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+## Content
+
+<!-- MarkdownTOC autolink="true" -->
+
+- [Tests for NAT44ED](#tests-for-nat44ed)
+- [CPS Test Objectives](#cps-test-objectives)
+- [Input Parameters](#input-parameters)
+- [Stateful traffic profiles](#stateful-traffic-profiles)
+- [UDP CPS Tests](#udp-cps-tests)
+ - [UDP TRex Measurements](#udp-trex-measurements)
+ - [Counters](#counters)
+ - [Calculations](#calculations)
+ - [CPS-MRR](#cps-mrr)
+ - [CPS-PDR](#cps-pdr)
+ - [CPS-NDR](#cps-ndr)
+ - [UDP VPP Telemetry](#udp-vpp-telemetry)
+ - [Counters](#counters-1)
+ - [Errors](#errors)
+- [TCP/IP CPS Tests](#tcpip-cps-tests)
+ - [TCP/IP TRex Measurements](#tcpip-trex-measurements)
+ - [Counters](#counters-2)
+ - [Calculations](#calculations-1)
+ - [CPS Trial PASS](#cps-trial-pass)
+ - [CPS-MRR](#cps-mrr-1)
+ - [CPS-PDR](#cps-pdr-1)
+ - [CPS-NDR](#cps-ndr-1)
+ - [TCP/IP VPP Telemetry](#tcpip-vpp-telemetry)
+ - [Counters](#counters-3)
+ - [Errors](#errors-1)
+
+<!-- /MarkdownTOC -->
+
+## Tests for NAT44ED
+
+Two types of stateful tests are developed for NAT44ED (source network address
+and port translation IPv4 to IPv4 with 5-tuple session state):
+
+- Connections-Per-Second (CPS), discovering the maximum rate of creating
+ NAT44ED sessions. Measured separately for UDP and TCP connections and
+ for different session scale.
+
+- Packets-Per-Second (PPS), discovering the maximum rate of
+simultaneously creating NAT44ED sessions and transfering bulk of data
+packets across the corresponding connections. Measured separately for
+UDP and TCP connections with different session scale and different data
+packet sizes per each connection. Current code is using 64B only for UDP
+and default MSS 1460B for TCP/IP.
+
+This note describes CPS tests.
+
+## CPS Test Objectives
+
+Discover DUT's highest sustain rate of creating fully functional NAT44ED
+5-tuple stateful session entries. Session entry is considered fully
+functional, if packets associated with this entry are NAT44ED processed
+by DUT and forwarded in both directions without loss.
+
+Similarly to packet throughput tests, three CPS rates are discovered:
+
+- CPS-MRR, verified connection rate at maximal connection attempt rate,
+ regardless of an amount of not established connections. (Connections
+ per Second - Maximum Receive Rate.)
+- CPS-NDR, maximal connection attempt rate at which all connections get
+ established. (Connections per Second - Non Drop Rate.)
+- CPS-PDR, maximal connection attempt rate at which ratio of not
+ established connections to attempted connections is below configured
+ threshold. (Connections per Second - Partial Drop Rate.)
+
+## Input Parameters
+
+- `max_cps_rate`, maximum rate of attempting connections, to be used by
+ traffic generator, limited by traffic generator capabilities, Ethernet
+ link(s) rate and NIC model.
+- `min_cps_rate`, minimum rate of establishing connections to be used for
+ measurements. Search fails if lower transmit rate needs to be used to
+ meet search criteria.
+- `target_session_number`, maximum number of sessions to be established and
+ tested.
+- `target_loss_ratio`, maximum acceptable connections loss ratio search
+ criteria for PDR measurements with UDP tests. Indicates packet drop
+ impact on connection establishment rate.
+- `final_relative_width`, required measurement resolution expressed as
+ (lower_bound, upper_bound) interval width relative to upper_bound.
+- stateful traffic profiles, TRex ASTF program defining the connection
+ per L4 protocol tested (TCP, UDP), including connect and
+ close sequence.
