Merge branch 'lib_fix'

6 files changed, 3616 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/__init__.py b/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..398519f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# test/__init__.py
+# Part of ‘python-daemon’, an implementation of PEP 3143.
+#
+# Copyright © 2008–2015 Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au>
+#
+# This is free software: you may copy, modify, and/or distribute this work
+# under the terms of the Apache License, version 2.0 as published by the
+# Apache Software Foundation.
+# No warranty expressed or implied. See the file ‘LICENSE.ASF-2’ for details.
+
+""" Unit test suite for ‘daemon’ package.
+    """
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, unicode_literals)
+
+
+# Local variables:
+# coding: utf-8
+# mode: python
+# End:
+# vim: fileencoding=utf-8 filetype=python :
diff --git a/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/scaffold.py b/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/scaffold.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a4f1150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/scaffold.py
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# test/scaffold.py
+# Part of ‘python-daemon’, an implementation of PEP 3143.
+#
+# Copyright © 2007–2015 Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au>
+#
+# This is free software: you may copy, modify, and/or distribute this work
+# under the terms of the Apache License, version 2.0 as published by the
+# Apache Software Foundation.
+# No warranty expressed or implied. See the file ‘LICENSE.ASF-2’ for details.
+
+""" Scaffolding for unit test modules.
+    """
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, unicode_literals)
+
+import unittest
+import doctest
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+import operator
+import textwrap
+from copy import deepcopy
+import functools
+
+try:
+    # Python 2 has both ‘str’ (bytes) and ‘unicode’ (text).
+    basestring = basestring
+    unicode = unicode
+except NameError:
+    # Python 3 names the Unicode data type ‘str’.
+    basestring = str
+    unicode = str
+
+import testscenarios
+import testtools.testcase
+
+
+test_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+parent_dir = os.path.dirname(test_dir)
+if not test_dir in sys.path:
+    sys.path.insert(1, test_dir)
+if not parent_dir in sys.path:
+    sys.path.insert(1, parent_dir)
+
+# Disable all but the most critical logging messages.
+logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)
+
+
+def get_function_signature(func):
+    """ Get the function signature as a mapping of attributes.
+
+        :param func: The function object to interrogate.
+        :return: A mapping of the components of a function signature.
+
+        The signature is constructed as a mapping:
+
+        * 'name': The function's defined name.
+        * 'arg_count': The number of arguments expected by the function.
+        * 'arg_names': A sequence of the argument names, as strings.
+        * 'arg_defaults': A sequence of the default values for the arguments.
+        * 'va_args': The name bound to remaining positional arguments.
+        * 'va_kw_args': The name bound to remaining keyword arguments.
+
+        """
+    try:
+        # Python 3 function attributes.
+        func_code = func.__code__
+        func_defaults = func.__defaults__
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Python 2 function attributes.
+        func_code = func.func_code
+        func_defaults = func.func_defaults
+
+    arg_count = func_code.co_argcount
+    arg_names = func_code.co_varnames[:arg_count]
+
+    arg_defaults = {}
+    if func_defaults is not None:
+        arg_defaults = dict(
+                (name, value)
+                for (name, value) in
+                    zip(arg_names[::-1], func_defaults[::-1]))
+
+    signature = {
+            'name': func.__name__,
+            'arg_count': arg_count,
+            'arg_names': arg_names,
+            'arg_defaults': arg_defaults,
+            }
+
+    non_pos_names = list(func_code.co_varnames[arg_count:])
+    COLLECTS_ARBITRARY_POSITIONAL_ARGS = 0x04
+    if func_code.co_flags & COLLECTS_ARBITRARY_POSITIONAL_ARGS:
+        signature['var_args'] = non_pos_names.pop(0)
+    COLLECTS_ARBITRARY_KEYWORD_ARGS = 0x08
+    if func_code.co_flags & COLLECTS_ARBITRARY_KEYWORD_ARGS:
+        signature['var_kw_args'] = non_pos_names.pop(0)
+
+    return signature
+
+
+def format_function_signature(func):
+    """ Format the function signature as printable text.
+
+        :param func: The function object to interrogate.
+        :return: A formatted text representation of the function signature.
+
+        The signature is rendered a text; for example::
+
+            foo(spam, eggs, ham=True, beans=None, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        """
+    signature = get_function_signature(func)
+
+    args_text = []
+    for arg_name in signature['arg_names']:
+        if arg_name in signature['arg_defaults']:
+            arg_text = "{name}={value!r}".format(
+                    name=arg_name, value=signature['arg_defaults'][arg_name])
+        else:
+            arg_text = "{name}".format(
+                    name=arg_name)
+        args_text.append(arg_text)
+    if 'var_args' in signature:
+        args_text.append("*{var_args}".format(signature))
+    if 'var_kw_args' in signature:
+        args_text.append("**{var_kw_args}".format(signature))
+    signature_args_text = ", ".join(args_text)
+
+    func_name = signature['name']
+    signature_text = "{name}({args})".format(
+            name=func_name, args=signature_args_text)
+
+    return signature_text
+
+
+class TestCase(testtools.testcase.TestCase):
+    """ Test case behaviour. """
+
+    def failUnlessOutputCheckerMatch(self, want, got, msg=None):
+        """ Fail unless the specified string matches the expected.
+
+            :param want: The desired output pattern.
+            :param got: The actual text to match.
+            :param msg: A message to prefix on the failure message.
+            :return: ``None``.
+            :raises self.failureException: If the text does not match.
+
+            Fail the test unless ``want`` matches ``got``, as determined by
+            a ``doctest.OutputChecker`` instance. This is not an equality
+            check, but a pattern match according to the ``OutputChecker``
+            rules.
+
+            """
+        checker = doctest.OutputChecker()
+        want = textwrap.dedent(want)
+        source = ""
+        example = doctest.Example(source, want)
+        got = textwrap.dedent(got)
+        checker_optionflags = functools.reduce(operator.or_, [
+                doctest.ELLIPSIS,
+                ])
+        if not checker.check_output(want, got, checker_optionflags):
+            if msg is None:
+                diff = checker.output_difference(
+                        example, got, checker_optionflags)
+                msg = "\n".join([
+                        "Output received did not match expected output",
+                        "{diff}",
+                        ]).format(
+                            diff=diff)
+            raise self.failureException(msg)
+
+    assertOutputCheckerMatch = failUnlessOutputCheckerMatch
+
+    def failUnlessFunctionInTraceback(self, traceback, function, msg=None):
+        """ Fail if the function is not in the traceback.
+
+            :param traceback: The traceback object to interrogate.
+            :param function: The function object to match.
+            :param msg: A message to prefix on the failure message.
+            :return: ``None``.
+
+            :raises self.failureException: If the function is not in the
+                traceback.
+
+            Fail the test if the function ``function`` is not at any of the
+            levels in the traceback object ``traceback``.
+
+            """
+        func_in_traceback = False
+        expected_code = function.func_code
+        current_traceback = traceback
+        while current_traceback is not None:
+            if expected_code is current_traceback.tb_frame.f_code:
+                func_in_traceback = True
+                break
+            current_traceback = current_traceback.tb_next
+
+        if not func_in_traceback:
+            if msg is None:
+                msg = (
+                        "Traceback did not lead to original function"
+                        " {function}"
+                        ).format(
+                            function=function)
+            raise self.failureException(msg)
+
+    assertFunctionInTraceback = failUnlessFunctionInTraceback
+
+    def failUnlessFunctionSignatureMatch(self, first, second, msg=None):
+        """ Fail if the function signatures do not match.
+
+            :param first: The first function to compare.
+            :param second: The second function to compare.
+            :param msg: A message to prefix to the failure message.
+            :return: ``None``.
+
+            :raises self.failureException: If the function signatures do
+                not match.
+
+            Fail the test if the function signature does not match between
+            the ``first`` function and the ``second`` function.
+
+            The function signature includes:
+
+            * function name,
+
+            * count of named parameters,
+
+            * sequence of named parameters,
+
+            * default values of named parameters,
+
+            * collector for arbitrary positional arguments,
+
+            * collector for arbitrary keyword arguments.
