.TUESDAY) self.assertEqual(WeekDay(3).name, 'TUESDAY') self.assertEqual([k for k,v in WeekDay.__members__.items() if v.name != k], ['TEUSDAY', ]) def test_pickle_enum(self): if isinstance(Stooges, Exception): raise Stooges test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Stooges.CURLY) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Stooges) def test_pickle_int(self): if isinstance(IntStooges, Exception): raise IntStooges test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, IntStooges.CURLY) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, IntStooges) def test_pickle_float(self): if isinstance(FloatStooges, Exception): raise FloatStooges test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, FloatStooges.CURLY) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, FloatStooges) def test_pickle_enum_function(self): if isinstance(Answer, Exception): raise Answer test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Answer.him) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Answer) def test_pickle_enum_function_with_module(self): if isinstance(Question, Exception): raise Question test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Question.who) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Question) if pyver >= 3.4: def test_class_nested_enum_and_pickle_protocol_four(self): # would normally just have this directly in the class namespace class NestedEnum(Enum): twigs = 'common' shiny = 'rare' self.__class__.NestedEnum = NestedEnum self.NestedEnum.__qualname__ = '%s.NestedEnum' % self.__class__.__name__ test_pickle_exception( self.assertRaises, PicklingError, self.NestedEnum.twigs, protocol=(0, 3)) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, self.NestedEnum.twigs, protocol=(4, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)) def test_exploding_pickle(self): BadPickle = Enum('BadPickle', 'dill sweet bread-n-butter') enum._make_class_unpicklable(BadPickle) globals()['BadPickle'] = BadPickle test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, BadPickle.dill) test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, BadPickle) def test_string_enum(self): class SkillLevel(str, Enum): master = 'what is the sound of one hand clapping?' journeyman = 'why did the chicken cross the road?' apprentice = 'knock, knock!' self.assertEqual(SkillLevel.apprentice, 'knock, knock!') def test_getattr_getitem(self): class Period(Enum): morning = 1 noon = 2 evening = 3 night = 4 self.assertTrue(Period(2) is Period.noon) self.assertTrue(getattr(Period, 'night') is Period.night) self.assertTrue(Period['morning'] is Period.morning) def test_getattr_dunder(self): Season = self.Season self.assertTrue(getattr(Season, '__hash__')) def test_iteration_order(self): class Season(Enum): __order__ = 'SUMMER WINTER AUTUMN SPRING' SUMMER = 2 WINTER = 4 AUTUMN = 3 SPRING = 1 self.assertEqual( list(Season), [Season.SUMMER, Season.WINTER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.SPRING], ) def test_iteration_order_with_unorderable_values(self): class Complex(Enum): a = complex(7, 9) b = complex(3.14, 2) c = complex(1, -1) d = complex(-77, 32) self.assertEqual( list(Complex), [Complex.a, Complex.b, Complex.c, Complex.d], ) def test_programatic_function_string(self): SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august') lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) self.assertNotEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_programatic_function_string_list(self): SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', ['june', 'july', 'august']) lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) self.assertNotEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_programatic_function_iterable(self): SummerMonth = Enum( 'SummerMonth', (('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3)) ) lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) self.assertNotEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self): SummerMonth = Enum( 'SummerMonth', dict((('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3))) ) lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) if pyver < 3.0: self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) self.assertNotEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_programatic_function_type(self): SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', type=int) lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_programatic_function_type_from_subclass(self): SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', 'june july august') lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_programatic_function_unicode(self): SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august')) lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) self.assertNotEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_programatic_function_unicode_list(self): SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', [unicode('june'), unicode('july'), unicode('august')]) lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) self.assertNotEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_programatic_function_unicode_iterable(self): SummerMonth = Enum( 'SummerMonth', ((unicode('june'), 1), (unicode('july'), 2), (unicode('august'), 3)) ) lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) self.assertNotEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_programatic_function_from_unicode_dict(self): SummerMonth = Enum( 'SummerMonth', dict(((unicode('june'), 1), (unicode('july'), 2), (unicode('august'), 