path: root/resources/libraries/python/IPsecUtil.py

# Copyright (c) 2021 Cisco and/or its affiliates.
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at:
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""IPsec utilities library."""

import os

from enum import Enum, IntEnum
from io import open
from random import choice
from string import ascii_letters

from ipaddress import ip_network, ip_address

from resources.libraries.python.Constants import Constants
from resources.libraries.python.InterfaceUtil import InterfaceUtil, \
    InterfaceStatusFlags
from resources.libraries.python.IPAddress import IPAddress
from resources.libraries.python.IPUtil import IPUtil, IpDscp, MPLS_LABEL_INVALID
from resources.libraries.python.PapiExecutor import PapiSocketExecutor
from resources.libraries.python.ssh import scp_node
from resources.libraries.python.topology import Topology, NodeType
from resources.libraries.python.VatExecutor import VatExecutor
from resources.libraries.python.VPPUtil import VPPUtil


IPSEC_UDP_PORT_NONE = 0xffff


def gen_key(length):
    """Generate random string as a key.

    :param length: Length of generated payload.
    :type length: int
    :returns: The generated payload.
    :rtype: bytes
    """
    return u"".join(
        choice(ascii_letters) for _ in range(length)
    ).encode(encoding=u"utf-8")


class PolicyAction(Enum):
    """Policy actions."""
    BYPASS = (u"bypass", 0)
    DISCARD = (u"discard", 1)
    PROTECT = (u"protect", 3)

    def __init__(self, policy_name, policy_int_repr):
        self.policy_name = policy_name
        self.policy_int_repr = policy_int_repr


class CryptoAlg(Enum):
    """Encryption algorithms."""
    AES_CBC_128 = (u"aes-cbc-128", 1, u"AES-CBC", 16)
    AES_CBC_256 = (u"aes-cbc-256", 3, u"AES-CBC", 32)
    AES_GCM_128 = (u"aes-gcm-128", 7, u"AES-GCM", 16)
    AES_GCM_256 = (u"aes-gcm-256", 9, u"AES-GCM", 32)

    def __init__(self, alg_name, alg_int_repr, scapy_name, key_len):
        self.alg_name = alg_name
        self.alg_int_repr = alg_int_repr
        self.scapy_name = scapy_name
        self.key_len = key_len


class IntegAlg(Enum):
    """Integrity algorithm."""
    SHA_256_128 = (u"sha-256-128", 4, u"SHA2-256-128", 32)
    SHA_512_256 = (u"sha-512-256", 6, u"SHA2-512-256", 64)

    def __init__(self, alg_name, alg_int_repr, scapy_name, key_len):
        self.alg_name = alg_name
        self.alg_int_repr = alg_int_repr
        self.scapy_name = scapy_name
        self.key_len = key_len


class IPsecProto(IntEnum):
    """IPsec protocol."""
    IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP = 50
    IPSEC_API_PROTO_AH = 51


class IPsecSadFlags(IntEnum):
    """IPsec Security Association Database flags."""
    IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_NONE = 0
    # Enable extended sequence numbers
    IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN = 0x01
    # Enable Anti - replay
    IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ANTI_REPLAY = 0x02
    # IPsec tunnel mode if non-zero, else transport mode
    IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_IS_TUNNEL = 0x04
    # IPsec tunnel mode is IPv6 if non-zero, else IPv4 tunnel
    # only valid if is_tunnel is non-zero
    IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_IS_TUNNEL_V6 = 0x08
    # Enable UDP encapsulation for NAT traversal
    IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP = 0x10
    # IPsec SA is or inbound traffic
    IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_IS_INBOUND = 0x40


class TunnelEncpaDecapFlags(IntEnum):
    """Flags controlling tunnel behaviour."""
    TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE = 0
    # at encap, copy the DF bit of the payload into the tunnel header
    TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DF = 1
    # at encap, set the DF bit in the tunnel header
    TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_SET_DF = 2
    # at encap, copy the DSCP bits of the payload into the tunnel header
    TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP = 4
    # at encap, copy the ECN bit of the payload into the tunnel header
    TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN = 8
    # at decap, copy the ECN bit of the tunnel header into the payload
    TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_SET_ECN = 16


class TunnelMode(IntEnum):
    """Tunnel modes."""
    # point-to-point
    TUNNEL_API_MODE_P2P = 0
    # multi-point
    TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP = 1


class IPsecUtil:
    """IPsec utilities."""

    @staticmethod
    def policy_action_bypass():
        """Return policy action bypass.

        :returns: PolicyAction enum BYPASS object.
        :rtype: PolicyAction
        """
        return PolicyAction.BYPASS

    @staticmethod
    def policy_action_discard():
        """Return policy action discard.

        :returns: PolicyAction enum DISCARD object.
        :rtype: PolicyAction
        """
        return PolicyAction.DISCARD

    @staticmethod
    def policy_action_protect():
        """Return policy action protect.

        :returns: PolicyAction enum PROTECT object.
        :rtype: PolicyAction
        """
        return PolicyAction.PROTECT

    @staticmethod
    def crypto_alg_aes_cbc_128():
        """Return encryption algorithm aes-cbc-128.

        :returns: CryptoAlg enum AES_CBC_128 object.
        :rtype: CryptoAlg
        """
        return CryptoAlg.AES_CBC_128

    @staticmethod
    def crypto_alg_aes_cbc_256():
        """Return encryption algorithm aes-cbc-256.

        :returns: CryptoAlg enum AES_CBC_256 object.
        :rtype: CryptoAlg
        """
        return CryptoAlg.AES_CBC_256

    @staticmethod
    def crypto_alg_aes_gcm_128():
        """Return encryption algorithm aes-gcm-128.

        :returns: CryptoAlg enum AES_GCM_128 object.
        :rtype: CryptoAlg
        """
        return CryptoAlg.AES_GCM_128

    @staticmethod
    def crypto_alg_aes_gcm_256():
        """Return encryption algorithm aes-gcm-256.

        :returns: CryptoAlg enum AES_GCM_128 object.
        :rtype: CryptoAlg
        """
        return CryptoAlg.AES_GCM_256

    @staticmethod
    def get_crypto_alg_key_len(crypto_alg):
        """Return encryption algorithm key length.

        :param crypto_alg: Encryption algorithm.
        :type crypto_alg: CryptoAlg
        :returns: Key length.
        :rtype: int
        """
        return crypto_alg.key_len

    @staticmethod
    def get_crypto_alg_scapy_name(crypto_alg):
        """Return encryption algorithm scapy name.

        :param crypto_alg: Encryption algorithm.
        :type crypto_alg: CryptoAlg
        :returns: Algorithm scapy name.
        :rtype: str
        """
        return crypto_alg.scapy_name

    @staticmethod
    def integ_alg_sha_256_128():
        """Return integrity algorithm SHA-256-128.

        :returns: IntegAlg enum SHA_256_128 object.
        :rtype: IntegAlg
        """
        return IntegAlg.SHA_256_128

    @staticmethod
    def integ_alg_sha_512_256():
        """Return integrity algorithm SHA-512-256.

        :returns: IntegAlg enum SHA_512_256 object.
        :rtype: IntegAlg
        """
        return IntegAlg.SHA_512_256

    @staticmethod
    def get_integ_alg_key_len(integ_alg):
        """Return integrity algorithm key length.

        None argument is accepted, returning zero.

        :param integ_alg: Integrity algorithm.
        :type integ_alg: Optional[IntegAlg]
        :returns: Key length.
        :rtype: int
        """
        return 0 if integ_alg is None else integ_alg.key_len

    @staticmethod
    def get_integ_alg_scapy_name(integ_alg):
        """Return integrity algorithm scapy name.

        :param integ_alg: Integrity algorithm.
        :type integ_alg: IntegAlg
        :returns: Algorithm scapy name.
        :rtype: str
        """
        return integ_alg.scapy_name

    @staticmethod
    def ipsec_proto_esp():
        """Return IPSec protocol ESP.

        :returns: IPsecProto enum ESP object.
        :rtype: IPsecProto
        """
        return int(IPsecProto.IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP)

    @staticmethod
    def ipsec_proto_ah():
        """Return IPSec protocol AH.

        :returns: IPsecProto enum AH object.
        :rtype: IPsecProto
        """
        return int(IPsecProto.IPSEC_API_PROTO_AH)

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_select_backend(node, protocol, index=1):
        """Select IPsec backend.

        :param node: VPP node to select IPsec backend on.
        :param protocol: IPsec protocol.
        :param index: Backend index.
        :type node: dict
        :type protocol: IPsecProto
        :type index: int
        :raises RuntimeError: If failed to select IPsec backend or if no API
            reply received.
        """
        cmd = u"ipsec_select_backend"
        err_msg = f"Failed to select IPsec backend on host {node[u'host']}"
        args = dict(
            protocol=protocol,
            index=index
        )
        with PapiSocketExecutor(node) as papi_exec:
            papi_exec.add(cmd, **args).get_reply(err_msg)

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_set_async_mode(node, async_enable=1):
        """Set IPsec async mode on|off.

        :param node: VPP node to set IPsec async mode.
        :param async_enable: Async mode on or off.
        :type node: dict
        :type async_enable: int
        :raises RuntimeError: If failed to set IPsec async mode or if no API
            reply received.
        """
        cmd = u"ipsec_set_async_mode"
        err_msg = f"Failed to set IPsec async mode on host {node[u'host']}"
        args = dict(
            async_enable=async_enable
        )
        with PapiSocketExecutor(node) as papi_exec:
            papi_exec.add(cmd, **args).get_reply(err_msg)

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_crypto_sw_scheduler_set_worker(
            node, workers, crypto_enable=False):
        """Enable or disable crypto on specific vpp worker threads.