+
+            """
+        first_signature = get_function_signature(first)
+        second_signature = get_function_signature(second)
+
+        if first_signature != second_signature:
+            if msg is None:
+                first_signature_text = format_function_signature(first)
+                second_signature_text = format_function_signature(second)
+                msg = (textwrap.dedent("""\
+                        Function signatures do not match:
+                            {first!r} != {second!r}
+                        Expected:
+                            {first_text}
+                        Got:
+                            {second_text}""")
+                        ).format(
+                            first=first_signature,
+                            first_text=first_signature_text,
+                            second=second_signature,
+                            second_text=second_signature_text,
+                            )
+            raise self.failureException(msg)
+
+    assertFunctionSignatureMatch = failUnlessFunctionSignatureMatch
+
+
+class TestCaseWithScenarios(testscenarios.WithScenarios, TestCase):
+    """ Test cases run per scenario. """
+
+
+class Exception_TestCase(TestCaseWithScenarios):
+    """ Test cases for exception classes. """
+
+    def test_exception_instance(self):
+        """ Exception instance should be created. """
+        self.assertIsNot(self.instance, None)
+
+    def test_exception_types(self):
+        """ Exception instance should match expected types. """
+        for match_type in self.types:
+            self.assertIsInstance(self.instance, match_type)
+
+
+def make_exception_scenarios(scenarios):
+    """ Make test scenarios for exception classes.
+
+        :param scenarios: Sequence of scenarios.
+        :return: List of scenarios with additional mapping entries.
+
+        Use this with `testscenarios` to adapt `Exception_TestCase`_ for
+        any exceptions that need testing.
+
+        Each scenario is a tuple (`name`, `map`) where `map` is a mapping
+        of attributes to be applied to each test case. Attributes map must
+        contain items for:
+
+            :key exc_type:
+                The exception type to be tested.
+            :key min_args:
+                The minimum argument count for the exception instance
+                initialiser.
+            :key types:
+                Sequence of types that should be superclasses of each
+                instance of the exception type.
+
+        """
+    updated_scenarios = deepcopy(scenarios)
+    for (name, scenario) in updated_scenarios:
+        args = (None,) * scenario['min_args']
+        scenario['args'] = args
+        instance = scenario['exc_type'](*args)
+        scenario['instance'] = instance
+
+    return updated_scenarios
+
+
+# Local variables:
+# coding: utf-8
+# mode: python
+# End:
+# vim: fileencoding=utf-8 filetype=python :
diff --git a/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/test_daemon.py b/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/test_daemon.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a911858a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/test_daemon.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1744 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# test/test_daemon.py
+# Part of ‘python-daemon’, an implementation of PEP 3143.
+#
+# Copyright © 2008–2015 Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au>
+#
+# This is free software: you may copy, modify, and/or distribute this work
+# under the terms of the Apache License, version 2.0 as published by the
+# Apache Software Foundation.
+# No warranty expressed or implied. See the file ‘LICENSE.ASF-2’ for details.
+
+""" Unit test for ‘daemon’ module.
+    """
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, unicode_literals)
+
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import resource
+import errno
+import signal
+import socket
+from types import ModuleType
+import collections
+import functools
+try:
+    # Standard library of Python 2.7 and later.
+    from io import StringIO
+except ImportError:
+    # Standard library of Python 2.6 and earlier.
+    from StringIO import StringIO
+
+import mock
+
+from . import scaffold
+from .scaffold import (basestring, unicode)
+from .test_pidfile import (
+        FakeFileDescriptorStringIO,
+        setup_pidfile_fixtures,
+        )
+
+import daemon
+
+
+class ModuleExceptions_TestCase(scaffold.Exception_TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for module exception classes. """
+
+    scenarios = scaffold.make_exception_scenarios([
+            ('daemon.daemon.DaemonError', dict(
+                exc_type = daemon.daemon.DaemonError,
+                min_args = 1,
+                types = [Exception],
+                )),
+            ('daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError', dict(
+                exc_type = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError,
+                min_args = 1,
+                types = [daemon.daemon.DaemonError, OSError],
+                )),
+            ('daemon.daemon.DaemonProcessDetachError', dict(
+                exc_type = daemon.daemon.DaemonProcessDetachError,
+                min_args = 1,
+                types = [daemon.daemon.DaemonError, OSError],
+                )),
+            ])
+
+
+def setup_daemon_context_fixtures(testcase):
+    """ Set up common test fixtures for DaemonContext test case.
+
+        :param testcase: A ``TestCase`` instance to decorate.
+        :return: ``None``.
+
+        Decorate the `testcase` with fixtures for tests involving
+        `DaemonContext`.
+
+        """
+    setup_streams_fixtures(testcase)
+
+    setup_pidfile_fixtures(testcase)
+
+    testcase.fake_pidfile_path = tempfile.mktemp()
+    testcase.mock_pidlockfile = mock.MagicMock()
+    testcase.mock_pidlockfile.path = testcase.fake_pidfile_path
+
+    testcase.daemon_context_args = dict(
+            stdin=testcase.stream_files_by_name['stdin'],
+            stdout=testcase.stream_files_by_name['stdout'],
+            stderr=testcase.stream_files_by_name['stderr'],
+            )
+    testcase.test_instance = daemon.DaemonContext(
+            **testcase.daemon_context_args)
+
+fake_default_signal_map = object()
+
+@mock.patch.object(
+        daemon.daemon, "is_detach_process_context_required",
+        new=(lambda: True))
+@mock.patch.object(
+        daemon.daemon, "make_default_signal_map",
+        new=(lambda: fake_default_signal_map))
+@mock.patch.object(os, "setgid", new=(lambda x: object()))
+@mock.patch.object(os, "setuid", new=(lambda x: object()))
+class DaemonContext_BaseTestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Base class for DaemonContext test case classes. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(DaemonContext_BaseTestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        setup_daemon_context_fixtures(self)
+
+
+class DaemonContext_TestCase(DaemonContext_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonContext class. """
+
+    def test_instantiate(self):
+        """ New instance of DaemonContext should be created. """
+        self.assertIsInstance(
+                self.test_instance, daemon.daemon.DaemonContext)
+
+    def test_minimum_zero_arguments(self):
+        """ Initialiser should not require any arguments. """
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext()
+        self.assertIsNot(instance, None)
+
+    def test_has_specified_chroot_directory(self):
+        """ Should have specified chroot_directory option. """
+        args = dict(
+                chroot_directory=object(),
+                )
+        expected_directory = args['chroot_directory']
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_directory, instance.chroot_directory)
+
+    def test_has_specified_working_directory(self):
+        """ Should have specified working_directory option. """
+        args = dict(
+                working_directory=object(),
+                )
+        expected_directory = args['working_directory']
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_directory, instance.working_directory)
+
+    def test_has_default_working_directory(self):
+        """ Should have default working_directory option. """
+        args = dict()
+        expected_directory = "/"
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_directory, instance.working_directory)
+
+    def test_has_specified_creation_mask(self):
+        """ Should have specified umask option. """
+        args = dict(
+                umask=object(),
+                )
+        expected_mask = args['umask']
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_mask, instance.umask)
+
+    def test_has_default_creation_mask(self):
+        """ Should have default umask option. """
+        args = dict()
+        expected_mask = 0
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_mask, instance.umask)
+
+    def test_has_specified_uid(self):
+        """ Should have specified uid option. """
+        args = dict(
+                uid=object(),
+                )
+        expected_id = args['uid']
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_id, instance.uid)
+
+    def test_has_derived_uid(self):
+        """ Should have uid option derived from process. """
+        args = dict()
+        expected_id = os.getuid()
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_id, instance.uid)
+
+    def test_has_specified_gid(self):
+        """ Should have specified gid option. """
+        args = dict(
+                gid=object(),
+                )
+        expected_id = args['gid']
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_id, instance.gid)
+
+    def test_has_derived_gid(self):
+        """ Should have gid option derived from process. """
+        args = dict()
+        expected_id = os.getgid()
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_id, instance.gid)
+
+    def test_has_specified_detach_process(self):
+        """ Should have specified detach_process option. """
+        args = dict(
+                detach_process=object(),
+                )
+        expected_value = args['detach_process']
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_value, instance.detach_process)
+
+    def test_has_derived_detach_process(self):
+        """ Should have detach_process option derived from environment. """