3))) ) lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) if pyver < 3.0: self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) self.assertNotEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_programatic_function_unicode_type(self): SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august'), type=int) lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_programatic_function_unicode_type_from_subclass(self): SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august')) lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(e, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_programmatic_function_unicode_class(self): if pyver < 3.0: class_names = unicode('SummerMonth'), 'S\xfcmm\xe9rM\xf6nth'.decode('latin1') else: class_names = 'SummerMonth', 'S\xfcmm\xe9rM\xf6nth' for i, class_name in enumerate(class_names): if pyver < 3.0 and i == 1: self.assertRaises(TypeError, Enum, class_name, unicode('june july august')) else: SummerMonth = Enum(class_name, unicode('june july august')) lst = list(SummerMonth) self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) self.assertEqual( [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], lst, ) for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): i += 1 e = SummerMonth(i) self.assertEqual(e.value, i) self.assertEqual(e.name, month) self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) def test_subclassing(self): if isinstance(Name, Exception): raise Name self.assertEqual(Name.BDFL, 'Guido van Rossum') self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL, Name('Guido van Rossum')) self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL is getattr(Name, 'BDFL')) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Name.BDFL) def test_extending(self): def bad_extension(): class Color(Enum): red = 1 green = 2 blue = 3 class MoreColor(Color): cyan = 4 magenta = 5 yellow = 6 self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_extension) def test_exclude_methods(self): class whatever(Enum): this = 'that' these = 'those' def really(self): return 'no, not %s' % self.value self.assertFalse(type(whatever.really) is whatever) self.assertEqual(whatever.this.really(), 'no, not that') def test_wrong_inheritance_order(self): def wrong_inherit(): class Wrong(Enum, str): NotHere = 'error before this point' self.assertRaises(TypeError, wrong_inherit) def test_intenum_transitivity(self): class number(IntEnum): one = 1 two = 2 three = 3 class numero(IntEnum): uno = 1 dos = 2 tres = 3 self.assertEqual(number.one, numero.uno) self.assertEqual(number.two, numero.dos) self.assertEqual(number.three, numero.tres) def test_introspection(self): class Number(IntEnum): one = 100 two = 200 self.assertTrue(Number.one._member_type_ is int) self.assertTrue(Number._member_type_ is int) class String(str, Enum): yarn = 'soft' rope = 'rough' wire = 'hard' self.assertTrue(String.yarn._member_type_ is str) self.assertTrue(String._member_type_ is str) class Plain(Enum): vanilla = 'white' one = 1 self.assertTrue(Plain.vanilla._member_type_ is object) self.assertTrue(Plain._member_type_ is object) def test_wrong_enum_in_call(self): class Monochrome(Enum): black = 0 white = 1 class Gender(Enum): male = 0 female = 1 self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male) def test_wrong_enum_in_mixed_call(self): class Monochrome(IntEnum): black = 0 white = 1 class Gender(Enum): male = 0 female = 1 self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male) def test_mixed_enum_in_call_1(self): class Monochrome(IntEnum): black = 0 white = 1 class Gender(IntEnum): male = 0 female = 1 self.assertTrue(Monochrome(Gender.female) is Monochrome.white) def test_mixed_enum_in_call_2(self): class Monochrome(Enum): black = 0 white = 1 class Gender(IntEnum): male = 0 female = 1 self.assertTrue(Monochrome(Gender.male) is Monochrome.black) def test_flufl_enum(self): class Fluflnum(Enum): def __int__(self): return int(self.value) class MailManOptions(Fluflnum): option1 = 1 option2 = 2 option3 = 3 self.assertEqual(int(MailManOptions.option1), 1) def test_no_such_enum_member(self): class Color(Enum): red = 1 green = 2 blue = 3 self.assertRaises(ValueError, Color, 4) self.assertRaises(KeyError, Color.__getitem__, 'chartreuse') def test_new_repr(self): class Color(Enum): red = 1 green = 2 blue = 3 def __repr__(self): return "don't you just love shades of %s?" % self.name self.assertEqual( repr(Color.blue), "don't you just love shades of blue?", ) def test_inherited_repr(self): class MyEnum(Enum): def __repr__(self): return "My name is %s." % self.name class MyIntEnum(int, MyEnum): this = 1 that = 2 theother = 3 self.assertEqual(repr(MyIntEnum.that), "My name is that.") def test_multiple_mixin_mro(self): class auto_enum(EnumMeta): def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict): original_dict = classdict classdict = enum._EnumDict() for k, v in original_dict.items(): classdict[k] = v temp = type(classdict)() names = set(classdict._member_names) i = 0 for k in classdict._member_names: v = classdict[k] if v == (): v = i else: i = v i += 1 temp[k] = v for k, v in classdict.items(): if k not in names: temp[k] = v return super(auto_enum, metacls).__new__( metacls, cls, bases, temp) AutoNumberedEnum = auto_enum('AutoNumberedEnum', (Enum,), {}) AutoIntEnum = auto_enum('AutoIntEnum', (IntEnum,), {}) class TestAutoNumber(AutoNumberedEnum): a = () b = 3 c = () class TestAutoInt(AutoIntEnum): a = () b = 3 c = () def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs(self): class NamedInt(int): __qualname__ = 'NamedInt' # needed for pickle protocol 4 def __new__(cls, *args): _args = args if len(args) < 1: raise TypeError("name and value must be specified") name, args = args[0], args[1:] self = int.