+
+## Stateful traffic profiles
+
+TRex ASTF program defines following TCP and UDP transactions for
+discovering NAT44ED CPS limits:
+
+- CPS with TCP
+ - connect(syn,syn-ack,ack)
+ - pkts client tx 2, rx 1
+ - pkts server tx 1, rx 2
+ - delay (note: optional, currently not implemented)
+ - no packets
+ - close(fin,fin-ack,ack,ack)
+ - pkts client tx 2, rx 2
+ - pkts server tx 1, rx 2
+- CPS with UDP
+ - connect_and_close(req,ack)
+ - pkts client tx 1, rx 1
+ - pkts server tx 1, rx 1
+
+TRex ASTF program configuration parameters:
+
+- `limit` of connections, set to `target_session_number`.
+- `multiplier`, represents `trial_cps_rate`, a number of connections per
+ second to be executed per trial. Multiplier applies to connect phases.
+ Close phases occur automatically based on arrival of the last packet
+ expected per session.
+- IPv4 source and destination address and port ranges matching the
+ limit of connections.
+ - Source and destination addresses changing packet-by-packet with two
+ separate profiles i) incrementing sequentially pair-wise
+ (implemented) and ii) changed randomly (with seed) pair-wise (not
+ implemented yet).
+ - Source port changing randomly within the range.
+- `trial_duration`, function of `target_session_number` and `multiplier`
+ - `multiplier`, subject of the search, value in the range (`min_cps_rate`,`max_cps_rate`)
+ - `target_setup_duration` = `target_session_number` / `trial_cps_rate`
+ - For UDP:
+ - `trial_duration` = `target_setup_duration` + `late_traffic_start_correction`
+ - `late_traffic_start_correction` = 0.1115 seconds (hardcoded for now)
+ - For TCP:
+ - `trial_duration` = 2 * `target_setup_duration` + `late_traffic_start_correction`
+ - `late_traffic_start_correction` = 0.1115 seconds (hardcoded for now)
+
+## UDP CPS Tests
+
+### UDP TRex Measurements
+
+#### Counters
+
+Following TRex ASTF counters are collected by UDP CPS tests for automated
+results evaluation (r) and debugging purposes (d):
+
+- Interface 1 Client
+ - (r) `opackets`, TRex UDP transaction start
+ - (r) `ipackets`, TRex UDP transaction finish
+- Interface 2 Server
+ - (d) `opackets`
+ - (d) `ipackets`
+- Traffic Client
+ - (d) `m_active_flows`
+ - (d) `m_est_flows`
+ - (d) `m_traffic_duration`, includes TRex ramp-up overhead, and it can
+ be quite far from the actual traffic duration
+ - (d) `udps_connects`
+ - (d) `udps_closed`
+ - (d) `udps_sndbyte`
+ - (d) `udps_sndpkt`
+ - (d) `udps_rcvbyte`
+ - (d) `udps_rcvpkt`
+ - (d) `udps_keepdrops`, TRex out of capacity, dropping UDP KAs(?)
+<!--
+Vratko Polak: Yes, although the traffic profile should have set large
+enough keepalive value so zero KA packets are actually sent within the
+trial. I did not actually check the value is large enough for the worst
+case (ndrpdr search hitting min multiplier of 9001).
+-->
+ - (d) `err_rx_throttled`, TRex out of capacity, throttling workers due
+ to Rx overload(?)
+<!--
+Vratko Polak: I think this is TRex receiving the packet on L2 level, but
+then dropping it because L7 buffers are full. Such packet increases
+ipackets, but does not increase any L7 counter (even if traffic profile
+wants to receive that packet). But this is just me guessing. TRex docs
+say "rx thread was throttled due too many packets in NIC rx queue", and
+I did no experiments/investigation to confirm my hypothesis fits with
+the observed counters.
+-->
+ - (d) `err_c_nf_throttled`, Number of client side flows that were not
+ opened due to flow-table overflow(?)
+ - (d) `err_flow_overflow`, too many flows(?)
+- Traffic Server
+ - (d) `m_active_flows`
+ - (d) `m_est_flows`
+ - (r) `m_traffic_duration`
+ - (d) `udps_accepts`
+ - (d) `udps_closed`
+ - (d) `udps_sndbyte`
+ - (d) `udps_sndpkt`
+ - (d) `udps_rcvbyte`
+ - (d) `udps_rcvpkt`
+ - (d) `err_rx_throttled`, TRex out of capacity, throttling workers due
+ to Rx overload(?)