        :param node: VPP node to enable or disable crypto for worker threads.
        :param workers: List of VPP thread numbers.
        :param crypto_enable: Disable or enable crypto work.
        :type node: dict
        :type workers: Iterable[int]
        :type crypto_enable: bool
        :raises RuntimeError: If failed to enable or disable crypto for worker
            thread or if no API reply received.
        """
        for worker in workers:
            cmd = u"crypto_sw_scheduler_set_worker"
            err_msg = f"Failed to disable/enable crypto for worker thread " \
                f"on host {node[u'host']}"
            args = dict(
                worker_index=worker - 1,
                crypto_enable=crypto_enable
            )
            with PapiSocketExecutor(node) as papi_exec:
                papi_exec.add(cmd, **args).get_reply(err_msg)

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_crypto_sw_scheduler_set_worker_on_all_duts(
            nodes, workers, crypto_enable=False):
        """Enable or disable crypto on specific vpp worker threads.

        :param node: VPP node to enable or disable crypto for worker threads.
        :param workers: List of VPP thread numbers.
        :param crypto_enable: Disable or enable crypto work.
        :type node: dict
        :type workers: Iterable[int]
        :type crypto_enable: bool
        :raises RuntimeError: If failed to enable or disable crypto for worker
            thread or if no API reply received.
        """
        for node in nodes.values():
            if node[u"type"] == NodeType.DUT:
                thread_data = VPPUtil.vpp_show_threads(node)
                worker_cnt = len(thread_data) - 1
                if not worker_cnt:
                    return None
                worker_ids = list()
                for item in thread_data:
                    if str(item.cpu_id) in workers.split(u","):
                        worker_ids.append(item.id)

                IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_crypto_sw_scheduler_set_worker(
                    node, workers=worker_ids, crypto_enable=crypto_enable
                )

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_add_sad_entry(
            node, sad_id, spi, crypto_alg, crypto_key, integ_alg=None,
            integ_key=u"", tunnel_src=None, tunnel_dst=None):
        """Create Security Association Database entry on the VPP node.

        :param node: VPP node to add SAD entry on.
        :param sad_id: SAD entry ID.
        :param spi: Security Parameter Index of this SAD entry.
        :param crypto_alg: The encryption algorithm name.
        :param crypto_key: The encryption key string.
        :param integ_alg: The integrity algorithm name.
        :param integ_key: The integrity key string.
        :param tunnel_src: Tunnel header source IPv4 or IPv6 address. If not
            specified ESP transport mode is used.
        :param tunnel_dst: Tunnel header destination IPv4 or IPv6 address. If
            not specified ESP transport mode is used.
        :type node: dict
        :type sad_id: int
        :type spi: int
        :type crypto_alg: CryptoAlg
        :type crypto_key: str
        :type integ_alg: Optional[IntegAlg]
        :type integ_key: str
        :type tunnel_src: str
        :type tunnel_dst: str
        """
        if isinstance(crypto_key, str):
            crypto_key = crypto_key.encode(encoding=u"utf-8")
        if isinstance(integ_key, str):
            integ_key = integ_key.encode(encoding=u"utf-8")
        ckey = dict(
            length=len(crypto_key),
            data=crypto_key
        )
        ikey = dict(
            length=len(integ_key),
            data=integ_key if integ_key else 0
        )

        flags = int(IPsecSadFlags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_NONE)
        if tunnel_src and tunnel_dst:
            flags = flags | int(IPsecSadFlags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_IS_TUNNEL)
            src_addr = ip_address(tunnel_src)
            dst_addr = ip_address(tunnel_dst)
            if src_addr.version == 6:
                flags = \
                    flags | int(IPsecSadFlags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_IS_TUNNEL_V6)
        else:
            src_addr = u""
            dst_addr = u""

        cmd = u"ipsec_sad_entry_add_del_v2"
        err_msg = f"Failed to add Security Association Database entry " \
            f"on host {node[u'host']}"
        sad_entry = dict(
            sad_id=int(sad_id),
            spi=int(spi),
            crypto_algorithm=crypto_alg.alg_int_repr,
            crypto_key=ckey,
            integrity_algorithm=integ_alg.alg_int_repr if integ_alg else 0,
            integrity_key=ikey,
            flags=flags,
            tunnel_src=str(src_addr),
            tunnel_dst=str(dst_addr),
            tunnel_flags=int(
                TunnelEncpaDecapFlags.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE
            ),
            dscp=int(IpDscp.IP_API_DSCP_CS0),
            protocol=int(IPsecProto.IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP),
            udp_src_port=4500,  # default value in api
            udp_dst_port=4500  # default value in api
        )
        args = dict(
            is_add=True,
            entry=sad_entry
        )
        with PapiSocketExecutor(node) as papi_exec:
            papi_exec.add(cmd, **args).get_reply(err_msg)

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_add_sad_entries(
            node, n_entries, sad_id, spi, crypto_alg, crypto_key,
            integ_alg=None, integ_key=u"", tunnel_src=None, tunnel_dst=None):
        """Create multiple Security Association Database entries on VPP node.

        :param node: VPP node to add SAD entry on.
        :param n_entries: Number of SAD entries to be created.
        :param sad_id: First SAD entry ID. All subsequent SAD entries will have
            id incremented by 1.
        :param spi: Security Parameter Index of first SAD entry. All subsequent
            SAD entries will have spi incremented by 1.
        :param crypto_alg: The encryption algorithm name.
        :param crypto_key: The encryption key string.
        :param integ_alg: The integrity algorithm name.
        :param integ_key: The integrity key string.
        :param tunnel_src: Tunnel header source IPv4 or IPv6 address. If not
            specified ESP transport mode is used.
        :param tunnel_dst: Tunnel header destination IPv4 or IPv6 address. If
            not specified ESP transport mode is used.
        :type node: dict
        :type n_entries: int
        :type sad_id: int
        :type spi: int
        :type crypto_alg: CryptoAlg
        :type crypto_key: str
        :type integ_alg: Optional[IntegAlg]
        :type integ_key: str
        :type tunnel_src: str
        :type tunnel_dst: str
        """
        if isinstance(crypto_key, str):
            crypto_key = crypto_key.encode(encoding=u"utf-8")
        if isinstance(integ_key, str):
            integ_key = integ_key.encode(encoding=u"utf-8")
        if tunnel_src and tunnel_dst:
            src_addr = ip_address(tunnel_src)
            dst_addr = ip_address(tunnel_dst)
        else:
            src_addr = u""
            dst_addr = u""

        addr_incr = 1 << (128 - 96) if src_addr.version == 6 \
            else 1 << (32 - 24)

        if int(n_entries) > 10:
            tmp_filename = f"/tmp/ipsec_sad_{sad_id}_add_del_entry.script"

            with open(tmp_filename, 'w') as tmp_file:
                for i in range(n_entries):
                    integ = f"integ-alg {integ_alg.alg_name} " \
                        f"integ-key {integ_key.hex()}" \
                        if integ_alg else u""
                    tunnel = f"tunnel src {src_addr + i * addr_incr} " \
                        f"tunnel dst {dst_addr + i * addr_incr}" \
                        if tunnel_src and tunnel_dst else u""
                    conf = f"exec ipsec sa add {sad_id + i} esp spi {spi + i} "\
                        f"crypto-alg {crypto_alg.alg_name} " \
                        f"crypto-key {crypto_key.hex()} " \
                        f"{integ} {tunnel}\n"
                    tmp_file.write(conf)
            vat = VatExecutor()
            vat.execute_script(
                tmp_filename, node, timeout=300, json_out=False,
                copy_on_execute=True
            )
            os.remove(tmp_filename)
            return

        ckey = dict(
            length=len(crypto_key),
            data=crypto_key
        )
        ikey = dict(
            length=len(integ_key),
            data=integ_key if integ_key else 0
        )

        flags = int(IPsecSadFlags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_NONE)
        if tunnel_src and tunnel_dst:
            flags = flags | int(IPsecSadFlags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_IS_TUNNEL)
            if src_addr.version == 6:
                flags = flags | int(
                    IPsecSadFlags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_IS_TUNNEL_V6
                )

        cmd = u"ipsec_sad_entry_add_del_v2"
        err_msg = f"Failed to add Security Association Database entry " \
            f"on host {node[u'host']}"

        sad_entry = dict(
            sad_id=int(sad_id),
            spi=int(spi),
            crypto_algorithm=crypto_alg.alg_int_repr,
            crypto_key=ckey,
            integrity_algorithm=integ_alg.alg_int_repr if integ_alg else 0,
            integrity_key=ikey,
            flags=flags,
            tunnel_src=str(src_addr),
            tunnel_dst=str(dst_addr),
            tunnel_flags=int(
                TunnelEncpaDecapFlags.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE
            ),
            dscp=int(IpDscp.IP_API_DSCP_CS0),
            protocol=int(IPsecProto.IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP),
            udp_src_port=4500,  # default value in api
            udp_dst_port=4500  # default value in api
        )
        args = dict(
            is_add=True,
            entry=sad_entry
        )
        with PapiSocketExecutor(node) as papi_exec:
            for i in range(n_entries):
                args[u"entry"][u"sad_id"] = int(sad_id) + i
                args[u"entry"][u"spi"] = int(spi) + i
                args[u"entry"][u"tunnel_src"] = str(src_addr + i * addr_incr) \
                    if tunnel_src and tunnel_dst else src_addr
                args[u"entry"][u"tunnel_dst"] = str(dst_addr + i * addr_incr) \
                    if tunnel_src and tunnel_dst else dst_addr
                history = bool(not 1 < i < n_entries - 2)
                papi_exec.add(cmd, history=history, **args)
            papi_exec.get_replies(err_msg)

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_set_ip_route(
            node, n_tunnels, tunnel_src, traffic_addr, tunnel_dst, interface,
            raddr_range, dst_mac=None):
        """Set IP address and route on interface.