+        args = dict()
+        func = daemon.daemon.is_detach_process_context_required
+        expected_value = func()
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_value, instance.detach_process)
+
+    def test_has_specified_files_preserve(self):
+        """ Should have specified files_preserve option. """
+        args = dict(
+                files_preserve=object(),
+                )
+        expected_files_preserve = args['files_preserve']
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_files_preserve, instance.files_preserve)
+
+    def test_has_specified_pidfile(self):
+        """ Should have the specified pidfile. """
+        args = dict(
+                pidfile=object(),
+                )
+        expected_pidfile = args['pidfile']
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_pidfile, instance.pidfile)
+
+    def test_has_specified_stdin(self):
+        """ Should have specified stdin option. """
+        args = dict(
+                stdin=object(),
+                )
+        expected_file = args['stdin']
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_file, instance.stdin)
+
+    def test_has_specified_stdout(self):
+        """ Should have specified stdout option. """
+        args = dict(
+                stdout=object(),
+                )
+        expected_file = args['stdout']
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_file, instance.stdout)
+
+    def test_has_specified_stderr(self):
+        """ Should have specified stderr option. """
+        args = dict(
+                stderr=object(),
+                )
+        expected_file = args['stderr']
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_file, instance.stderr)
+
+    def test_has_specified_signal_map(self):
+        """ Should have specified signal_map option. """
+        args = dict(
+                signal_map=object(),
+                )
+        expected_signal_map = args['signal_map']
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_signal_map, instance.signal_map)
+
+    def test_has_derived_signal_map(self):
+        """ Should have signal_map option derived from system. """
+        args = dict()
+        expected_signal_map = daemon.daemon.make_default_signal_map()
+        instance = daemon.daemon.DaemonContext(**args)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_signal_map, instance.signal_map)
+
+
+class DaemonContext_is_open_TestCase(DaemonContext_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonContext.is_open property. """
+
+    def test_begin_false(self):
+        """ Initial value of is_open should be False. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        self.assertEqual(False, instance.is_open)
+
+    def test_write_fails(self):
+        """ Writing to is_open should fail. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        self.assertRaises(
+                AttributeError,
+                setattr, instance, 'is_open', object())
+
+
+class DaemonContext_open_TestCase(DaemonContext_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonContext.open method. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(DaemonContext_open_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_instance._is_open = False
+
+        self.mock_module_daemon = mock.MagicMock()
+        daemon_func_patchers = dict(
+                (func_name, mock.patch.object(
+                    daemon.daemon, func_name))
+                for func_name in [
+                    "detach_process_context",
+                    "change_working_directory",
+                    "change_root_directory",
+                    "change_file_creation_mask",
+                    "change_process_owner",
+                    "prevent_core_dump",
+                    "close_all_open_files",
+                    "redirect_stream",
+                    "set_signal_handlers",
+                    "register_atexit_function",
+                    ])
+        for (func_name, patcher) in daemon_func_patchers.items():
+            mock_func = patcher.start()
+            self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)
+            self.mock_module_daemon.attach_mock(mock_func, func_name)
+
+        self.mock_module_daemon.attach_mock(mock.Mock(), 'DaemonContext')
+
+        self.test_files_preserve_fds = object()
+        self.test_signal_handler_map = object()
+        daemoncontext_method_return_values = {
+                '_get_exclude_file_descriptors':
+                    self.test_files_preserve_fds,
+                '_make_signal_handler_map':
+                    self.test_signal_handler_map,
+                }
+        daemoncontext_func_patchers = dict(
+                (func_name, mock.patch.object(
+                    daemon.daemon.DaemonContext,
+                    func_name,
+                    return_value=return_value))
+                for (func_name, return_value) in
+                    daemoncontext_method_return_values.items())
+        for (func_name, patcher) in daemoncontext_func_patchers.items():
+            mock_func = patcher.start()
+            self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)
+            self.mock_module_daemon.DaemonContext.attach_mock(
+                    mock_func, func_name)
+
+    def test_performs_steps_in_expected_sequence(self):
+        """ Should perform daemonisation steps in expected sequence. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.chroot_directory = object()
+        instance.detach_process = True
+        instance.pidfile = self.mock_pidlockfile
+        self.mock_module_daemon.attach_mock(
+                self.mock_pidlockfile, 'pidlockfile')
+        expected_calls = [
+                mock.call.change_root_directory(mock.ANY),
+                mock.call.prevent_core_dump(),
+                mock.call.change_file_creation_mask(mock.ANY),
+                mock.call.change_working_directory(mock.ANY),
+                mock.call.change_process_owner(mock.ANY, mock.ANY),
+                mock.call.detach_process_context(),
+                mock.call.DaemonContext._make_signal_handler_map(),
+                mock.call.set_signal_handlers(mock.ANY),
+                mock.call.DaemonContext._get_exclude_file_descriptors(),
+                mock.call.close_all_open_files(exclude=mock.ANY),
+                mock.call.redirect_stream(mock.ANY, mock.ANY),
+                mock.call.redirect_stream(mock.ANY, mock.ANY),
+                mock.call.redirect_stream(mock.ANY, mock.ANY),
+                mock.call.pidlockfile.__enter__(),
+                mock.call.register_atexit_function(mock.ANY),
+                ]
+        instance.open()
+        self.mock_module_daemon.assert_has_calls(expected_calls)
+
+    def test_returns_immediately_if_is_open(self):
+        """ Should return immediately if is_open property is true. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance._is_open = True
+        instance.open()
+        self.assertEqual(0, len(self.mock_module_daemon.mock_calls))
+
+    def test_changes_root_directory_to_chroot_directory(self):
+        """ Should change root directory to `chroot_directory` option. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        chroot_directory = object()
+        instance.chroot_directory = chroot_directory
+        instance.open()
+        self.mock_module_daemon.change_root_directory.assert_called_with(
+                chroot_directory)
+
+    def test_omits_chroot_if_no_chroot_directory(self):
+        """ Should omit changing root directory if no `chroot_directory`. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.chroot_directory = None
+        instance.open()
+        self.assertFalse(self.mock_module_daemon.change_root_directory.called)
+
+    def test_prevents_core_dump(self):
+        """ Should request prevention of core dumps. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.open()
+        self.mock_module_daemon.prevent_core_dump.assert_called_with()
+
+    def test_omits_prevent_core_dump_if_prevent_core_false(self):
+        """ Should omit preventing core dumps if `prevent_core` is false. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.prevent_core = False
+        instance.open()
+        self.assertFalse(self.mock_module_daemon.prevent_core_dump.called)
+
+    def test_closes_open_files(self):
+        """ Should close all open files, excluding `files_preserve`. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        expected_exclude = self.test_files_preserve_fds
+        instance.open()
+        self.mock_module_daemon.close_all_open_files.assert_called_with(
+                exclude=expected_exclude)
+
+    def test_changes_directory_to_working_directory(self):
+        """ Should change current directory to `working_directory` option. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        working_directory = object()
+        instance.working_directory = working_directory
+        instance.open()
+        self.mock_module_daemon.change_working_directory.assert_called_with(
+                working_directory)
+
+    def test_changes_creation_mask_to_umask(self):
+        """ Should change file creation mask to `umask` option. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        umask = object()
+        instance.umask = umask
+        instance.open()
+        self.mock_module_daemon.change_file_creation_mask.assert_called_with(
+                umask)
+
+    def test_changes_owner_to_specified_uid_and_gid(self):
+        """ Should change process UID and GID to `uid` and `gid` options. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        uid = object()
+        gid = object()
+        instance.uid = uid
+        instance.gid = gid
+        instance.open()
+        self.mock_module_daemon.change_process_owner.assert_called_with(
+                uid, gid)
+
+    def test_detaches_process_context(self):
+        """ Should request detach of process context. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.open()
+        self.mock_module_daemon.detach_process_context.assert_called_with()
+
+    def test_omits_process_detach_if_not_required(self):
+        """ Should omit detach of process context if not required. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.detach_process = False
+        instance.open()
+        self.assertFalse(self.mock_module_daemon.detach_process_context.called)
+