+
+[TRex ASTF counters reference](https://trex-tgn.cisco.com/trex/doc/trex_astf.html#_counters_reference).
+
+TRex counters are polled once TRex confirms traffic is stopped, after it
+is explicitly instructed to stop it. Early attempts to use periodic TRex
+counter polling affected TRex behaviour and test results, hence counter
+polling is consider as invasive.
+
+#### Calculations
+
+- Interface packet loss
+ - pktloss_ratio = (c_opackets - c_ipackets) / c_opackets
+- UDP session packet loss (currently not used)
+- UDP session byte loss (currently not used)
+- UDP session integrity (currently not used)
+
+#### CPS-MRR
+
+Reported MRR values are calculated as follows:
+
+CPS-MRR = `c_ipackets` / `s_traffic_duration`, where
+`s_traffic_duration` = TRex Traffic Server `m_traffic_duration`.
+
+In order to ensure a determnistic region of TRex ASTF operation, a
+separate set of tests is run for each traffic profile, with vpp-ip4base
+DUT instead of vpp-nat44ed, to auto-discover the maximum rate TRex ASTF
+traffic profile is capable of. Result of this test is used as a side
+reference to compare with the results of NAT44ed CPS-MRR tests.
+
+#### CPS-PDR
+
+CPS-PDR values are discovered using MLRsearch, a binary search optimized
+for the overall test duration.
+
+CPS-PDR = max(`trial_cps_rate`) found for `pktloss_ratio` <
+`target_loss_ratio`, according to MLRsearch criteria for PDR.
+
+Measurements to be reported in the CPS-PDR result test message:
+
+- PDR_LOWER
+
+#### CPS-NDR
+
+CPS-NDR values are also discovered using MLRsearch.
+
+CPS-NDR = max(`trial_cps_rate`) found for `pktloss_ratio` = 0, according
+to MLRsearch criteria for PDR.
+
+Measurements to be reported in the CPS-NDR result test message:
+
+- NDR_LOWER
+
+### UDP VPP Telemetry
+
+#### Counters
+
+- VPP show nat44 summary
+
+ ```
+ max translations per thread: 81920
+ max translations per user: 81920
+ total timed out sessions: 0
+ total sessions: 64514
+ total tcp sessions: 0
+ total tcp established sessions: 0
+ total tcp transitory sessions: 0
+ total tcp transitory (WAIT-CLOSED) sessions: 0
+ total tcp transitory (CLOSED) sessions: 0
+ total udp sessions: 64514
+ total icmp sessions: 0
+ ```
+
+- VPP show interface
+
+ ```
+ show hardware verbose (10.30.51.54 - /run/vpp/api.sock):
+ Name Idx Link Hardware
+ avf-0/3b/2/0 1 up avf-0/3b/2/0
+ Link speed: 25 Gbps
+ Ethernet address 3c:fe:bd:f9:00:00
+ flags: initialized admin-up vaddr-dma link-up rx-interrupts
+ offload features: l2 vlan rx-polling rss-pf
+ num-queue-pairs 3 max-vectors 5 max-mtu 0 rss-key-size 52 rss-lut-size 64
+ speed
+ stats:
+ rx bytes 69368896
+ rx unicast 135301620
+ rx discards 94585780
+ tx bytes 2401281120
+ tx unicast 40021352
+ avf-0/3b/a/0 2 up avf-0/3b/a/0
+ Link speed: 25 Gbps
+ Ethernet address 3c:fe:bd:f9:01:00
+ flags: initialized admin-up vaddr-dma link-up rx-interrupts
+ offload features: l2 vlan rx-polling rss-pf
+ num-queue-pairs 3 max-vectors 5 max-mtu 0 rss-key-size 52 rss-lut-size 64
+ speed
+ stats:
+ rx bytes 40912192
+ rx unicast 134856987
+ rx discards 94835635
+ tx bytes 2442955680
+ tx unicast 40715928
+ ```
+
+- VPP show runtime
+
+ ```
+ Thread 1 vpp_wk_0 (lcore 2)
+ Time 21.5, 10 sec internal node vector rate 0.00 loops/sec 6740197.88
+ vector rates in 4.2183e3, out 3.7118e3, drop 0.0000e0, punt 0.0000e0
+ Name State Calls Vectors Suspends Clocks Vectors/Call