        :param node: VPP node to add config on.
        :param n_tunnels: Number of tunnels to create.
        :param tunnel_src: Tunnel header source IPv4 or IPv6 address.
        :param traffic_addr: Traffic destination IP address to route.
        :param tunnel_dst: Tunnel header destination IPv4 or IPv6 address.
        :param interface: Interface key on node 1.
        :param raddr_range: Mask specifying range of Policy selector Remote IP
            addresses. Valid values are from 1 to 32 in case of IPv4 and to 128
            in case of IPv6.
        :param dst_mac: The MAC address of destination tunnels.
        :type node: dict
        :type n_tunnels: int
        :type tunnel_src: str
        :type traffic_addr: str
        :type tunnel_dst: str
        :type interface: str
        :type raddr_range: int
        :type dst_mac: str
        """
        tunnel_src = ip_address(tunnel_src)
        tunnel_dst = ip_address(tunnel_dst)
        traffic_addr = ip_address(traffic_addr)
        addr_incr = 1 << (128 - raddr_range) if tunnel_src.version == 6 \
            else 1 << (32 - raddr_range)

        if int(n_tunnels) > 10:
            tmp_filename = u"/tmp/ipsec_set_ip.script"

            with open(tmp_filename, 'w') as tmp_file:
                if_name = Topology.get_interface_name(node, interface)
                for i in range(n_tunnels):
                    conf = f"exec set interface ip address {if_name} " \
                        f"{tunnel_src + i * addr_incr}/{raddr_range}\n" \
                        f"exec ip route add {traffic_addr + i}/" \
                        f"{128 if traffic_addr.version == 6 else 32} " \
                        f"via {tunnel_dst + i * addr_incr} {if_name}\n"
                    if dst_mac:
                        conf = f"{conf}exec set ip neighbor {if_name} " \
                               f"{tunnel_dst + i * addr_incr} {dst_mac}\n"
                    tmp_file.write(conf)

            VatExecutor().execute_script(
                tmp_filename, node, timeout=300, json_out=False,
                copy_on_execute=True
            )
            os.remove(tmp_filename)
            return

        cmd1 = u"sw_interface_add_del_address"
        args1 = dict(
            sw_if_index=InterfaceUtil.get_interface_index(node, interface),
            is_add=True,
            del_all=False,
            prefix=None
        )
        cmd2 = u"ip_route_add_del"
        args2 = dict(
            is_add=1,
            is_multipath=0,
            route=None
        )
        cmd3 = u"ip_neighbor_add_del"
        args3 = dict(
            is_add=True,
            neighbor=dict(
                sw_if_index=Topology.get_interface_sw_index(node, interface),
                flags=0,
                mac_address=str(dst_mac),
                ip_address=None
            )
        )
        err_msg = f"Failed to configure IP addresses, IP routes and " \
            f"IP neighbor on interface {interface} on host {node[u'host']}" \
            if dst_mac \
            else f"Failed to configure IP addresses and IP routes " \
                 f"on interface {interface} on host {node[u'host']}"

        with PapiSocketExecutor(node) as papi_exec:
            for i in range(n_tunnels):
                args1[u"prefix"] = IPUtil.create_prefix_object(
                    tunnel_src + i * addr_incr, raddr_range
                )
                args2[u"route"] = IPUtil.compose_vpp_route_structure(
                    node, traffic_addr + i,
                    prefix_len=128 if traffic_addr.version == 6 else 32,
                    interface=interface, gateway=tunnel_dst + i * addr_incr
                )
                history = bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2)
                papi_exec.add(cmd1, history=history, **args1).\
                    add(cmd2, history=history, **args2)
                if dst_mac:
                    args3[u"neighbor"][u"ip_address"] = ip_address(
                        tunnel_dst + i * addr_incr
                    )
                    papi_exec.add(cmd3, history=history, **args3)
            papi_exec.get_replies(err_msg)

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_add_spd(node, spd_id):
        """Create Security Policy Database on the VPP node.

        :param node: VPP node to add SPD on.
        :param spd_id: SPD ID.
        :type node: dict
        :type spd_id: int
        """
        cmd = u"ipsec_spd_add_del"
        err_msg = f"Failed to add Security Policy Database " \
            f"on host {node[u'host']}"
        args = dict(
            is_add=True,
            spd_id=int(spd_id)
        )
        with PapiSocketExecutor(node) as papi_exec:
            papi_exec.add(cmd, **args).get_reply(err_msg)

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_spd_add_if(node, spd_id, interface):
        """Add interface to the Security Policy Database.

        :param node: VPP node.
        :param spd_id: SPD ID to add interface on.
        :param interface: Interface name or sw_if_index.
        :type node: dict
        :type spd_id: int
        :type interface: str or int
        """
        cmd = u"ipsec_interface_add_del_spd"
        err_msg = f"Failed to add interface {interface} to Security Policy " \
            f"Database {spd_id} on host {node[u'host']}"
        args = dict(
            is_add=True,
            sw_if_index=InterfaceUtil.get_interface_index(node, interface),
            spd_id=int(spd_id)
        )
        with PapiSocketExecutor(node) as papi_exec:
            papi_exec.add(cmd, **args).get_reply(err_msg)

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_policy_add(
            node, spd_id, priority, action, inbound=True, sa_id=None,
            laddr_range=None, raddr_range=None, proto=None, lport_range=None,
            rport_range=None, is_ipv6=False):
        """Create Security Policy Database entry on the VPP node.

        :param node: VPP node to add SPD entry on.
        :param spd_id: SPD ID to add entry on.
        :param priority: SPD entry priority, higher number = higher priority.
        :param action: Policy action.
        :param inbound: If True policy is for inbound traffic, otherwise
            outbound.
        :param sa_id: SAD entry ID for protect action.
        :param laddr_range: Policy selector local IPv4 or IPv6 address range in
            format IP/prefix or IP/mask. If no mask is provided,
            it's considered to be /32.
        :param raddr_range: Policy selector remote IPv4 or IPv6 address range in
            format IP/prefix or IP/mask. If no mask is provided,
            it's considered to be /32.
        :param proto: Policy selector next layer protocol number.
        :param lport_range: Policy selector local TCP/UDP port range in format
            <port_start>-<port_end>.
        :param rport_range: Policy selector remote TCP/UDP port range in format
            <port_start>-<port_end>.
        :param is_ipv6: True in case of IPv6 policy when IPv6 address range is
            not defined so it will default to address ::/0, otherwise False.
        :type node: dict
        :type spd_id: int
        :type priority: int
        :type action: PolicyAction
        :type inbound: bool
        :type sa_id: int
        :type laddr_range: string
        :type raddr_range: string
        :type proto: int
        :type lport_range: string
        :type rport_range: string
        :type is_ipv6: bool
        """
        if laddr_range is None:
            laddr_range = u"::/0" if is_ipv6 else u"0.0.0.0/0"

        if raddr_range is None:
            raddr_range = u"::/0" if is_ipv6 else u"0.0.0.0/0"

        cmd = u"ipsec_spd_entry_add_del"
        err_msg = f"Failed to add entry to Security Policy Database {spd_id} " \
            f"on host {node[u'host']}"

        spd_entry = dict(
            spd_id=int(spd_id),
            priority=int(priority),
            is_outbound=not inbound,
            sa_id=int(sa_id) if sa_id else 0,
            policy=action.policy_int_repr,
            protocol=int(proto) if proto else 0,
            remote_address_start=IPAddress.create_ip_address_object(
                ip_network(raddr_range, strict=False).network_address
            ),
            remote_address_stop=IPAddress.create_ip_address_object(
                ip_network(raddr_range, strict=False).broadcast_address
            ),
            local_address_start=IPAddress.create_ip_address_object(
                ip_network(laddr_range, strict=False).network_address
            ),
            local_address_stop=IPAddress.create_ip_address_object(
                ip_network(laddr_range, strict=False).broadcast_address
            ),
            remote_port_start=int(rport_range.split(u"-")[0]) if rport_range
            else 0,
            remote_port_stop=int(rport_range.split(u"-")[1]) if rport_range
            else 65535,
            local_port_start=int(lport_range.split(u"-")[0]) if lport_range
            else 0,
            local_port_stop=int(lport_range.split(u"-")[1]) if rport_range
            else 65535
        )
        args = dict(
            is_add=True,
            entry=spd_entry
        )
        with PapiSocketExecutor(node) as papi_exec:
            papi_exec.add(cmd, **args).get_reply(err_msg)

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_spd_add_entries(
            node, n_entries, spd_id, priority, inbound, sa_id, raddr_ip,
            raddr_range=0):
        """Create multiple Security Policy Database entries on the VPP node.