__new__(cls, *args) self._intname = name self._args = _args return self def __getnewargs__(self): return self._args @property def __name__(self): return self._intname def __repr__(self): # repr() is updated to include the name and type info return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__, self.__name__, int.__repr__(self)) def __str__(self): # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback base = int base_str = base.__str__ if base_str.__objclass__ is object: return base.__repr__(self) return base_str(self) # for simplicity, we only define one operator that # propagates expressions def __add__(self, other): temp = int(self) + int( other) if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt): return NamedInt( '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__), temp ) else: return temp class NEI(NamedInt, Enum): __qualname__ = 'NEI' # needed for pickle protocol 4 x = ('the-x', 1) y = ('the-y', 2) self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__) self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)") globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt globals()['NEI'] = NEI NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5) self.assertEqual(NI5, 5) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NI5, 5) self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y) if pyver >= 3.4: def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs_ex(self): class NamedInt(int): __qualname__ = 'NamedInt' # needed for pickle protocol 4 def __new__(cls, *args): _args = args if len(args) < 2: raise TypeError("name and value must be specified") name, args = args[0], args[1:] self = int.__new__(cls, *args) self._intname = name self._args = _args return self def __getnewargs_ex__(self): return self._args, {} @property def __name__(self): return self._intname def __repr__(self): # repr() is updated to include the name and type info return "{}({!r}, {})".format(type(self).__name__, self.__name__, int.__repr__(self)) def __str__(self): # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback base = int base_str = base.__str__ if base_str.__objclass__ is object: return base.__repr__(self) return base_str(self) # for simplicity, we only define one operator that # propagates expressions def __add__(self, other): temp = int(self) + int( other) if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt): return NamedInt( '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__), temp ) else: return temp class NEI(NamedInt, Enum): __qualname__ = 'NEI' # needed for pickle protocol 4 x = ('the-x', 1) y = ('the-y', 2) self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__) self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)") globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt globals()['NEI'] = NEI NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5) self.assertEqual(NI5, 5) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5, protocol=(4, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)) self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y, protocol=(4, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)) def test_subclasses_with_reduce(self): class NamedInt(int): __qualname__ = 'NamedInt' # needed for pickle protocol 4 def __new__(cls, *args): _args = args if len(args) < 1: raise TypeError("name and value must be specified") name, args = args[0], args[1:] self = int.__new__(cls, *args) self._intname = name self._args = _args return self def __reduce__(self): return self.__class__, self._args @property def __name__(self): return self._intname def __repr__(self): # repr() is updated to include the name and type info return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__, self.__name__, int.__repr__(self)) def __str__(self): # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback base = int base_str = base.__str__ if base_str.__objclass__ is object: return base.__repr__(self) return base_str(self) # for simplicity, we only define one operator that # propagates expressions def __add__(self, other): temp = int(self) + int( other) if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt): return NamedInt( '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__), temp ) else: return temp class NEI(NamedInt, Enum): __qualname__ = 'NEI' # needed for pickle protocol 4 x = ('the-x', 1) y = ('the-y', 2) self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__) self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)") globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt globals()['NEI'] = NEI NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5) self.assertEqual(NI5, 5) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5) self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y) def test_subclasses_with_reduce_ex(self): class NamedInt(int): __qualname__ = 'NamedInt' # needed for pickle protocol 4 def __new__(cls, *args): _args = args if len(args) < 1: raise TypeError("name and value must be specified") name, args = args[0], args[1:] self = int.__new__(cls, *args) self._intname = name self._args = _args return self def __reduce_ex__(self, proto): return self.__class__, self._args @property def __name__(self): return self._intname def __repr__(self): # repr() is updated to include the name and type info return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__, self.