+ avf-0/3b/2/0-output active 277 34387 0 1.96e1 124.14
+ avf-0/3b/2/0-tx active 277 34387 0 3.54e1 124.14
+ avf-0/3b/a/0-output active 380 45245 0 1.92e1 119.07
+ avf-0/3b/a/0-tx active 380 45245 0 3.36e1 119.07
+ avf-input polling 144384995 90499 0 3.03e5 0.00
+ ethernet-input active 381 90499 0 1.91e1 237.53
+ ip4-input-no-checksum active 381 90499 0 4.94e1 237.53
+ ip4-lookup active 521 79632 0 3.76e1 152.84
+ ip4-rewrite active 521 79632 0 4.19e1 152.84
+ ip4-sv-reassembly-feature active 381 90499 0 3.78e1 237.53
+ nat44-ed-in2out active 380 45245 0 1.98e2 119.07
+ nat44-ed-in2out-slowpath active 380 45245 0 2.31e3 119.07
+ nat44-ed-out2in active 277 34387 0 1.89e2 124.14
+ nat44-in2out-worker-handoff active 381 90499 0 9.42e1 237.53
+ unix-epoll-input polling 140863 0 0 1.61e3 0.00
+ ---------------
+ Thread 2 vpp_wk_1 (lcore 58)
+ Time 21.5, 10 sec internal node vector rate 0.00 loops/sec 6733488.17
+ vector rates in 3.3365e3, out 3.5604e3, drop 0.0000e0, punt 0.0000e0
+ Name State Calls Vectors Suspends Clocks Vectors/Call
+ avf-0/3b/2/0-output active 276 31129 0 2.03e1 112.79
+ avf-0/3b/2/0-tx active 276 31129 0 3.63e1 112.79
+ avf-0/3b/a/0-output active 332 45254 0 1.87e1 136.31
+ avf-0/3b/a/0-tx active 332 45254 0 3.48e1 136.31
+ avf-input polling 166439403 71581 0 4.42e5 0.00
+ ethernet-input active 277 65516 0 1.89e1 236.52
+ ip4-input-no-checksum active 277 65516 0 4.95e1 236.52
+ ip4-lookup active 455 76383 0 3.75e1 167.87
+ ip4-rewrite active 455 76383 0 4.20e1 167.87
+ ip4-sv-reassembly-feature active 277 65516 0 3.85e1 236.52
+ nat44-ed-in2out active 377 45254 0 1.97e2 120.04
+ nat44-ed-in2out-slowpath active 332 45254 0 2.39e3 136.31
+ nat44-ed-out2in active 276 31129 0 1.83e2 112.79
+ nat44-out2in-worker-handoff active 277 65516 0 2.17e2 236.52
+ unix-epoll-input polling 140817 0 0 1.60e3 0.00
+ ```
+
+#### Errors
+
+- VPP show errors
+
+ ```
+ Count Node Reason
+ 32258 nat44-in2out-worker-handoff same worker
+ 32256 nat44-in2out-worker-handoff do handoff
+ 32258 nat44-ed-out2in good out2in packets processed
+ 32258 nat44-ed-out2in UDP packets
+ 32258 nat44-ed-in2out-slowpath good in2out packets processed
+ 32258 nat44-ed-in2out-slowpath UDP packets
+ 32256 nat44-out2in-worker-handoff same worker
+ 32258 nat44-out2in-worker-handoff do handoff
+ 32256 nat44-ed-out2in good out2in packets processed
+ 32256 nat44-ed-out2in UDP packets
+ 32256 nat44-ed-in2out-slowpath good in2out packets processed
+ 32256 nat44-ed-in2out-slowpath UDP packets
+ ```
+
+## TCP/IP CPS Tests
+
+### TCP/IP TRex Measurements
+
+#### Counters
+
+Following TRex ASTF counters are collected by UDP CPS tests for automated
+results evaluation (r) and debugging purposes (d):
+
+- Interface 1 Client
+ - (d) `opackets`
+ - (d) `packets`
+- Interface 2 Server
+ - (d) `opackets`
+ - (d) `packets`
+- Traffic Client
+ - (d) `m_active_flows`
+ - (d) `m_est_flows`
+ - (d) `m_traffic_duration`
+ - (r) `tcps_connattempt`
+ - (d) `tcps_connects`
+ - (d) `tcps_closed`
+- Traffic Server
+ - (d) `m_active_flows`
+ - (d) `m_est_flows`
+ - (r) `m_traffic_duration`
+ - (d) `tcps_accepts`
+ - (r) `tcps_connects`
+ - (d) `tcps_closed`
+ - (d) `err_no_template`, server can’t match L7 template no destination port or IP range
+
+[TRex ASTF counters reference](https://trex-tgn.cisco.com/trex/doc/trex_astf.html#_counters_reference).