        :param node: VPP node to add SPD entries on.
        :param n_entries: Number of SPD entries to be added.
        :param spd_id: SPD ID to add entries on.
        :param priority: SPD entries priority, higher number = higher priority.
        :param inbound: If True policy is for inbound traffic, otherwise
            outbound.
        :param sa_id: SAD entry ID for first entry. Each subsequent entry will
            SAD entry ID incremented by 1.
        :param raddr_ip: Policy selector remote IPv4 start address for the first
            entry. Remote IPv4 end address will be calculated depending on
            raddr_range parameter. Each subsequent entry will have start address
            next after IPv4 end address of previous entry.
        :param raddr_range: Required IP addres range.
        :type node: dict
        :type n_entries: int
        :type spd_id: int
        :type priority: int
        :type inbound: bool
        :type sa_id: int
        :type raddr_ip: str
        :type raddr_range: int
        """
        raddr_ip = ip_address(raddr_ip)
        if int(n_entries) > 10:
            tmp_filename = f"/tmp/ipsec_spd_{sa_id}_add_del_entry.script"

            with open(tmp_filename, 'w') as tmp_file:
                for i in range(n_entries):
                    direction = u'inbound' if inbound else u'outbound'
                    tunnel = f"exec ipsec policy add spd {spd_id} " \
                        f"priority {priority} {direction} " \
                        f"action protect sa {sa_id+i} " \
                        f"remote-ip-range {raddr_ip + i * (raddr_range + 1)} " \
                        f"- {raddr_ip + (i  + 1) * raddr_range + i} " \
                        f"local-ip-range 0.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255\n"
                    tmp_file.write(tunnel)
            VatExecutor().execute_script(
                tmp_filename, node, timeout=300, json_out=False,
                copy_on_execute=True
            )
            os.remove(tmp_filename)
            return

        laddr_range = u"::/0" if raddr_ip.version == 6 else u"0.0.0.0/0"

        cmd = u"ipsec_spd_entry_add_del"
        err_msg = f"ailed to add entry to Security Policy Database '{spd_id} " \
            f"on host {node[u'host']}"

        spd_entry = dict(
            spd_id=int(spd_id),
            priority=int(priority),
            is_outbound=not inbound,
            sa_id=int(sa_id) if sa_id else 0,
            policy=getattr(PolicyAction.PROTECT, u"policy_int_repr"),
            protocol=0,
            remote_address_start=IPAddress.create_ip_address_object(raddr_ip),
            remote_address_stop=IPAddress.create_ip_address_object(raddr_ip),
            local_address_start=IPAddress.create_ip_address_object(
                ip_network(laddr_range, strict=False).network_address
            ),
            local_address_stop=IPAddress.create_ip_address_object(
                ip_network(laddr_range, strict=False).broadcast_address
            ),
            remote_port_start=0,
            remote_port_stop=65535,
            local_port_start=0,
            local_port_stop=65535
        )
        args = dict(
            is_add=True,
            entry=spd_entry
        )

        with PapiSocketExecutor(node) as papi_exec:
            for i in range(n_entries):
                args[u"entry"][u"remote_address_start"][u"un"] = \
                    IPAddress.union_addr(raddr_ip + i)
                args[u"entry"][u"remote_address_stop"][u"un"] = \
                    IPAddress.union_addr(raddr_ip + i)
                history = bool(not 1 < i < n_entries - 2)
                papi_exec.add(cmd, history=history, **args)
            papi_exec.get_replies(err_msg)

    @staticmethod
    def _ipsec_create_tunnel_interfaces_dut1_vat(
            nodes, tun_ips, if1_key, if2_key, n_tunnels, crypto_alg, integ_alg,
            raddr_ip2, addr_incr, spi_d, existing_tunnels=0):
        """Create multiple IPsec tunnel interfaces on DUT1 node using VAT.

        Generate random keys and return them (so DUT2 or TG can decrypt).

        :param nodes: VPP nodes to create tunnel interfaces.
        :param tun_ips: Dictionary with VPP node 1 ipsec tunnel interface
            IPv4/IPv6 address (ip1) and VPP node 2 ipsec tunnel interface
            IPv4/IPv6 address (ip2).
        :param if1_key: VPP node 1 interface key from topology file.
        :param if2_key: VPP node 2 / TG node (in case of 2-node topology)
            interface key from topology file.
        :param n_tunnels: Number of tunnel interfaces to be there at the end.
        :param crypto_alg: The encryption algorithm name.
        :param integ_alg: The integrity algorithm name.
        :param raddr_ip2: Policy selector remote IPv4/IPv6 start address for the
            first tunnel in direction node2->node1.
        :param spi_d: Dictionary with SPIs for VPP node 1 and VPP node 2.
        :param addr_incr: IP / IPv6 address incremental step.
        :param existing_tunnels: Number of tunnel interfaces before creation.
            Useful mainly for reconf tests. Default 0.
        :type nodes: dict
        :type tun_ips: dict
        :type if1_key: str
        :type if2_key: str
        :type n_tunnels: int
        :type crypto_alg: CryptoAlg
        :type integ_alg: Optional[IntegAlg]
        :type raddr_ip2: IPv4Address or IPv6Address
        :type addr_incr: int
        :type spi_d: dict
        :type existing_tunnels: int
        :returns: Generated ckeys and ikeys.
        :rtype: List[bytes], List[bytes]
        """
        tmp_fn1 = u"/tmp/ipsec_create_tunnel_dut1.config"
        if1_n = Topology.get_interface_name(nodes[u"DUT1"], if1_key)

        ckeys = [bytes()] * existing_tunnels
        ikeys = [bytes()] * existing_tunnels

        vat = VatExecutor()
        with open(tmp_fn1, u"w") as tmp_f1:
            rmac = Topology.get_interface_mac(nodes[u"DUT2"], if2_key) \
                if u"DUT2" in nodes.keys() \
                else Topology.get_interface_mac(nodes[u"TG"], if2_key)
            if not existing_tunnels:
                tmp_f1.write(
                    f"exec create loopback interface\n"
                    f"exec set interface state loop0 up\n"
                    f"exec set interface ip address {if1_n} "
                    f"{tun_ips[u'ip2'] - 1}/"
                    f"{len(tun_ips[u'ip2'].packed)*8*3//4}\n"
                    f"exec set ip neighbor {if1_n} {tun_ips[u'ip2']} {rmac} "
                    f"static\n"
                )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                ckeys.append(
                    gen_key(IPsecUtil.get_crypto_alg_key_len(crypto_alg))
                )
                ikeys.append(
                    gen_key(IPsecUtil.get_integ_alg_key_len(integ_alg))
                )
                if integ_alg:
                    integ = f"integ-alg {integ_alg.alg_name} " \
                        f"integ-key {ikeys[i].hex()} "
                else:
                    integ = u""
                tmp_f1.write(
                    f"exec set interface ip address loop0 "
                    f"{tun_ips[u'ip1'] + i * addr_incr}/32\n"
                    f"exec create ipip tunnel "
                    f"src {tun_ips[u'ip1'] + i * addr_incr} "
                    f"dst {tun_ips[u'ip2']} "
                    f"p2p\n"
                    f"exec ipsec sa add {i} "
                    f"spi {spi_d[u'spi_1'] + i} "
                    f"crypto-alg {crypto_alg.alg_name} "
                    f"crypto-key {ckeys[i].hex()} "
                    f"{integ}"
                    f"esp\n"
                    f"exec ipsec sa add {100000 + i} "
                    f"spi {spi_d[u'spi_2'] + i} "
                    f"crypto-alg {crypto_alg.alg_name} "
                    f"crypto-key {ckeys[i].hex()} "
                    f"{integ}"
                    f"esp\n"
                    f"exec ipsec tunnel protect ipip{i} "
                    f"sa-out {i} "
                    f"sa-in {100000 + i} "
                    f"add\n"
                )
        vat.execute_script(
            tmp_fn1, nodes[u"DUT1"], timeout=1800, json_out=False,
            copy_on_execute=True,
            history=bool(n_tunnels < 100)
        )
        os.remove(tmp_fn1)

        with open(tmp_fn1, 'w') as tmp_f1:
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                tmp_f1.write(
                    f"exec set interface unnumbered ipip{i} use {if1_n}\n"
                    f"exec set interface state ipip{i} up\n"
                    f"exec ip route add "
                    f"{raddr_ip2 + i}/{len(raddr_ip2.packed)*8} "
                    f"via ipip{i}\n"
                )
        vat.execute_script(
            tmp_fn1, nodes[u"DUT1"], timeout=1800, json_out=False,
            copy_on_execute=True,
            history=bool(n_tunnels < 100)
        )
        os.remove(tmp_fn1)

        return ckeys, ikeys

    @staticmethod
    def _ipsec_create_tunnel_interfaces_dut2_vat(
            nodes, tun_ips, if2_key, n_tunnels, crypto_alg, ckeys, integ_alg,
            ikeys, raddr_ip1, addr_incr, spi_d, existing_tunnels=0):
        """Create multiple IPsec tunnel interfaces on DUT2 node using VAT.

        This method accesses keys generated by DUT1 method
        and does not return anything.

        :param nodes: VPP nodes to create tunnel interfaces.
        :param tun_ips: Dictionary with VPP node 1 ipsec tunnel interface
            IPv4/IPv6 address (ip1) and VPP node 2 ipsec tunnel interface
            IPv4/IPv6 address (ip2).
        :param if2_key: VPP node 2 / TG node (in case of 2-node topology)
            interface key from topology file.
        :param n_tunnels: Number of tunnel interfaces to be there at the end.
        :param crypto_alg: The encryption algorithm name.
        :param ckeys: List of encryption keys.
        :param integ_alg: The integrity algorithm name.
        :param ikeys: List of integrity keys.
        :param spi_d: Dictionary with SPIs for VPP node 1 and VPP node 2.
        :param addr_incr: IP / IPv6 address incremental step.
        :param existing_tunnels: Number of tunnel interfaces before creation.
            Useful mainly for reconf tests. Default 0.
        :type nodes: dict
        :type tun_ips: dict
        :type if2_key: str
        :type n_tunnels: int
        :type crypto_alg: CryptoAlg
        :type ckeys: Sequence[bytes]
        :type integ_alg: Optional[IntegAlg]
        :type ikeys: Sequence[bytes]
        :type addr_incr: int
        :type spi_d: dict
        :type existing_tunnels: int
        """
        tmp_fn2 = u"/tmp/ipsec_create_tunnel_dut2.config"
        if2_n = Topology.get_interface_name(nodes[u"DUT2"], if2_key)