__name__, int.__repr__(self)) def __str__(self): # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback base = int base_str = base.__str__ if base_str.__objclass__ is object: return base.__repr__(self) return base_str(self) # for simplicity, we only define one operator that # propagates expressions def __add__(self, other): temp = int(self) + int( other) if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt): return NamedInt( '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__), temp ) else: return temp class NEI(NamedInt, Enum): __qualname__ = 'NEI' # needed for pickle protocol 4 x = ('the-x', 1) y = ('the-y', 2) self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__) self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)") globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt globals()['NEI'] = NEI NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5) self.assertEqual(NI5, 5) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5) self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y) def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support(self): class NamedInt(int): __qualname__ = 'NamedInt' def __new__(cls, *args): _args = args name, args = args[0], args[1:] if len(args) == 0: raise TypeError("name and value must be specified") self = int.__new__(cls, *args) self._intname = name self._args = _args return self @property def __name__(self): return self._intname def __repr__(self): # repr() is updated to include the name and type info return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__, self.__name__, int.__repr__(self)) def __str__(self): # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback base = int base_str = base.__str__ if base_str.__objclass__ is object: return base.__repr__(self) return base_str(self) # for simplicity, we only define one operator that # propagates expressions def __add__(self, other): temp = int(self) + int( other) if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt): return NamedInt( '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__), temp ) else: return temp class NEI(NamedInt, Enum): __qualname__ = 'NEI' x = ('the-x', 1) y = ('the-y', 2) self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__) self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)") globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt globals()['NEI'] = NEI NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5) self.assertEqual(NI5, 5) self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2) test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, NEI.x) test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, NEI) def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support_using_name(self): class NamedInt(int): __qualname__ = 'NamedInt' def __new__(cls, *args): _args = args name, args = args[0], args[1:] if len(args) == 0: raise TypeError("name and value must be specified") self = int.__new__(cls, *args) self._intname = name self._args = _args return self @property def __name__(self): return self._intname def __repr__(self): # repr() is updated to include the name and type info return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__, self.__name__, int.__repr__(self)) def __str__(self): # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback base = int base_str = base.__str__ if base_str.__objclass__ is object: return base.__repr__(self) return base_str(self) # for simplicity, we only define one operator that # propagates expressions def __add__(self, other): temp = int(self) + int( other) if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt): return NamedInt( '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__), temp ) else: return temp class NEI(NamedInt, Enum): __qualname__ = 'NEI' x = ('the-x', 1) y = ('the-y', 2) def __reduce_ex__(self, proto): return getattr, (self.__class__, self._name_) self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__) self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)") globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt globals()['NEI'] = NEI NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5) self.assertEqual(NI5, 5) self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y) test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI) def test_tuple_subclass(self): class SomeTuple(tuple, Enum): __qualname__ = 'SomeTuple' first = (1, 'for the money') second = (2, 'for the show') third = (3, 'for the music') self.assertTrue(type(SomeTuple.first) is SomeTuple) self.assertTrue(isinstance(SomeTuple.second, tuple)) self.assertEqual(SomeTuple.third, (3, 'for the music')) globals()['SomeTuple'] = SomeTuple test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, SomeTuple.first) def test_duplicate_values_give_unique_enum_items(self): class AutoNumber(Enum): __order__ = 'enum_m enum_d enum_y' enum_m = () enum_d = () enum_y = () def __new__(cls): value = len(cls.__members__) + 1 obj = object.__new__(cls) obj._value_ = value return obj def __int__(self): return int(self._value_) self.assertEqual(int(AutoNumber.enum_d), 2) self.assertEqual(AutoNumber.enum_y.value, 3) self.assertTrue(AutoNumber(1) is AutoNumber.enum_m) self.assertEqual( list(AutoNumber), [AutoNumber.enum_m, AutoNumber.enum_d, AutoNumber.enum_y], ) def test_inherited_new_from_enhanced_enum(self): class AutoNumber2(Enum): def __new__(cls): value = len(cls.__members__) + 1 obj = object.