+
+TRex counters are polled only once by CSIT after traffic is stopped.
+
+#### Calculations
+
+TODO WIP Note: Currently s_tcp_connects is used for counting successful
+sessions. But now I am not sure whether it is correct, as already
+c_tcps_connects counts NAT sessions that got established (even though
+TCP is not fully connected yet). Not sure how the counters behave when
+the third packet is lost and retransmitted.
+
+- Interface packet loss
+ - `pktloss_c_s` = `c_opackets` - `s_ipackets`
+ - `pktloss_s_c` = `s_opackets` - `c_ipackets`
+ - `pktloss_ratio` = (`pktloss_s_c` + `pktloss_c_s`) / (`c_opackets` + `s_opackets`)
+- TCP session integrity
+ - `tcp_attempted_connection_count` = `c_tcps_connattempt`
+ - `tcp_failed_connection_count` = `c_tcps_connects` - `c_tcps_connattempt`
+
+#### CPS Trial PASS
+
+TODO WIP Note: Currently any trial measurement fails only if TRex itself
+fails, or if we fail to parse some counter. No criteria mentioned here
+is currently planned to be implemented; we rely on bad things leading to
+too few (maybe zero) passed transactions.
+
+<!--
+PASS of TCP CPS test trial is conditioned on all of the following criteria being met:
+
+- PASS-C1 TRex must attempt all configured `target_session_number` in `target_setup_duration` time
+ - IOW TRex must send connect packets at configured `trial_cps_rate`.
+- PASS-C2 Following TRex errors ARE NOT recorded in Target-Counters:
+ - Traffic Client
+ - No errors recorded so far
+ - Traffic Server
+ - `err_no_template`, server can’t match L7 template no destination port or IP range
+-->
+
+#### CPS-MRR
+
+Reported MRR values are equal to the following TRex counters from Target-Counters:
+- `c_m_est_flows`
+- `s_m_est_flows`
+
+TODO Add description of separate set of tests for discovering a **safe**
+CPS-MTR value (Maximum Transmit Rate) for TRex, where TRex errors **are not**
+observed in Target-Counters.
+
+#### CPS-PDR
+
+CPS-PDR values are discovered using MLRsearch, a binary search optimized
+for the overall test duration.
+
+CPS-PDR = `trial_cps_rate`, if all of the following conditions are met:
+
+- `tcp_failed_connection_count` < `target_loss_ratio`
+- `pktloss_ratio` < `target_loss_ratio`
+
+Measurements to be reported in the CPS-PDR result test message:
+
+- `trial_cps_rate`
+- `c_m_est_flows`
+- `s_m_est_flows`
+
+#### CPS-NDR
+
+CPS-NDR values are discovered using MLRsearch, a binary search optimized
+for the overall test duration.
+
+CPS-NDR = `trial_cps_rate`, if all of the following conditions are met:
+
+- `tcp_failed_connection_count` = 0
+- `pktloss_ratio` = 0
+
+Measurements to be reported in the CPS-PDR result test message:
+
+- `trial_cps_rate`
+- `c_m_est_flows`
+- `s_m_est_flows`
+
+### TCP/IP VPP Telemetry
+
+#### Counters
+
+- VPP show nat44 summary
+
+ ```
+ <TODO add sample output>
+ ```
+
+- VPP show interface
+
+ ```
+ <TODO add sample output>
+ ```
+
+- VPP show runtime
+
+ ```
+ <TODO add sample output>
+ ```
+
+#### Errors
+
+- VPP show errors
+
+ ```
+ <TODO add sample output>
+ ``` \ No newline at end of file