        vat = VatExecutor()
        with open(tmp_fn2, 'w') as tmp_f2:
            if not existing_tunnels:
                tmp_f2.write(
                    f"exec set interface ip address {if2_n}"
                    f" {tun_ips[u'ip2']}/{len(tun_ips[u'ip2'].packed)*8*3/4}\n"
                )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                if integ_alg:
                    integ = f"integ-alg {integ_alg.alg_name} " \
                        f"integ-key {ikeys[i].hex()} "
                else:
                    integ = u""
                tmp_f2.write(
                    f"exec create ipip tunnel "
                    f"src {tun_ips[u'ip2']} "
                    f"dst {tun_ips[u'ip1'] + i * addr_incr} "
                    f"p2p\n"
                    f"exec ipsec sa add {100000 + i} "
                    f"spi {spi_d[u'spi_2'] + i} "
                    f"crypto-alg {crypto_alg.alg_name} "
                    f"crypto-key {ckeys[i].hex()} "
                    f"{integ}"
                    f"esp\n"
                    f"exec ipsec sa add {i} "
                    f"spi {spi_d[u'spi_1'] + i} "
                    f"crypto-alg {crypto_alg.alg_name} "
                    f"crypto-key {ckeys[i].hex()} "
                    f"{integ}"
                    f"esp\n"
                    f"exec ipsec tunnel protect ipip{i} "
                    f"sa-out {100000 + i} "
                    f"sa-in {i} "
                    f"add\n"
                )
        vat.execute_script(
            tmp_fn2, nodes[u"DUT2"], timeout=1800, json_out=False,
            copy_on_execute=True,
            history=bool(n_tunnels < 100)
        )
        os.remove(tmp_fn2)

        with open(tmp_fn2, 'w') as tmp_f2:
            if not existing_tunnels:
                tmp_f2.write(
                    f"exec ip route add {tun_ips[u'ip1']}/8 "
                    f"via {tun_ips[u'ip2'] - 1} {if2_n}\n"
                )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                tmp_f2.write(
                    f"exec set interface unnumbered ipip{i} use {if2_n}\n"
                    f"exec set interface state ipip{i} up\n"
                    f"exec ip route add "
                    f"{raddr_ip1 + i}/{len(raddr_ip1.packed)*8} "
                    f"via ipip{i}\n"
                )
        vat.execute_script(
            tmp_fn2, nodes[u"DUT2"], timeout=1800, json_out=False,
            copy_on_execute=True,
            history=bool(n_tunnels < 100)
        )
        os.remove(tmp_fn2)

    @staticmethod
    def _ipsec_create_loopback_dut1_papi(nodes, tun_ips, if1_key, if2_key):
        """Create loopback interface and set IP address on VPP node 1 interface
        using PAPI.

        :param nodes: VPP nodes to create tunnel interfaces.
        :param tun_ips: Dictionary with VPP node 1 ipsec tunnel interface
            IPv4/IPv6 address (ip1) and VPP node 2 ipsec tunnel interface
            IPv4/IPv6 address (ip2).
        :param if1_key: VPP node 1 interface key from topology file.
        :param if2_key: VPP node 2 / TG node (in case of 2-node topology)
            interface key from topology file.
        :type nodes: dict
        :type tun_ips: dict
        :type if1_key: str
        :type if2_key: str
        """
        with PapiSocketExecutor(nodes[u"DUT1"]) as papi_exec:
            # Create loopback interface on DUT1, set it to up state
            cmd = u"create_loopback_instance"
            args = dict(
                mac_address=0,
                is_specified=False,
                user_instance=0,
            )
            err_msg = f"Failed to create loopback interface " \
                f"on host {nodes[u'DUT1'][u'host']}"
            loop_sw_if_idx = papi_exec.add(cmd, **args). \
                get_sw_if_index(err_msg)
            cmd = u"sw_interface_set_flags"
            args = dict(
                sw_if_index=loop_sw_if_idx,
                flags=InterfaceStatusFlags.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_ADMIN_UP.value
            )
            err_msg = f"Failed to set loopback interface state up " \
                f"on host {nodes[u'DUT1'][u'host']}"
            papi_exec.add(cmd, **args).get_reply(err_msg)
            # Set IP address on VPP node 1 interface
            cmd = u"sw_interface_add_del_address"
            args = dict(
                sw_if_index=InterfaceUtil.get_interface_index(
                    nodes[u"DUT1"], if1_key
                ),
                is_add=True,
                del_all=False,
                prefix=IPUtil.create_prefix_object(
                    tun_ips[u"ip2"] - 1, 96 if tun_ips[u"ip2"].version == 6
                    else 24
                )
            )
            err_msg = f"Failed to set IP address on interface {if1_key} " \
                f"on host {nodes[u'DUT1'][u'host']}"
            papi_exec.add(cmd, **args).get_reply(err_msg)
            cmd2 = u"ip_neighbor_add_del"
            args2 = dict(
                is_add=1,
                neighbor=dict(
                    sw_if_index=Topology.get_interface_sw_index(
                        nodes[u"DUT1"], if1_key
                    ),
                    flags=1,
                    mac_address=str(
                        Topology.get_interface_mac(nodes[u"DUT2"], if2_key)
                        if u"DUT2" in nodes.keys()
                        else Topology.get_interface_mac(
                            nodes[u"TG"], if2_key
                        )
                    ),
                    ip_address=tun_ips[u"ip2"].compressed
                )
            )
            err_msg = f"Failed to add IP neighbor on interface {if1_key}"
            papi_exec.add(cmd2, **args2).get_reply(err_msg)

            return loop_sw_if_idx

    @staticmethod
    def _ipsec_create_tunnel_interfaces_dut1_papi(
            nodes, tun_ips, if1_key, if2_key, n_tunnels, crypto_alg, integ_alg,
            raddr_ip2, addr_incr, spi_d, existing_tunnels=0):
        """Create multiple IPsec tunnel interfaces on DUT1 node using PAPI.

        Generate random keys and return them (so DUT2 or TG can decrypt).

        :param nodes: VPP nodes to create tunnel interfaces.
        :param tun_ips: Dictionary with VPP node 1 ipsec tunnel interface
            IPv4/IPv6 address (ip1) and VPP node 2 ipsec tunnel interface
            IPv4/IPv6 address (ip2).
        :param if1_key: VPP node 1 interface key from topology file.
        :param if2_key: VPP node 2 / TG node (in case of 2-node topology)
            interface key from topology file.
        :param n_tunnels: Number of tunnel interfaces to be there at the end.
        :param crypto_alg: The encryption algorithm name.
        :param integ_alg: The integrity algorithm name.
        :param raddr_ip2: Policy selector remote IPv4/IPv6 start address for the
            first tunnel in direction node2->node1.
        :param spi_d: Dictionary with SPIs for VPP node 1 and VPP node 2.
        :param addr_incr: IP / IPv6 address incremental step.
        :param existing_tunnels: Number of tunnel interfaces before creation.
            Useful mainly for reconf tests. Default 0.
        :type nodes: dict
        :type tun_ips: dict
        :type if1_key: str
        :type if2_key: str
        :type n_tunnels: int
        :type crypto_alg: CryptoAlg
        :type integ_alg: Optional[IntegAlg]
        :type raddr_ip2: IPv4Address or IPv6Address
        :type addr_incr: int
        :type spi_d: dict
        :type existing_tunnels: int
        :returns: Generated ckeys and ikeys.
        :rtype: List[bytes], List[bytes]
        """
        if not existing_tunnels:
            loop_sw_if_idx = IPsecUtil._ipsec_create_loopback_dut1_papi(
                nodes, tun_ips, if1_key, if2_key
            )
        else:
            loop_sw_if_idx = InterfaceUtil.vpp_get_interface_sw_index(
                nodes[u"DUT1"], u"loop0"
            )
        with PapiSocketExecutor(nodes[u"DUT1"]) as papi_exec:
            # Configure IP addresses on loop0 interface
            cmd = u"sw_interface_add_del_address"
            args = dict(
                sw_if_index=loop_sw_if_idx,
                is_add=True,
                del_all=False,
                prefix=None
            )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                args[u"prefix"] = IPUtil.create_prefix_object(
                    tun_ips[u"ip1"] + i * addr_incr,
                    128 if tun_ips[u"ip1"].version == 6 else 32
                )
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            # Configure IPIP tunnel interfaces
            cmd = u"ipip_add_tunnel"
            ipip_tunnel = dict(
                instance=Constants.BITWISE_NON_ZERO,
                src=None,
                dst=None,
                table_id=0,
                flags=int(
                    TunnelEncpaDecapFlags.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE
                ),
                mode=int(TunnelMode.TUNNEL_API_MODE_P2P),
                dscp=int(IpDscp.IP_API_DSCP_CS0)
            )
            args = dict(
                tunnel=ipip_tunnel
            )
            ipip_tunnels = [None] * existing_tunnels
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                args[u"tunnel"][u"src"] = IPAddress.create_ip_address_object(
                    tun_ips[u"ip1"] + i * addr_incr
                )
                args[u"tunnel"][u"dst"] = IPAddress.create_ip_address_object(
                    tun_ips[u"ip2"]
                )
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            err_msg = f"Failed to add IPIP tunnel interfaces on host" \
                f" {nodes[u'DUT1'][u'host']}"
            ipip_tunnels.extend(
                [
                    reply[u"sw_if_index"]
                    for reply in papi_exec.get_replies(err_msg)
                    if u"sw_if_index" in reply
                ]
            )
            # Configure IPSec SAD entries
            ckeys = [bytes()] * existing_tunnels
            ikeys = [bytes()] * existing_tunnels
            cmd = u"ipsec_sad_entry_add_del_v2"
            c_key = dict(
                length=0,
                data=None
            )
            i_key = dict(
                length=0,
                data=None
            )
            sad_entry = dict(
                sad_id=None,
                spi=None,
                protocol=int(IPsecProto.IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP),
                crypto_algorithm=crypto_alg.alg_int_repr,
                crypto_key=c_key,
                integrity_algorithm=integ_alg.alg_int_repr if integ_alg else 0,
                integrity_key=i_key,
                flags=None,
                tunnel_src=0,
                tunnel_dst=0,
                tunnel_flags=int(
                    TunnelEncpaDecapFlags.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE
                ),
                dscp=int(IpDscp.IP_API_DSCP_CS0),
                table_id=0,
                salt=0,
                udp_src_port=IPSEC_UDP_PORT_NONE,
                udp_dst_port=IPSEC_UDP_PORT_NONE
            )
            args = dict(
                is_add=True,
                entry=sad_entry
            )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                ckeys.append(
                    gen_key(IPsecUtil.get_crypto_alg_key_len(crypto_alg))
                )
                ikeys.append(
                    gen_key(IPsecUtil.get_integ_alg_key_len(integ_alg))
                )
                # SAD entry for outband / tx path
                args[u"entry"][u"sad_id"] = i
                args[u"entry"][u"spi"] = spi_d[u"spi_1"] + i