+    def test_sets_signal_handlers_from_signal_map(self):
+        """ Should set signal handlers according to `signal_map`. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.signal_map = object()
+        expected_signal_handler_map = self.test_signal_handler_map
+        instance.open()
+        self.mock_module_daemon.set_signal_handlers.assert_called_with(
+                expected_signal_handler_map)
+
+    def test_redirects_standard_streams(self):
+        """ Should request redirection of standard stream files. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        (system_stdin, system_stdout, system_stderr) = (
+                sys.stdin, sys.stdout, sys.stderr)
+        (target_stdin, target_stdout, target_stderr) = (
+                self.stream_files_by_name[name]
+                for name in ['stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr'])
+        expected_calls = [
+                mock.call(system_stdin, target_stdin),
+                mock.call(system_stdout, target_stdout),
+                mock.call(system_stderr, target_stderr),
+                ]
+        instance.open()
+        self.mock_module_daemon.redirect_stream.assert_has_calls(
+                expected_calls, any_order=True)
+
+    def test_enters_pidfile_context(self):
+        """ Should enter the PID file context manager. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.pidfile = self.mock_pidlockfile
+        instance.open()
+        self.mock_pidlockfile.__enter__.assert_called_with()
+
+    def test_sets_is_open_true(self):
+        """ Should set the `is_open` property to True. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.open()
+        self.assertEqual(True, instance.is_open)
+
+    def test_registers_close_method_for_atexit(self):
+        """ Should register the `close` method for atexit processing. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        close_method = instance.close
+        instance.open()
+        self.mock_module_daemon.register_atexit_function.assert_called_with(
+                close_method)
+
+
+class DaemonContext_close_TestCase(DaemonContext_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonContext.close method. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(DaemonContext_close_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_instance._is_open = True
+
+    def test_returns_immediately_if_not_is_open(self):
+        """ Should return immediately if is_open property is false. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance._is_open = False
+        instance.pidfile = object()
+        instance.close()
+        self.assertFalse(self.mock_pidlockfile.__exit__.called)
+
+    def test_exits_pidfile_context(self):
+        """ Should exit the PID file context manager. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.pidfile = self.mock_pidlockfile
+        instance.close()
+        self.mock_pidlockfile.__exit__.assert_called_with(None, None, None)
+
+    def test_returns_none(self):
+        """ Should return None. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        expected_result = None
+        result = instance.close()
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+    def test_sets_is_open_false(self):
+        """ Should set the `is_open` property to False. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.close()
+        self.assertEqual(False, instance.is_open)
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(daemon.daemon.DaemonContext, "open")
+class DaemonContext_context_manager_enter_TestCase(DaemonContext_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonContext.__enter__ method. """
+
+    def test_opens_daemon_context(self, mock_func_daemoncontext_open):
+        """ Should open the DaemonContext. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.__enter__()
+        mock_func_daemoncontext_open.assert_called_with()
+
+    def test_returns_self_instance(self, mock_func_daemoncontext_open):
+        """ Should return DaemonContext instance. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        expected_result = instance
+        result = instance.__enter__()
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(daemon.daemon.DaemonContext, "close")
+class DaemonContext_context_manager_exit_TestCase(DaemonContext_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonContext.__exit__ method. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(DaemonContext_context_manager_exit_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_args = dict(
+                exc_type=object(),
+                exc_value=object(),
+                traceback=object(),
+                )
+
+    def test_closes_daemon_context(self, mock_func_daemoncontext_close):
+        """ Should close the DaemonContext. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        args = self.test_args
+        instance.__exit__(**args)
+        mock_func_daemoncontext_close.assert_called_with()
+
+    def test_returns_none(self, mock_func_daemoncontext_close):
+        """ Should return None, indicating exception was not handled. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        args = self.test_args
+        expected_result = None
+        result = instance.__exit__(**args)
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+
+class DaemonContext_terminate_TestCase(DaemonContext_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonContext.terminate method. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(DaemonContext_terminate_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_signal = signal.SIGTERM
+        self.test_frame = None
+        self.test_args = (self.test_signal, self.test_frame)
+
+    def test_raises_system_exit(self):
+        """ Should raise SystemExit. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        args = self.test_args
+        expected_exception = SystemExit
+        self.assertRaises(
+                expected_exception,
+                instance.terminate, *args)
+
+    def test_exception_message_contains_signal_number(self):
+        """ Should raise exception with a message containing signal number. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        args = self.test_args
+        signal_number = self.test_signal
+        expected_exception = SystemExit
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_exception,
+                instance.terminate, *args)
+        self.assertIn(unicode(signal_number), unicode(exc))
+
+
+class DaemonContext_get_exclude_file_descriptors_TestCase(
+        DaemonContext_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonContext._get_exclude_file_descriptors function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(
+                DaemonContext_get_exclude_file_descriptors_TestCase,
+                self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_files = {
+                2: FakeFileDescriptorStringIO(),
+                5: 5,
+                11: FakeFileDescriptorStringIO(),
+                17: None,
+                23: FakeFileDescriptorStringIO(),
+                37: 37,
+                42: FakeFileDescriptorStringIO(),
+                }
+        for (fileno, item) in self.test_files.items():
+            if hasattr(item, '_fileno'):
+                item._fileno = fileno
+        self.test_file_descriptors = set(
+                fd for (fd, item) in self.test_files.items()
+                if item is not None)
+        self.test_file_descriptors.update(
+                self.stream_files_by_name[name].fileno()
+                for name in ['stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr']
+                )
+
+    def test_returns_expected_file_descriptors(self):
+        """ Should return expected set of file descriptors. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.files_preserve = list(self.test_files.values())
+        expected_result = self.test_file_descriptors
+        result = instance._get_exclude_file_descriptors()
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+    def test_returns_stream_redirects_if_no_files_preserve(self):
+        """ Should return only stream redirects if no files_preserve. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.files_preserve = None
+        expected_result = set(
+                stream.fileno()
+                for stream in self.stream_files_by_name.values())
+        result = instance._get_exclude_file_descriptors()
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+    def test_returns_empty_set_if_no_files(self):
+        """ Should return empty set if no file options. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        for name in ['files_preserve', 'stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr']:
+            setattr(instance, name, None)
+        expected_result = set()
+        result = instance._get_exclude_file_descriptors()
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+    def test_omits_non_file_streams(self):
+        """ Should omit non-file stream attributes. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.files_preserve = list(self.test_files.values())
+        stream_files = self.stream_files_by_name
+        expected_result = self.test_file_descriptors.copy()
+        for (pseudo_stream_name, pseudo_stream) in stream_files.items():
+            test_non_file_object = object()
+            setattr(instance, pseudo_stream_name, test_non_file_object)
+            stream_fd = pseudo_stream.fileno()
+            expected_result.discard(stream_fd)
+        result = instance._get_exclude_file_descriptors()
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+    def test_includes_verbatim_streams_without_file_descriptor(self):
+        """ Should include verbatim any stream without a file descriptor. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.files_preserve = list(self.test_files.values())
+        stream_files = self.stream_files_by_name
+        mock_fileno_method = mock.MagicMock(
+                spec=sys.__stdin__.fileno,
+                side_effect=ValueError)
+        expected_result = self.test_file_descriptors.copy()
+        for (pseudo_stream_name, pseudo_stream) in stream_files.items():
+            test_non_fd_stream = StringIO()
+            if not hasattr(test_non_fd_stream, 'fileno'):
+                # Python < 3 StringIO doesn't have ‘fileno’ at all.
+                # Add a method which raises an exception.