__new__(cls) obj._value_ = value return obj def __int__(self): return int(self._value_) class Color(AutoNumber2): __order__ = 'red green blue' red = () green = () blue = () self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3, "wrong number of elements: %d (should be %d)" % (len(Color), 3)) self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue]) if pyver >= 3.0: self.assertEqual(list(map(int, Color)), [1, 2, 3]) def test_inherited_new_from_mixed_enum(self): class AutoNumber3(IntEnum): def __new__(cls): value = len(cls.__members__) + 1 obj = int.__new__(cls, value) obj._value_ = value return obj class Color(AutoNumber3): red = () green = () blue = () self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3, "wrong number of elements: %d (should be %d)" % (len(Color), 3)) Color.red Color.green Color.blue def test_ordered_mixin(self): class OrderedEnum(Enum): def __ge__(self, other): if self.__class__ is other.__class__: return self._value_ >= other._value_ return NotImplemented def __gt__(self, other): if self.__class__ is other.__class__: return self._value_ > other._value_ return NotImplemented def __le__(self, other): if self.__class__ is other.__class__: return self._value_ <= other._value_ return NotImplemented def __lt__(self, other): if self.__class__ is other.__class__: return self._value_ < other._value_ return NotImplemented class Grade(OrderedEnum): __order__ = 'A B C D F' A = 5 B = 4 C = 3 D = 2 F = 1 self.assertEqual(list(Grade), [Grade.A, Grade.B, Grade.C, Grade.D, Grade.F]) self.assertTrue(Grade.A > Grade.B) self.assertTrue(Grade.F <= Grade.C) self.assertTrue(Grade.D < Grade.A) self.assertTrue(Grade.B >= Grade.B) def test_extending2(self): def bad_extension(): class Shade(Enum): def shade(self): print(self.name) class Color(Shade): red = 1 green = 2 blue = 3 class MoreColor(Color): cyan = 4 magenta = 5 yellow = 6 self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_extension) def test_extending3(self): class Shade(Enum): def shade(self): return self.name class Color(Shade): def hex(self): return '%s hexlified!' % self.value class MoreColor(Color): cyan = 4 magenta = 5 yellow = 6 self.assertEqual(MoreColor.magenta.hex(), '5 hexlified!') def test_no_duplicates(self): def bad_duplicates(): class UniqueEnum(Enum): def __init__(self, *args): cls = self.__class__ if any(self.value == e.value for e in cls): a = self.name e = cls(self.value).name raise ValueError( "aliases not allowed in UniqueEnum: %r --> %r" % (a, e) ) class Color(UniqueEnum): red = 1 green = 2 blue = 3 class Color(UniqueEnum): red = 1 green = 2 blue = 3 grene = 2 self.assertRaises(ValueError, bad_duplicates) def test_reversed(self): self.assertEqual( list(reversed(self.Season)), [self.Season.WINTER, self.Season.AUTUMN, self.Season.SUMMER, self.Season.SPRING] ) def test_init(self): class Planet(Enum): MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6) VENUS = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6) EARTH = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6) MARS = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6) JUPITER = (1.9e+27, 7.1492e7) SATURN = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7) URANUS = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7) NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7) def __init__(self, mass, radius): self.mass = mass # in kilograms self.radius = radius # in meters @property def surface_gravity(self): # universal gravitational constant (m3 kg-1 s-2) G = 6.67300E-11 return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius) self.assertEqual(round(Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity, 2), 9.80) self.assertEqual(Planet.EARTH.value, (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6)) def test_nonhash_value(self): class AutoNumberInAList(Enum): def __new__(cls): value = [len(cls.__members__) + 1] obj = object.__new__(cls) obj._value_ = value return obj class ColorInAList(AutoNumberInAList): __order__ = 'red green blue' red = () green = () blue = () self.assertEqual(list(ColorInAList), [ColorInAList.red, ColorInAList.green, ColorInAList.blue]) self.assertEqual(ColorInAList.red.value, [1]) self.assertEqual(ColorInAList([1]), ColorInAList.red) def test_conflicting_types_resolved_in_new(self): class LabelledIntEnum(int, Enum): def __new__(cls, *args): value, label = args obj = int.__new__(cls, value) obj.label = label obj._value_ = value return obj class LabelledList(LabelledIntEnum): unprocessed = (1, "Unprocessed") payment_complete = (2, "Payment Complete") self.assertEqual(list(LabelledList), [LabelledList.unprocessed, LabelledList.payment_complete]) self.assertEqual(LabelledList.unprocessed, 1) self.assertEqual(LabelledList(1), LabelledList.unprocessed) class TestUnique(unittest.TestCase): """2.4 doesn't allow class decorators, use function syntax.""" def test_unique_clean(self): class Clean(Enum): one = 1 two = 'dos' tres = 4.0 unique(Clean) class Cleaner(IntEnum): single = 1 double = 2 triple = 3 unique(Cleaner) def test_unique_dirty(self): try: class Dirty(Enum): __order__ = 'one two tres' one = 1 two = 'dos' tres = 1 unique(Dirty) except ValueError: exc = sys.exc_info()[1] message = exc.args[0] self.assertTrue('tres -> one' in message) try: class Dirtier(IntEnum): __order__ = 'single double triple turkey' single = 1 double = 1 triple = 3 turkey = 3 unique(Dirtier) except ValueError: exc = sys.exc_info()[1] message = exc.args[0] self.assertTrue('double -> single' in message) self.assertTrue('turkey -> triple' in message) class TestMe(unittest.TestCase): pass if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()