                args[u"entry"][u"crypto_key"][u"length"] = len(ckeys[i])
                args[u"entry"][u"crypto_key"][u"data"] = ckeys[i]
                if integ_alg:
                    args[u"entry"][u"integrity_key"][u"length"] = len(ikeys[i])
                    args[u"entry"][u"integrity_key"][u"data"] = ikeys[i]
                args[u"entry"][u"flags"] = int(
                    IPsecSadFlags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_NONE
                )
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
                # SAD entry for inband / rx path
                args[u"entry"][u"sad_id"] = 100000 + i
                args[u"entry"][u"spi"] = spi_d[u"spi_2"] + i

                args[u"entry"][u"crypto_key"][u"length"] = len(ckeys[i])
                args[u"entry"][u"crypto_key"][u"data"] = ckeys[i]
                if integ_alg:
                    args[u"entry"][u"integrity_key"][u"length"] = len(ikeys[i])
                    args[u"entry"][u"integrity_key"][u"data"] = ikeys[i]
                args[u"entry"][u"flags"] = int(
                    IPsecSadFlags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_NONE |
                    IPsecSadFlags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_IS_INBOUND
                )
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            err_msg = f"Failed to add IPsec SAD entries on host" \
                f" {nodes[u'DUT1'][u'host']}"
            papi_exec.get_replies(err_msg)
            # Add protection for tunnels with IPSEC
            cmd = u"ipsec_tunnel_protect_update"
            n_hop = dict(
                address=0,
                via_label=MPLS_LABEL_INVALID,
                obj_id=Constants.BITWISE_NON_ZERO
            )
            ipsec_tunnel_protect = dict(
                sw_if_index=None,
                nh=n_hop,
                sa_out=None,
                n_sa_in=1,
                sa_in=None
            )
            args = dict(
                tunnel=ipsec_tunnel_protect
            )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                args[u"tunnel"][u"sw_if_index"] = ipip_tunnels[i]
                args[u"tunnel"][u"sa_out"] = i
                args[u"tunnel"][u"sa_in"] = [100000 + i]
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            err_msg = f"Failed to add protection for tunnels with IPSEC " \
                f"on host {nodes[u'DUT1'][u'host']}"
            papi_exec.get_replies(err_msg)

            # Configure unnumbered interfaces
            cmd = u"sw_interface_set_unnumbered"
            args = dict(
                is_add=True,
                sw_if_index=InterfaceUtil.get_interface_index(
                    nodes[u"DUT1"], if1_key
                ),
                unnumbered_sw_if_index=0
            )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                args[u"unnumbered_sw_if_index"] = ipip_tunnels[i]
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            # Set interfaces up
            cmd = u"sw_interface_set_flags"
            args = dict(
                sw_if_index=0,
                flags=InterfaceStatusFlags.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_ADMIN_UP.value
            )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                args[u"sw_if_index"] = ipip_tunnels[i]
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            # Configure IP routes
            cmd = u"ip_route_add_del"
            args = dict(
                is_add=1,
                is_multipath=0,
                route=None
            )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                args[u"route"] = IPUtil.compose_vpp_route_structure(
                    nodes[u"DUT1"], (raddr_ip2 + i).compressed,
                    prefix_len=128 if raddr_ip2.version == 6 else 32,
                    interface=ipip_tunnels[i]
                )
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            err_msg = f"Failed to add IP routes on host " \
                f"{nodes[u'DUT1'][u'host']}"
            papi_exec.get_replies(err_msg)

        return ckeys, ikeys

    @staticmethod
    def _ipsec_create_tunnel_interfaces_dut2_papi(
            nodes, tun_ips, if2_key, n_tunnels, crypto_alg, ckeys, integ_alg,
            ikeys, raddr_ip1, addr_incr, spi_d, existing_tunnels=0):
        """Create multiple IPsec tunnel interfaces on DUT2 node using PAPI.

        This method accesses keys generated by DUT1 method
        and does not return anything.

        :param nodes: VPP nodes to create tunnel interfaces.
        :param tun_ips: Dictionary with VPP node 1 ipsec tunnel interface
            IPv4/IPv6 address (ip1) and VPP node 2 ipsec tunnel interface
            IPv4/IPv6 address (ip2).
        :param if2_key: VPP node 2 / TG node (in case of 2-node topology)
            interface key from topology file.
        :param n_tunnels: Number of tunnel interfaces to be there at the end.
        :param crypto_alg: The encryption algorithm name.
        :param ckeys: List of encryption keys.
        :param integ_alg: The integrity algorithm name.
        :param ikeys: List of integrity keys.
        :param spi_d: Dictionary with SPIs for VPP node 1 and VPP node 2.
        :param addr_incr: IP / IPv6 address incremental step.
        :param existing_tunnels: Number of tunnel interfaces before creation.
            Useful mainly for reconf tests. Default 0.
        :type nodes: dict
        :type tun_ips: dict
        :type if2_key: str
        :type n_tunnels: int
        :type crypto_alg: CryptoAlg
        :type ckeys: Sequence[bytes]
        :type integ_alg: Optional[IntegAlg]
        :type ikeys: Sequence[bytes]
        :type addr_incr: int
        :type spi_d: dict
        :type existing_tunnels: int
        """
        with PapiSocketExecutor(nodes[u"DUT2"]) as papi_exec:
            if not existing_tunnels:
                # Set IP address on VPP node 2 interface
                cmd = u"sw_interface_add_del_address"
                args = dict(
                    sw_if_index=InterfaceUtil.get_interface_index(
                        nodes[u"DUT2"], if2_key
                    ),
                    is_add=True,
                    del_all=False,
                    prefix=IPUtil.create_prefix_object(
                        tun_ips[u"ip2"], 96 if tun_ips[u"ip2"].version == 6
                        else 24
                    )
                )
                err_msg = f"Failed to set IP address on interface {if2_key} " \
                    f"on host {nodes[u'DUT2'][u'host']}"
                papi_exec.add(cmd, **args).get_reply(err_msg)
            # Configure IPIP tunnel interfaces
            cmd = u"ipip_add_tunnel"
            ipip_tunnel = dict(
                instance=Constants.BITWISE_NON_ZERO,
                src=None,
                dst=None,
                table_id=0,
                flags=int(
                    TunnelEncpaDecapFlags.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE
                ),
                mode=int(TunnelMode.TUNNEL_API_MODE_P2P),
                dscp=int(IpDscp.IP_API_DSCP_CS0)
            )
            args = dict(
                tunnel=ipip_tunnel
            )
            ipip_tunnels = [None] * existing_tunnels
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                args[u"tunnel"][u"src"] = IPAddress.create_ip_address_object(
                    tun_ips[u"ip2"]
                )
                args[u"tunnel"][u"dst"] = IPAddress.create_ip_address_object(
                    tun_ips[u"ip1"] + i * addr_incr
                )
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            err_msg = f"Failed to add IPIP tunnel interfaces on host" \
                f" {nodes[u'DUT2'][u'host']}"
            ipip_tunnels.extend(
                [
                    reply[u"sw_if_index"]
                    for reply in papi_exec.get_replies(err_msg)
                    if u"sw_if_index" in reply
                ]
            )
            # Configure IPSec SAD entries
            cmd = u"ipsec_sad_entry_add_del_v2"
            c_key = dict(
                length=0,
                data=None
            )
            i_key = dict(
                length=0,
                data=None
            )
            sad_entry = dict(
                sad_id=None,
                spi=None,
                protocol=int(IPsecProto.IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP),

                crypto_algorithm=crypto_alg.alg_int_repr,
                crypto_key=c_key,
                integrity_algorithm=integ_alg.alg_int_repr if integ_alg else 0,
                integrity_key=i_key,

                flags=None,
                tunnel_src=0,
                tunnel_dst=0,
                tunnel_flags=int(
                    TunnelEncpaDecapFlags.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE
                ),
                dscp=int(IpDscp.IP_API_DSCP_CS0),
                table_id=0,
                salt=0,
                udp_src_port=IPSEC_UDP_PORT_NONE,
                udp_dst_port=IPSEC_UDP_PORT_NONE
            )
            args = dict(
                is_add=True,
                entry=sad_entry
            )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                ckeys.append(
                    gen_key(IPsecUtil.get_crypto_alg_key_len(crypto_alg))
                )
                ikeys.append(
                    gen_key(IPsecUtil.get_integ_alg_key_len(integ_alg))
                )
                # SAD entry for outband / tx path
                args[u"entry"][u"sad_id"] = 100000 + i
                args[u"entry"][u"spi"] = spi_d[u"spi_2"] + i

                args[u"entry"][u"crypto_key"][u"length"] = len(ckeys[i])
                args[u"entry"][u"crypto_key"][u"data"] = ckeys[i]
                if integ_alg:
                    args[u"entry"][u"integrity_key"][u"length"] = len(ikeys[i])
                    args[u"entry"][u"integrity_key"][u"data"] = ikeys[i]
                args[u"entry"][u"flags"] = int(
                    IPsecSadFlags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_NONE
                )
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
                # SAD entry for inband / rx path
                args[u"entry"][u"sad_id"] = i
                args[u"entry"][u"spi"] = spi_d[u"spi_1"] + i