+                test_non_fd_stream.fileno = mock_fileno_method
+            setattr(instance, pseudo_stream_name, test_non_fd_stream)
+            stream_fd = pseudo_stream.fileno()
+            expected_result.discard(stream_fd)
+            expected_result.add(test_non_fd_stream)
+        result = instance._get_exclude_file_descriptors()
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+    def test_omits_none_streams(self):
+        """ Should omit any stream attribute which is None. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.files_preserve = list(self.test_files.values())
+        stream_files = self.stream_files_by_name
+        expected_result = self.test_file_descriptors.copy()
+        for (pseudo_stream_name, pseudo_stream) in stream_files.items():
+            setattr(instance, pseudo_stream_name, None)
+            stream_fd = pseudo_stream.fileno()
+            expected_result.discard(stream_fd)
+        result = instance._get_exclude_file_descriptors()
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+
+class DaemonContext_make_signal_handler_TestCase(DaemonContext_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonContext._make_signal_handler function. """
+
+    def test_returns_ignore_for_none(self):
+        """ Should return SIG_IGN when None handler specified. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        target = None
+        expected_result = signal.SIG_IGN
+        result = instance._make_signal_handler(target)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+    def test_returns_method_for_name(self):
+        """ Should return method of DaemonContext when name specified. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        target = 'terminate'
+        expected_result = instance.terminate
+        result = instance._make_signal_handler(target)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+    def test_raises_error_for_unknown_name(self):
+        """ Should raise AttributeError for unknown method name. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        target = 'b0gUs'
+        expected_error = AttributeError
+        self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                instance._make_signal_handler, target)
+
+    def test_returns_object_for_object(self):
+        """ Should return same object for any other object. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        target = object()
+        expected_result = target
+        result = instance._make_signal_handler(target)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+
+class DaemonContext_make_signal_handler_map_TestCase(
+        DaemonContext_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonContext._make_signal_handler_map function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(DaemonContext_make_signal_handler_map_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_instance.signal_map = {
+                object(): object(),
+                object(): object(),
+                object(): object(),
+                }
+
+        self.test_signal_handlers = dict(
+                (key, object())
+                for key in self.test_instance.signal_map.values())
+        self.test_signal_handler_map = dict(
+                (key, self.test_signal_handlers[target])
+                for (key, target) in self.test_instance.signal_map.items())
+
+        def fake_make_signal_handler(target):
+            return self.test_signal_handlers[target]
+
+        func_patcher_make_signal_handler = mock.patch.object(
+                daemon.daemon.DaemonContext, "_make_signal_handler",
+                side_effect=fake_make_signal_handler)
+        self.mock_func_make_signal_handler = (
+                func_patcher_make_signal_handler.start())
+        self.addCleanup(func_patcher_make_signal_handler.stop)
+
+    def test_returns_constructed_signal_handler_items(self):
+        """ Should return items as constructed via make_signal_handler. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        expected_result = self.test_signal_handler_map
+        result = instance._make_signal_handler_map()
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+
+try:
+    FileNotFoundError
+except NameError:
+    # Python 2 uses IOError.
+    FileNotFoundError = functools.partial(IOError, errno.ENOENT)
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(os, "chdir")
+class change_working_directory_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for change_working_directory function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(change_working_directory_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_directory = object()
+        self.test_args = dict(
+                directory=self.test_directory,
+                )
+
+    def test_changes_working_directory_to_specified_directory(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_chdir):
+        """ Should change working directory to specified directory. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        directory = self.test_directory
+        daemon.daemon.change_working_directory(**args)
+        mock_func_os_chdir.assert_called_with(directory)
+
+    def test_raises_daemon_error_on_os_error(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_chdir):
+        """ Should raise a DaemonError on receiving an IOError. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        test_error = FileNotFoundError("No such directory")
+        mock_func_os_chdir.side_effect = test_error
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.change_working_directory, **args)
+        self.assertEqual(test_error, exc.__cause__)
+
+    def test_error_message_contains_original_error_message(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_chdir):
+        """ Should raise a DaemonError with original message. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        test_error = FileNotFoundError("No such directory")
+        mock_func_os_chdir.side_effect = test_error
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.change_working_directory, **args)
+        self.assertIn(unicode(test_error), unicode(exc))
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(os, "chroot")
+@mock.patch.object(os, "chdir")
+class change_root_directory_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for change_root_directory function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(change_root_directory_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_directory = object()
+        self.test_args = dict(
+                directory=self.test_directory,
+                )
+
+    def test_changes_working_directory_to_specified_directory(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_chdir, mock_func_os_chroot):
+        """ Should change working directory to specified directory. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        directory = self.test_directory
+        daemon.daemon.change_root_directory(**args)
+        mock_func_os_chdir.assert_called_with(directory)
+
+    def test_changes_root_directory_to_specified_directory(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_chdir, mock_func_os_chroot):
+        """ Should change root directory to specified directory. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        directory = self.test_directory
+        daemon.daemon.change_root_directory(**args)
+        mock_func_os_chroot.assert_called_with(directory)
+
+    def test_raises_daemon_error_on_os_error_from_chdir(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_chdir, mock_func_os_chroot):
+        """ Should raise a DaemonError on receiving an IOError from chdir. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        test_error = FileNotFoundError("No such directory")
+        mock_func_os_chdir.side_effect = test_error
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.change_root_directory, **args)
+        self.assertEqual(test_error, exc.__cause__)
+
+    def test_raises_daemon_error_on_os_error_from_chroot(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_chdir, mock_func_os_chroot):
+        """ Should raise a DaemonError on receiving an OSError from chroot. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        test_error = OSError(errno.EPERM, "No chroot for you!")
+        mock_func_os_chroot.side_effect = test_error
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.change_root_directory, **args)
+        self.assertEqual(test_error, exc.__cause__)
+
+    def test_error_message_contains_original_error_message(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_chdir, mock_func_os_chroot):
+        """ Should raise a DaemonError with original message. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        test_error = FileNotFoundError("No such directory")
+        mock_func_os_chdir.side_effect = test_error
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.change_root_directory, **args)
+        self.assertIn(unicode(test_error), unicode(exc))
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(os, "umask")
+class change_file_creation_mask_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for change_file_creation_mask function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(change_file_creation_mask_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_mask = object()
+        self.test_args = dict(
+                mask=self.test_mask,
+                )
+
+    def test_changes_umask_to_specified_mask(self, mock_func_os_umask):
+        """ Should change working directory to specified directory. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        mask = self.test_mask
+        daemon.daemon.change_file_creation_mask(**args)
+        mock_func_os_umask.assert_called_with(mask)
+
+    def test_raises_daemon_error_on_os_error_from_chdir(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_umask):
+        """ Should raise a DaemonError on receiving an OSError from umask. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        test_error = OSError(errno.EINVAL, "Whatchoo talkin' 'bout?")
+        mock_func_os_umask.side_effect = test_error
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.change_file_creation_mask, **args)
+        self.assertEqual(test_error, exc.__cause__)
+
+    def test_error_message_contains_original_error_message(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_umask):
+        """ Should raise a DaemonError with original message. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        test_error = FileNotFoundError("No such directory")
+        mock_func_os_umask.side_effect = test_error
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.change_file_creation_mask, **args)
+        self.assertIn(unicode(test_error), unicode(exc))
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(os, "setgid")
+@mock.patch.object(os, "setuid")
+class change_process_owner_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for change_process_owner function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(change_process_owner_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_uid = object()
+        self.test_gid = object()
+        self.test_args = dict(
+                uid=self.test_uid,
+                gid=self.test_gid,
+                )
+
+    def test_changes_gid_and_uid_in_order(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_setuid, mock_func_os_setgid):
+        """ Should change process GID and UID in correct order.
+
+            Since the process requires appropriate privilege to use
+            either of `setuid` or `setgid`, changing the UID must be
+            done last.
+
+            """
+        args = self.test_args
+        daemon.daemon.change_process_owner(**args)
+        mock_func_os_setuid.assert_called()
+        mock_func_os_setgid.assert_called()
+
+    def test_changes_group_id_to_gid(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_setuid, mock_func_os_setgid):
+        """ Should change process GID to specified value. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        gid = self.test_gid
+        daemon.daemon.change_process_owner(**args)
+        mock_func_os_setgid.assert_called(gid)
+
+    def test_changes_user_id_to_uid(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_setuid, mock_func_os_setgid):
+        """ Should change process UID to specified value. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        uid = self.test_uid
+        daemon.daemon.change_process_owner(**args)
+        mock_func_os_setuid.assert_called(uid)
+
+    def test_raises_daemon_error_on_os_error_from_setgid(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_setuid, mock_func_os_setgid):
+        """ Should raise a DaemonError on receiving an OSError from setgid. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        test_error = OSError(errno.EPERM, "No switching for you!")
