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+#######################################################################
+# Implements a topological sort algorithm.
+#
+# Copyright 2014 True Blade Systems, Inc.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+# Notes:
+# Based on http://code.activestate.com/recipes/578272-topological-sort
+# with these major changes:
+# Added unittests.
+# Deleted doctests (maybe not the best idea in the world, but it cleans
+# up the docstring).
+# Moved functools import to the top of the file.
+# Changed assert to a ValueError.
+# Changed iter[items|keys] to [items|keys], for python 3
+# compatibility. I don't think it matters for python 2 these are
+# now lists instead of iterables.
+# Copy the input so as to leave it unmodified.
+# Renamed function from toposort2 to toposort.
+# Handle empty input.
+# Switch tests to use set literals.
+#
+########################################################################
+
+from functools import reduce as _reduce
+
+__all__ = ['toposort', 'toposort_flatten']
+
+def toposort(data):
+ """Dependencies are expressed as a dictionary whose keys are items
+and whose values are a set of dependent items. Output is a list of
+sets in topological order. The first set consists of items with no
+dependences, each subsequent set consists of items that depend upon
+items in the preceeding sets.
+"""
+
+ # Special case empty input.
+ if len(data) == 0:
+ return
+
+ # Copy the input so as to leave it unmodified.
+ data = data.copy()
+
+ # Ignore self dependencies.
+ for k, v in data.items():
+ v.discard(k)
+ # Find all items that don't depend on anything.
+ extra_items_in_deps = _reduce(set.union, data.values()) - set(data.keys())
+ # Add empty dependences where needed.
+ data.update({item:set() for item in extra_items_in_deps})
+ while True:
+ ordered = set(item for item, dep in data.items() if len(dep) == 0)
+ if not ordered:
+ break
+ yield ordered
+ data = {item: (dep - ordered)
+ for item, dep in data.items()
+ if item not in ordered}
+ if len(data) != 0:
+ raise ValueError('Cyclic dependencies exist among these items: {}'.format(', '.join(repr(x) for x in data.items())))
+
+
+def toposort_flatten(data, sort=True):
+ """Returns a single list of dependencies. For any set returned by
+toposort(), those items are sorted and appended to the result (just to
+make the results deterministic)."""
+
+ result = []
+ for d in toposort(data):
+ result.extend((sorted if sort else list)(d))
+ return result