                args[u"entry"][u"crypto_key"][u"length"] = len(ckeys[i])
                args[u"entry"][u"crypto_key"][u"data"] = ckeys[i]
                if integ_alg:
                    args[u"entry"][u"integrity_key"][u"length"] = len(ikeys[i])
                    args[u"entry"][u"integrity_key"][u"data"] = ikeys[i]
                args[u"entry"][u"flags"] = int(
                    IPsecSadFlags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_NONE |
                    IPsecSadFlags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_IS_INBOUND
                )
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            err_msg = f"Failed to add IPsec SAD entries on host" \
                f" {nodes[u'DUT2'][u'host']}"
            papi_exec.get_replies(err_msg)
            # Add protection for tunnels with IPSEC
            cmd = u"ipsec_tunnel_protect_update"
            n_hop = dict(
                address=0,
                via_label=MPLS_LABEL_INVALID,
                obj_id=Constants.BITWISE_NON_ZERO
            )
            ipsec_tunnel_protect = dict(
                sw_if_index=None,
                nh=n_hop,
                sa_out=None,
                n_sa_in=1,
                sa_in=None
            )
            args = dict(
                tunnel=ipsec_tunnel_protect
            )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                args[u"tunnel"][u"sw_if_index"] = ipip_tunnels[i]
                args[u"tunnel"][u"sa_out"] = 100000 + i
                args[u"tunnel"][u"sa_in"] = [i]
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            err_msg = f"Failed to add protection for tunnels with IPSEC " \
                f"on host {nodes[u'DUT2'][u'host']}"
            papi_exec.get_replies(err_msg)

            if not existing_tunnels:
                # Configure IP route
                cmd = u"ip_route_add_del"
                route = IPUtil.compose_vpp_route_structure(
                    nodes[u"DUT2"], tun_ips[u"ip1"].compressed,
                    prefix_len=32 if tun_ips[u"ip1"].version == 6 else 8,
                    interface=if2_key,
                    gateway=(tun_ips[u"ip2"] - 1).compressed
                )
                args = dict(
                    is_add=1,
                    is_multipath=0,
                    route=route
                )
                papi_exec.add(cmd, **args)
            # Configure unnumbered interfaces
            cmd = u"sw_interface_set_unnumbered"
            args = dict(
                is_add=True,
                sw_if_index=InterfaceUtil.get_interface_index(
                    nodes[u"DUT2"], if2_key
                ),
                unnumbered_sw_if_index=0
            )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                args[u"unnumbered_sw_if_index"] = ipip_tunnels[i]
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            # Set interfaces up
            cmd = u"sw_interface_set_flags"
            args = dict(
                sw_if_index=0,
                flags=InterfaceStatusFlags.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_ADMIN_UP.value
            )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                args[u"sw_if_index"] = ipip_tunnels[i]
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            # Configure IP routes
            cmd = u"ip_route_add_del"
            args = dict(
                is_add=1,
                is_multipath=0,
                route=None
            )
            for i in range(existing_tunnels, n_tunnels):
                args[u"route"] = IPUtil.compose_vpp_route_structure(
                    nodes[u"DUT1"], (raddr_ip1 + i).compressed,
                    prefix_len=128 if raddr_ip1.version == 6 else 32,
                    interface=ipip_tunnels[i]
                )
                papi_exec.add(
                    cmd, history=bool(not 1 < i < n_tunnels - 2), **args
                )
            err_msg = f"Failed to add IP routes " \
                f"on host {nodes[u'DUT2'][u'host']}"
            papi_exec.get_replies(err_msg)

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_create_tunnel_interfaces(
            nodes, tun_if1_ip_addr, tun_if2_ip_addr, if1_key, if2_key,
            n_tunnels, crypto_alg, integ_alg, raddr_ip1, raddr_ip2, raddr_range,
            existing_tunnels=0, return_keys=False):
        """Create multiple IPsec tunnel interfaces between two VPP nodes.

        Some deployments (e.g. devicetest) need to know the generated keys.
        But other deployments (e.g. scale perf test) would get spammed
        if we returned keys every time.

        :param nodes: VPP nodes to create tunnel interfaces.
        :param tun_if1_ip_addr: VPP node 1 ipsec tunnel interface IPv4/IPv6
            address.
        :param tun_if2_ip_addr: VPP node 2 ipsec tunnel interface IPv4/IPv6
            address.
        :param if1_key: VPP node 1 interface key from topology file.
        :param if2_key: VPP node 2 / TG node (in case of 2-node topology)
            interface key from topology file.
        :param n_tunnels: Number of tunnel interfaces to be there at the end.
        :param crypto_alg: The encryption algorithm name.
        :param integ_alg: The integrity algorithm name.
        :param raddr_ip1: Policy selector remote IPv4/IPv6 start address for the
            first tunnel in direction node1->node2.
        :param raddr_ip2: Policy selector remote IPv4/IPv6 start address for the
            first tunnel in direction node2->node1.
        :param raddr_range: Mask specifying range of Policy selector Remote
            IPv4/IPv6 addresses. Valid values are from 1 to 32 in case of IPv4
            and to 128 in case of IPv6.
        :param existing_tunnels: Number of tunnel interfaces before creation.
            Useful mainly for reconf tests. Default 0.
        :param return_keys: Whether generated keys should be returned.
        :type nodes: dict
        :type tun_if1_ip_addr: str
        :type tun_if2_ip_addr: str
        :type if1_key: str
        :type if2_key: str
        :type n_tunnels: int
        :type crypto_alg: CryptoAlg
        :type integ_alg: Optonal[IntegAlg]
        :type raddr_ip1: string
        :type raddr_ip2: string
        :type raddr_range: int
        :type existing_tunnels: int
        :type return_keys: bool
        :returns: Ckeys, ikeys, spi_1, spi_2.
        :rtype: Optional[List[bytes], List[bytes], int, int]
        """
        n_tunnels = int(n_tunnels)
        existing_tunnels = int(existing_tunnels)
        spi_d = dict(
            spi_1=100000,
            spi_2=200000
        )
        tun_ips = dict(
            ip1=ip_address(tun_if1_ip_addr),
            ip2=ip_address(tun_if2_ip_addr)
        )
        raddr_ip1 = ip_address(raddr_ip1)
        raddr_ip2 = ip_address(raddr_ip2)
        addr_incr = 1 << (128 - raddr_range) if tun_ips[u"ip1"].version == 6 \
            else 1 << (32 - raddr_range)

        if n_tunnels - existing_tunnels > 10:
            ckeys, ikeys = IPsecUtil._ipsec_create_tunnel_interfaces_dut1_vat(
                nodes, tun_ips, if1_key, if2_key, n_tunnels, crypto_alg,
                integ_alg, raddr_ip2, addr_incr, spi_d, existing_tunnels
            )
            if u"DUT2" in nodes.keys():
                IPsecUtil._ipsec_create_tunnel_interfaces_dut2_vat(
                    nodes, tun_ips, if2_key, n_tunnels, crypto_alg, ckeys,
                    integ_alg, ikeys, raddr_ip1, addr_incr, spi_d,
                    existing_tunnels
                )
        else:
            ckeys, ikeys = IPsecUtil._ipsec_create_tunnel_interfaces_dut1_papi(
                nodes, tun_ips, if1_key, if2_key, n_tunnels, crypto_alg,
                integ_alg, raddr_ip2, addr_incr, spi_d, existing_tunnels
            )
            if u"DUT2" in nodes.keys():
                IPsecUtil._ipsec_create_tunnel_interfaces_dut2_papi(
                    nodes, tun_ips, if2_key, n_tunnels, crypto_alg, ckeys,
                    integ_alg, ikeys, raddr_ip1, addr_incr, spi_d,
                    existing_tunnels
                )

        if return_keys:
            return ckeys, ikeys, spi_d[u"spi_1"], spi_d[u"spi_2"]
        return None

    @staticmethod
    def _create_ipsec_script_files(dut, instances):
        """Create script files for configuring IPsec in containers

        :param dut: DUT node on which to create the script files
        :param instances: number of containers on DUT node
        :type dut: string
        :type instances: int
        """
        scripts = []
        for cnf in range(0, instances):
            script_filename = (
                f"/tmp/ipsec_create_tunnel_cnf_{dut}_{cnf + 1}.config"
            )
            scripts.append(open(script_filename, 'w'))
        return scripts

    @staticmethod
    def _close_and_copy_ipsec_script_files(
            dut, nodes, instances, scripts):
        """Close created scripts and copy them to containers

        :param dut: DUT node on which to create the script files
        :param nodes: VPP nodes
        :param instances: number of containers on DUT node
        :param scripts: dictionary holding the script files
        :type dut: string
        :type nodes: dict
        :type instances: int
        :type scripts: dict
        """
        for cnf in range(0, instances):
            scripts[cnf].close()
            script_filename = (
                f"/tmp/ipsec_create_tunnel_cnf_{dut}_{cnf + 1}.config"
            )
            scp_node(nodes[dut], script_filename, script_filename)


    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_create_tunnel_interfaces_in_containers(
            nodes, if1_ip_addr, if2_ip_addr, n_tunnels, crypto_alg, integ_alg,
            raddr_ip1, raddr_ip2, raddr_range, n_instances):
        """Create multiple IPsec tunnel interfaces between two VPP nodes.