+        mock_func_os_setgid.side_effect = test_error
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.change_process_owner, **args)
+        self.assertEqual(test_error, exc.__cause__)
+
+    def test_raises_daemon_error_on_os_error_from_setuid(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_setuid, mock_func_os_setgid):
+        """ Should raise a DaemonError on receiving an OSError from setuid. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        test_error = OSError(errno.EPERM, "No switching for you!")
+        mock_func_os_setuid.side_effect = test_error
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.change_process_owner, **args)
+        self.assertEqual(test_error, exc.__cause__)
+
+    def test_error_message_contains_original_error_message(
+            self,
+            mock_func_os_setuid, mock_func_os_setgid):
+        """ Should raise a DaemonError with original message. """
+        args = self.test_args
+        test_error = OSError(errno.EINVAL, "Whatchoo talkin' 'bout?")
+        mock_func_os_setuid.side_effect = test_error
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.change_process_owner, **args)
+        self.assertIn(unicode(test_error), unicode(exc))
+
+
+RLimitResult = collections.namedtuple('RLimitResult', ['soft', 'hard'])
+
+fake_RLIMIT_CORE = object()
+
+@mock.patch.object(resource, "RLIMIT_CORE", new=fake_RLIMIT_CORE)
+@mock.patch.object(resource, "setrlimit", side_effect=(lambda x, y: None))
+@mock.patch.object(resource, "getrlimit", side_effect=(lambda x: None))
+class prevent_core_dump_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for prevent_core_dump function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(prevent_core_dump_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+    def test_sets_core_limit_to_zero(
+            self,
+            mock_func_resource_getrlimit, mock_func_resource_setrlimit):
+        """ Should set the RLIMIT_CORE resource to zero. """
+        expected_resource = fake_RLIMIT_CORE
+        expected_limit = tuple(RLimitResult(soft=0, hard=0))
+        daemon.daemon.prevent_core_dump()
+        mock_func_resource_getrlimit.assert_called_with(expected_resource)
+        mock_func_resource_setrlimit.assert_called_with(
+                expected_resource, expected_limit)
+
+    def test_raises_error_when_no_core_resource(
+            self,
+            mock_func_resource_getrlimit, mock_func_resource_setrlimit):
+        """ Should raise DaemonError if no RLIMIT_CORE resource. """
+        test_error = ValueError("Bogus platform doesn't have RLIMIT_CORE")
+        def fake_getrlimit(res):
+            if res == resource.RLIMIT_CORE:
+                raise test_error
+            else:
+                return None
+        mock_func_resource_getrlimit.side_effect = fake_getrlimit
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.prevent_core_dump)
+        self.assertEqual(test_error, exc.__cause__)
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(os, "close")
+class close_file_descriptor_if_open_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for close_file_descriptor_if_open function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(close_file_descriptor_if_open_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.fake_fd = 274
+
+    def test_requests_file_descriptor_close(self, mock_func_os_close):
+        """ Should request close of file descriptor. """
+        fd = self.fake_fd
+        daemon.daemon.close_file_descriptor_if_open(fd)
+        mock_func_os_close.assert_called_with(fd)
+
+    def test_ignores_badfd_error_on_close(self, mock_func_os_close):
+        """ Should ignore OSError EBADF when closing. """
+        fd = self.fake_fd
+        test_error = OSError(errno.EBADF, "Bad file descriptor")
+        def fake_os_close(fd):
+            raise test_error
+        mock_func_os_close.side_effect = fake_os_close
+        daemon.daemon.close_file_descriptor_if_open(fd)
+        mock_func_os_close.assert_called_with(fd)
+
+    def test_raises_error_if_oserror_on_close(self, mock_func_os_close):
+        """ Should raise DaemonError if an OSError occurs when closing. """
+        fd = self.fake_fd
+        test_error = OSError(object(), "Unexpected error")
+        def fake_os_close(fd):
+            raise test_error
+        mock_func_os_close.side_effect = fake_os_close
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.close_file_descriptor_if_open, fd)
+        self.assertEqual(test_error, exc.__cause__)
+
+    def test_raises_error_if_ioerror_on_close(self, mock_func_os_close):
+        """ Should raise DaemonError if an IOError occurs when closing. """
+        fd = self.fake_fd
+        test_error = IOError(object(), "Unexpected error")
+        def fake_os_close(fd):
+            raise test_error
+        mock_func_os_close.side_effect = fake_os_close
+        expected_error = daemon.daemon.DaemonOSEnvironmentError
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.daemon.close_file_descriptor_if_open, fd)
+        self.assertEqual(test_error, exc.__cause__)
+
+
+class maxfd_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for module MAXFD constant. """
+
+    def test_positive(self):
+        """ Should be a positive number. """
+        maxfd = daemon.daemon.MAXFD
+        self.assertTrue(maxfd > 0)
+
+    def test_integer(self):
+        """ Should be an integer. """
+        maxfd = daemon.daemon.MAXFD
+        self.assertEqual(int(maxfd), maxfd)
+
+    def test_reasonably_high(self):
+        """ Should be reasonably high for default open files limit.
+
+            If the system reports a limit of “infinity” on maximum
+            file descriptors, we still need a finite number in order
+            to close “all” of them. Ensure this is reasonably high
+            to catch most use cases.
+
+            """
+        expected_minimum = 2048
+        maxfd = daemon.daemon.MAXFD
+        self.assertTrue(
+                expected_minimum <= maxfd,
+                msg=(
+                    "MAXFD should be at least {minimum!r}"
+                    " (got {maxfd!r})".format(
+                        minimum=expected_minimum, maxfd=maxfd)))
+
+
+fake_default_maxfd = 8
+fake_RLIMIT_NOFILE = object()
+fake_RLIM_INFINITY = object()
+fake_rlimit_nofile_large = 2468
+
+def fake_getrlimit_nofile_soft_infinity(resource):
+    result = RLimitResult(soft=fake_RLIM_INFINITY, hard=object())
+    if resource != fake_RLIMIT_NOFILE:
+        result = NotImplemented
+    return result
+
+def fake_getrlimit_nofile_hard_infinity(resource):
+    result = RLimitResult(soft=object(), hard=fake_RLIM_INFINITY)
+    if resource != fake_RLIMIT_NOFILE:
+        result = NotImplemented
+    return result
+
+def fake_getrlimit_nofile_hard_large(resource):
+    result = RLimitResult(soft=object(), hard=fake_rlimit_nofile_large)
+    if resource != fake_RLIMIT_NOFILE:
+        result = NotImplemented
+    return result
+
+@mock.patch.object(daemon.daemon, "MAXFD", new=fake_default_maxfd)
+@mock.patch.object(resource, "RLIMIT_NOFILE", new=fake_RLIMIT_NOFILE)
+@mock.patch.object(resource, "RLIM_INFINITY", new=fake_RLIM_INFINITY)
+@mock.patch.object(
+        resource, "getrlimit",
+        side_effect=fake_getrlimit_nofile_hard_large)
+class get_maximum_file_descriptors_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for get_maximum_file_descriptors function. """
+
+    def test_returns_system_hard_limit(self, mock_func_resource_getrlimit):
+        """ Should return process hard limit on number of files. """
+        expected_result = fake_rlimit_nofile_large
+        result = daemon.daemon.get_maximum_file_descriptors()
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+    def test_returns_module_default_if_hard_limit_infinity(
+            self, mock_func_resource_getrlimit):
+        """ Should return module MAXFD if hard limit is infinity. """
+        mock_func_resource_getrlimit.side_effect = (
+                fake_getrlimit_nofile_hard_infinity)
+        expected_result = fake_default_maxfd
+        result = daemon.daemon.get_maximum_file_descriptors()
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+
+def fake_get_maximum_file_descriptors():
+    return fake_default_maxfd
+
+@mock.patch.object(resource, "RLIMIT_NOFILE", new=fake_RLIMIT_NOFILE)
+@mock.patch.object(resource, "RLIM_INFINITY", new=fake_RLIM_INFINITY)
+@mock.patch.object(
+        resource, "getrlimit",
+        new=fake_getrlimit_nofile_soft_infinity)
+@mock.patch.object(
+        daemon.daemon, "get_maximum_file_descriptors",
+        new=fake_get_maximum_file_descriptors)
+@mock.patch.object(daemon.daemon, "close_file_descriptor_if_open")
+class close_all_open_files_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for close_all_open_files function. """
+
+    def test_requests_all_open_files_to_close(
+            self, mock_func_close_file_descriptor_if_open):
+        """ Should request close of all open files. """
+        expected_file_descriptors = range(fake_default_maxfd)
+        expected_calls = [
+                mock.call(fd) for fd in expected_file_descriptors]
+        daemon.daemon.close_all_open_files()
+        mock_func_close_file_descriptor_if_open.assert_has_calls(
+                expected_calls, any_order=True)
+
+    def test_requests_all_but_excluded_files_to_close(
+            self, mock_func_close_file_descriptor_if_open):
+        """ Should request close of all open files but those excluded. """
+        test_exclude = set([3, 7])
+        args = dict(
+                exclude=test_exclude,
+                )
+        expected_file_descriptors = set(
+                fd for fd in range(fake_default_maxfd)
+                if fd not in test_exclude)
+        expected_calls = [
+                mock.call(fd) for fd in expected_file_descriptors]
+        daemon.daemon.close_all_open_files(**args)
+        mock_func_close_file_descriptor_if_open.assert_has_calls(
+                expected_calls, any_order=True)
+
+
+class detach_process_context_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for detach_process_context function. """
+
+    class FakeOSExit(SystemExit):
+        """ Fake exception raised for os._exit(). """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(detach_process_context_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.mock_module_os = mock.MagicMock(wraps=os)
+
+        fake_pids = [0, 0]
+        func_patcher_os_fork = mock.patch.object(
+                os, "fork",
+                side_effect=iter(fake_pids))
+        self.mock_func_os_fork = func_patcher_os_fork.start()
+        self.addCleanup(func_patcher_os_fork.stop)
+        self.mock_module_os.attach_mock(self.mock_func_os_fork, "fork")
+
+        func_patcher_os_setsid = mock.patch.object(os, "setsid")
+        self.mock_func_os_setsid = func_patcher_os_setsid.start()
+        self.addCleanup(func_patcher_os_setsid.stop)
+        self.mock_module_os.attach_mock(self.mock_func_os_setsid, "setsid")
+
+        def raise_os_exit(status=None):
+            raise self.FakeOSExit(status)
+
+        func_patcher_os_force_exit = mock.patch.object(
+                os, "_exit",
+                side_effect=raise_os_exit)
+        self.mock_func_os_force_exit = func_patcher_os_force_exit.start()
+        self.addCleanup(func_patcher_os_force_exit.stop)
+        self.mock_module_os.attach_mock(self.mock_func_os_force_exit, "_exit")
+
+    def test_parent_exits(self):
+        """ Parent process should exit. """
+        parent_pid = 23
+        self.mock_func_os_fork.side_effect = iter([parent_pid])
+        self.assertRaises(
+                self.FakeOSExit,
+                daemon.daemon.detach_process_context)
+        self.mock_module_os.assert_has_calls([
+                mock.call.fork(),
+                mock.call._exit(0),
+                ])
+
+    def test_first_fork_error_raises_error(self):
+        """ Error on first fork should raise DaemonProcessDetachError. """
+        fork_errno = 13
+        fork_strerror = "Bad stuff happened"
+        test_error = OSError(fork_errno, fork_strerror)
+        test_pids_iter = iter([test_error])
+
+        def fake_fork():
+            next_item = next(test_pids_iter)
+            if isinstance(next_item, Exception):
+                raise next_item
+            else:
+                return next_item
+
+        self.mock_func_os_fork.side_effect = fake_fork
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                daemon.daemon.DaemonProcessDetachError,
+                daemon.daemon.detach_process_context)
+        self.assertEqual(test_error, exc.__cause__)
+        self.mock_module_os.assert_has_calls([
+                mock.call.fork(),
+                ])
+
+    def test_child_starts_new_process_group(self):
+        """ Child should start new process group. """
+        daemon.daemon.detach_process_context()
+        self.mock_module_os.assert_has_calls([
+                mock.call.fork(),
+                mock.call.setsid(),
+                ])
+
+    def test_child_forks_next_parent_exits(self):
+        """ Child should fork, then exit if parent. """
+        fake_pids = [0, 42]
+        self.mock_func_os_fork.side_effect = iter(fake_pids)
+        self.assertRaises(
+                self.FakeOSExit,
+                daemon.daemon.detach_process_context)
+        self.mock_module_os.assert_has_calls([
+                mock.call.fork(),
+                mock.call.setsid(),
+                mock.call.fork(),
+                mock.call._exit(0),
+                ])
+
+    def test_second_fork_error_reports_to_stderr(self):
+        """ Error on second fork should cause report to stderr. """
+        fork_errno = 17
+        fork_strerror = "Nasty stuff happened"
+        test_error = OSError(fork_errno, fork_strerror)
+        test_pids_iter = iter([0, test_error])
+
+        def fake_fork():
+            next_item = next(test_pids_iter)
+            if isinstance(next_item, Exception):
+                raise next_item
+            else:
+                return next_item
+
+        self.mock_func_os_fork.side_effect = fake_fork
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                daemon.daemon.DaemonProcessDetachError,
+                daemon.daemon.detach_process_context)
+        self.assertEqual(test_error, exc.__cause__)
+        self.mock_module_os.assert_has_calls([
+                mock.call.fork(),
+                mock.call.setsid(),
+                mock.call.fork(),
+                ])
+
+    def test_child_forks_next_child_continues(self):
+        """ Child should fork, then continue if child. """
+        daemon.daemon.detach_process_context()
+        self.mock_module_os.assert_has_calls([
+                mock.call.fork(),
+                mock.call.setsid(),
+                mock.call.fork(),
+                ])
+
+
+@mock.patch("os.getppid", return_value=765)
+class is_process_started_by_init_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for is_process_started_by_init function. """
+
+    def test_returns_false_by_default(self, mock_func_os_getppid):
+        """ Should return False under normal circumstances. """
+        expected_result = False
+        result = daemon.daemon.is_process_started_by_init()
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+    def test_returns_true_if_parent_process_is_init(
+            self, mock_func_os_getppid):
+        """ Should return True if parent process is `init`. """
+        init_pid = 1
+        mock_func_os_getppid.return_value = init_pid
+        expected_result = True
+        result = daemon.daemon.is_process_started_by_init()
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+
+class is_socket_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for is_socket function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(is_socket_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        def fake_getsockopt(level, optname, buflen=None):
+            result = object()
+            if optname is socket.SO_TYPE:
+                result = socket.SOCK_RAW
+            return result
+
+        self.fake_socket_getsockopt_func = fake_getsockopt
+
+        self.fake_socket_error = socket.error(
+                errno.ENOTSOCK,
+                "Socket operation on non-socket")
+
+        self.mock_socket = mock.MagicMock(spec=socket.socket)
+        self.mock_socket.getsockopt.side_effect = self.fake_socket_error
+
+        def fake_socket_fromfd(fd, family, type, proto=None):
+            return self.mock_socket
+
+        func_patcher_socket_fromfd = mock.patch.object(
+                socket, "fromfd",
+                side_effect=fake_socket_fromfd)
+        func_patcher_socket_fromfd.start()
+        self.addCleanup(func_patcher_socket_fromfd.stop)
+
+    def test_returns_false_by_default(self):
+        """ Should return False under normal circumstances. """
+        test_fd = 23
+        expected_result = False
+        result = daemon.daemon.is_socket(test_fd)
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+    def test_returns_true_if_stdin_is_socket(self):
+        """ Should return True if `stdin` is a socket. """
+        test_fd = 23
+        getsockopt = self.mock_socket.getsockopt
+        getsockopt.side_effect = self.fake_socket_getsockopt_func
+        expected_result = True
+        result = daemon.daemon.is_socket(test_fd)
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+    def test_returns_false_if_stdin_socket_raises_error(self):
+        """ Should return True if `stdin` is a socket and raises error. """
+        test_fd = 23
+        getsockopt = self.mock_socket.getsockopt
+        getsockopt.side_effect = socket.error(
+                object(), "Weird socket stuff")
+        expected_result = True
+        result = daemon.daemon.is_socket(test_fd)
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+
+class is_process_started_by_superserver_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for is_process_started_by_superserver function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(is_process_started_by_superserver_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        def fake_is_socket(fd):
+            if sys.__stdin__.fileno() == fd:
+                result = self.fake_stdin_is_socket_func()
+            else:
+                result = False
+            return result
+
+        self.fake_stdin_is_socket_func = (lambda: False)
+
+        func_patcher_is_socket = mock.patch.object(
+                daemon.daemon, "is_socket",
+                side_effect=fake_is_socket)
+        func_patcher_is_socket.start()
+        self.addCleanup(func_patcher_is_socket.stop)
+
+    def test_returns_false_by_default(self):
+        """ Should return False under normal circumstances. """
+        expected_result = False