        :param nodes: VPP nodes to create tunnel interfaces.
        :param if1_ip_addr: VPP node 1 interface IP4 address.
        :param if2_ip_addr: VPP node 2 interface IP4 address.
        :param n_tunnels: Number of tunnell interfaces to create.
        :param crypto_alg: The encryption algorithm name.
        :param integ_alg: The integrity algorithm name.
        :param raddr_ip1: Policy selector remote IPv4 start address for the
            first tunnel in direction node1->node2.
        :param raddr_ip2: Policy selector remote IPv4 start address for the
            first tunnel in direction node2->node1.
        :param raddr_range: Mask specifying range of Policy selector Remote
            IPv4 addresses. Valid values are from 1 to 32.
        :param n_instances: Number of containers.
        :type nodes: dict
        :type if1_ip_addr: str
        :type if2_ip_addr: str
        :type n_tunnels: int
        :type crypto_alg: CryptoAlg
        :type integ_alg: Optional[IntegAlg]
        :type raddr_ip1: string
        :type raddr_ip2: string
        :type raddr_range: int
        :type n_instances: int
        """
        spi_1 = 100000
        spi_2 = 200000
        addr_incr = 1 << (32 - raddr_range)

        dut1_scripts = IPsecUtil._create_ipsec_script_files(
            u"DUT1", n_instances
        )
        dut2_scripts = IPsecUtil._create_ipsec_script_files(
            u"DUT2", n_instances
        )

        for cnf in range(0, n_instances):
            dut1_scripts[cnf].write(
                u"create loopback interface\n"
                u"set interface state loop0 up\n\n"
            )
            dut2_scripts[cnf].write(
                f"ip route add {if1_ip_addr}/8 via "
                f"{ip_address(if2_ip_addr) + cnf + 100} memif1/{cnf + 1}\n\n"
            )

        for tnl in range(0, n_tunnels):
            cnf = tnl % n_instances
            ckey = getattr(
                gen_key(IPsecUtil.get_crypto_alg_key_len(crypto_alg)), u"hex"
            )
            integ = u""
            ikey = getattr(
                gen_key(IPsecUtil.get_integ_alg_key_len(integ_alg)), u"hex"
            )
            if integ_alg:
                integ = (
                    f"integ-alg {integ_alg.alg_name} "
                    f"local-integ-key {ikey} "
                    f"remote-integ-key {ikey} "
                )
            # Configure tunnel end point(s) on left side
            dut1_scripts[cnf].write(
                u"set interface ip address loop0 "
                f"{ip_address(if1_ip_addr) + tnl * addr_incr}/32\n"
                f"create ipsec tunnel "
                f"local-ip {ip_address(if1_ip_addr) + tnl * addr_incr} "
                f"local-spi {spi_1 + tnl} "
                f"remote-ip {ip_address(if2_ip_addr) + cnf} "
                f"remote-spi {spi_2 + tnl} "
                f"crypto-alg {crypto_alg.alg_name} "
                f"local-crypto-key {ckey} "
                f"remote-crypto-key {ckey} "
                f"instance {tnl // n_instances} "
                f"salt 0x0 "
                f"{integ} \n"
                f"set interface unnumbered ipip{tnl // n_instances} use loop0\n"
                f"set interface state ipip{tnl // n_instances} up\n"
                f"ip route add {ip_address(raddr_ip2)+tnl}/32 "
                f"via ipip{tnl // n_instances}\n\n"
            )
            # Configure tunnel end point(s) on right side
            dut2_scripts[cnf].write(
                f"set ip neighbor memif1/{cnf + 1} "
                f"{ip_address(if1_ip_addr) + tnl * addr_incr} "
                f"02:02:00:00:{17:02X}:{cnf:02X} static\n"
                f"create ipsec tunnel local-ip {ip_address(if2_ip_addr) + cnf} "
                f"local-spi {spi_2 + tnl} "
                f"remote-ip {ip_address(if1_ip_addr) + tnl * addr_incr} "
                f"remote-spi {spi_1 + tnl} "
                f"crypto-alg {crypto_alg.alg_name} "
                f"local-crypto-key {ckey} "
                f"remote-crypto-key {ckey} "
                f"instance {tnl // n_instances} "
                f"salt 0x0 "
                f"{integ}\n"
                f"set interface unnumbered ipip{tnl // n_instances} "
                f"use memif1/{cnf + 1}\n"
                f"set interface state ipip{tnl // n_instances} up\n"
                f"ip route add {ip_address(raddr_ip1) + tnl}/32 "
                f"via ipip{tnl // n_instances}\n\n"
            )

        IPsecUtil._close_and_copy_ipsec_script_files(
            u"DUT1", nodes, n_instances, dut1_scripts)
        IPsecUtil._close_and_copy_ipsec_script_files(
            u"DUT2", nodes, n_instances, dut2_scripts)

    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_add_multiple_tunnels(
            nodes, interface1, interface2, n_tunnels, crypto_alg, integ_alg,
            tunnel_ip1, tunnel_ip2, raddr_ip1, raddr_ip2, raddr_range):
        """Create multiple IPsec tunnels between two VPP nodes.

        :param nodes: VPP nodes to create tunnels.
        :param interface1: Interface name or sw_if_index on node 1.
        :param interface2: Interface name or sw_if_index on node 2.
        :param n_tunnels: Number of tunnels to create.
        :param crypto_alg: The encryption algorithm name.
        :param integ_alg: The integrity algorithm name.
        :param tunnel_ip1: Tunnel node1 IPv4 address.
        :param tunnel_ip2: Tunnel node2 IPv4 address.
        :param raddr_ip1: Policy selector remote IPv4 start address for the
            first tunnel in direction node1->node2.
        :param raddr_ip2: Policy selector remote IPv4 start address for the
            first tunnel in direction node2->node1.
        :param raddr_range: Mask specifying range of Policy selector Remote
            IPv4 addresses. Valid values are from 1 to 32.
        :type nodes: dict
        :type interface1: str or int
        :type interface2: str or int
        :type n_tunnels: int
        :type crypto_alg: CryptoAlg
        :type integ_alg: Optional[IntegAlg]
        :type tunnel_ip1: str
        :type tunnel_ip2: str
        :type raddr_ip1: string
        :type raddr_ip2: string
        :type raddr_range: int
        """
        spd_id = 1
        p_hi = 100
        p_lo = 10
        sa_id_1 = 100000
        sa_id_2 = 200000
        spi_1 = 300000
        spi_2 = 400000

        crypto_key = gen_key(
            IPsecUtil.get_crypto_alg_key_len(crypto_alg)
        ).decode()
        integ_key = gen_key(
            IPsecUtil.get_integ_alg_key_len(integ_alg)
        ).decode() if integ_alg else u""

        rmac = Topology.get_interface_mac(nodes[u"DUT2"], interface2) \
            if u"DUT2" in nodes.keys() \
            else Topology.get_interface_mac(nodes[u"TG"], interface2)
        IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_set_ip_route(
            nodes[u"DUT1"], n_tunnels, tunnel_ip1, raddr_ip2, tunnel_ip2,
            interface1, raddr_range, rmac)

        IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_add_spd(nodes[u"DUT1"], spd_id)
        IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_spd_add_if(nodes[u"DUT1"], spd_id, interface1)
        IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_policy_add(
            nodes[u"DUT1"], spd_id, p_hi, PolicyAction.BYPASS, inbound=False,
            proto=50, laddr_range=u"100.0.0.0/8", raddr_range=u"100.0.0.0/8"
        )
        IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_policy_add(
            nodes[u"DUT1"], spd_id, p_hi, PolicyAction.BYPASS, inbound=True,
            proto=50, laddr_range=u"100.0.0.0/8", raddr_range=u"100.0.0.0/8"
        )

        IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_add_sad_entries(
            nodes[u"DUT1"], n_tunnels, sa_id_1, spi_1, crypto_alg, crypto_key,
            integ_alg, integ_key, tunnel_ip1, tunnel_ip2
        )
        IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_spd_add_entries(
            nodes[u"DUT1"], n_tunnels, spd_id, p_lo, False, sa_id_1, raddr_ip2
        )

        IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_add_sad_entries(
            nodes[u"DUT1"], n_tunnels, sa_id_2, spi_2, crypto_alg, crypto_key,
            integ_alg, integ_key, tunnel_ip2, tunnel_ip1
        )
        IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_spd_add_entries(
            nodes[u"DUT1"], n_tunnels, spd_id, p_lo, True, sa_id_2, raddr_ip1
        )

        if u"DUT2" in nodes.keys():
            IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_set_ip_route(
                nodes[u"DUT2"], n_tunnels, tunnel_ip2, raddr_ip1, tunnel_ip1,
                interface2, raddr_range)

            IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_add_spd(nodes[u"DUT2"], spd_id)
            IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_spd_add_if(nodes[u"DUT2"], spd_id, interface2)
            IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_policy_add(
                nodes[u"DUT2"], spd_id, p_hi, PolicyAction.BYPASS,
                inbound=False, proto=50, laddr_range=u"100.0.0.0/8",
                raddr_range=u"100.0.0.0/8"
            )
            IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_policy_add(
                nodes[u"DUT2"], spd_id, p_hi, PolicyAction.BYPASS,
                inbound=True, proto=50, laddr_range=u"100.0.0.0/8",
                raddr_range=u"100.0.0.0/8"
            )

            IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_add_sad_entries(
                nodes[u"DUT2"], n_tunnels, sa_id_1, spi_1, crypto_alg,
                crypto_key, integ_alg, integ_key, tunnel_ip1, tunnel_ip2
            )
            IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_spd_add_entries(
                nodes[u"DUT2"], n_tunnels, spd_id, p_lo, True, sa_id_1,
                raddr_ip2
            )

            IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_add_sad_entries(
                nodes[u"DUT2"], n_tunnels, sa_id_2, spi_2, crypto_alg,
                crypto_key, integ_alg, integ_key, tunnel_ip2, tunnel_ip1
            )
            IPsecUtil.vpp_ipsec_spd_add_entries(
                nodes[u"DUT2"], n_tunnels, spd_id, p_lo, False, sa_id_2,
                raddr_ip1
            )


    @staticmethod
    def vpp_ipsec_show(node):
        """Run "show ipsec" debug CLI command.

        :param node: Node to run command on.
        :type node: dict
        """
        PapiSocketExecutor.run_cli_cmd(node, u"show ipsec")

    @staticmethod
    def show_ipsec_security_association(node):
        """Show IPSec security association.

        :param node: DUT node.
        :type node: dict
        """
        cmds = [
            u"ipsec_sa_v2_dump"
        ]
        PapiSocketExecutor.dump_and_log(node, cmds)