+        result = daemon.daemon.is_process_started_by_superserver()
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+    def test_returns_true_if_stdin_is_socket(self):
+        """ Should return True if `stdin` is a socket. """
+        self.fake_stdin_is_socket_func = (lambda: True)
+        expected_result = True
+        result = daemon.daemon.is_process_started_by_superserver()
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(
+        daemon.daemon, "is_process_started_by_superserver",
+        return_value=False)
+@mock.patch.object(
+        daemon.daemon, "is_process_started_by_init",
+        return_value=False)
+class is_detach_process_context_required_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for is_detach_process_context_required function. """
+
+    def test_returns_true_by_default(
+            self,
+            mock_func_is_process_started_by_init,
+            mock_func_is_process_started_by_superserver):
+        """ Should return True under normal circumstances. """
+        expected_result = True
+        result = daemon.daemon.is_detach_process_context_required()
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+    def test_returns_false_if_started_by_init(
+            self,
+            mock_func_is_process_started_by_init,
+            mock_func_is_process_started_by_superserver):
+        """ Should return False if current process started by init. """
+        mock_func_is_process_started_by_init.return_value = True
+        expected_result = False
+        result = daemon.daemon.is_detach_process_context_required()
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+    def test_returns_true_if_started_by_superserver(
+            self,
+            mock_func_is_process_started_by_init,
+            mock_func_is_process_started_by_superserver):
+        """ Should return False if current process started by superserver. """
+        mock_func_is_process_started_by_superserver.return_value = True
+        expected_result = False
+        result = daemon.daemon.is_detach_process_context_required()
+        self.assertIs(result, expected_result)
+
+
+def setup_streams_fixtures(testcase):
+    """ Set up common test fixtures for standard streams. """
+    testcase.stream_file_paths = dict(
+            stdin=tempfile.mktemp(),
+            stdout=tempfile.mktemp(),
+            stderr=tempfile.mktemp(),
+            )
+
+    testcase.stream_files_by_name = dict(
+            (name, FakeFileDescriptorStringIO())
+            for name in ['stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr']
+            )
+
+    testcase.stream_files_by_path = dict(
+            (testcase.stream_file_paths[name],
+                testcase.stream_files_by_name[name])
+            for name in ['stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr']
+            )
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(os, "dup2")
+class redirect_stream_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for redirect_stream function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(redirect_stream_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_system_stream = FakeFileDescriptorStringIO()
+        self.test_target_stream = FakeFileDescriptorStringIO()
+        self.test_null_file = FakeFileDescriptorStringIO()
+
+        def fake_os_open(path, flag, mode=None):
+            if path == os.devnull:
+                result = self.test_null_file.fileno()
+            else:
+                raise FileNotFoundError("No such file", path)
+            return result
+
+        func_patcher_os_open = mock.patch.object(
+                os, "open",
+                side_effect=fake_os_open)
+        self.mock_func_os_open = func_patcher_os_open.start()
+        self.addCleanup(func_patcher_os_open.stop)
+
+    def test_duplicates_target_file_descriptor(
+            self, mock_func_os_dup2):
+        """ Should duplicate file descriptor from target to system stream. """
+        system_stream = self.test_system_stream
+        system_fileno = system_stream.fileno()
+        target_stream = self.test_target_stream
+        target_fileno = target_stream.fileno()
+        daemon.daemon.redirect_stream(system_stream, target_stream)
+        mock_func_os_dup2.assert_called_with(target_fileno, system_fileno)
+
+    def test_duplicates_null_file_descriptor_by_default(
+            self, mock_func_os_dup2):
+        """ Should by default duplicate the null file to the system stream. """
+        system_stream = self.test_system_stream
+        system_fileno = system_stream.fileno()
+        target_stream = None
+        null_path = os.devnull
+        null_flag = os.O_RDWR
+        null_file = self.test_null_file
+        null_fileno = null_file.fileno()
+        daemon.daemon.redirect_stream(system_stream, target_stream)
+        self.mock_func_os_open.assert_called_with(null_path, null_flag)
+        mock_func_os_dup2.assert_called_with(null_fileno, system_fileno)
+
+
+class make_default_signal_map_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for make_default_signal_map function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(make_default_signal_map_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        # Use whatever default string type this Python version needs.
+        signal_module_name = str('signal')
+        self.fake_signal_module = ModuleType(signal_module_name)
+
+        fake_signal_names = [
+                'SIGHUP',
+                'SIGCLD',
+                'SIGSEGV',
+                'SIGTSTP',
+                'SIGTTIN',
+                'SIGTTOU',
+                'SIGTERM',
+                ]
+        for name in fake_signal_names:
+            setattr(self.fake_signal_module, name, object())
+
+        module_patcher_signal = mock.patch.object(
+                daemon.daemon, "signal", new=self.fake_signal_module)
+        module_patcher_signal.start()
+        self.addCleanup(module_patcher_signal.stop)
+
+        default_signal_map_by_name = {
+                'SIGTSTP': None,
+                'SIGTTIN': None,
+                'SIGTTOU': None,
+                'SIGTERM': 'terminate',
+                }
+        self.default_signal_map = dict(
+                (getattr(self.fake_signal_module, name), target)
+                for (name, target) in default_signal_map_by_name.items())
+
+    def test_returns_constructed_signal_map(self):
+        """ Should return map per default. """
+        expected_result = self.default_signal_map
+        result = daemon.daemon.make_default_signal_map()
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+    def test_returns_signal_map_with_only_ids_in_signal_module(self):
+        """ Should return map with only signals in the `signal` module.
+
+            The `signal` module is documented to only define those
+            signals which exist on the running system. Therefore the
+            default map should not contain any signals which are not
+            defined in the `signal` module.
+
+            """
+        del(self.default_signal_map[self.fake_signal_module.SIGTTOU])
+        del(self.fake_signal_module.SIGTTOU)
+        expected_result = self.default_signal_map
+        result = daemon.daemon.make_default_signal_map()
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(daemon.daemon.signal, "signal")
+class set_signal_handlers_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for set_signal_handlers function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(set_signal_handlers_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.signal_handler_map = {
+                signal.SIGQUIT: object(),
+                signal.SIGSEGV: object(),
+                signal.SIGINT: object(),
+                }
+
+    def test_sets_signal_handler_for_each_item(self, mock_func_signal_signal):
+        """ Should set signal handler for each item in map. """
+        signal_handler_map = self.signal_handler_map
+        expected_calls = [
+                mock.call(signal_number, handler)
+                for (signal_number, handler) in signal_handler_map.items()]
+        daemon.daemon.set_signal_handlers(signal_handler_map)
+        self.assertEquals(expected_calls, mock_func_signal_signal.mock_calls)
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(daemon.daemon.atexit, "register")
+class register_atexit_function_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for register_atexit_function function. """
+
+    def test_registers_function_for_atexit_processing(
+            self, mock_func_atexit_register):
+        """ Should register specified function for atexit processing. """
+        func = object()
+        daemon.daemon.register_atexit_function(func)
+        mock_func_atexit_register.assert_called_with(func)
+
+
+# Local variables:
+# coding: utf-8
+# mode: python
+# End:
+# vim: fileencoding=utf-8 filetype=python :
diff --git a/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/test_metadata.py b/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/test_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..692753f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/test_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# test/test_metadata.py
+# Part of ‘python-daemon’, an implementation of PEP 3143.
+#
+# Copyright © 2008–2015 Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au>
+#
+# This is free software: you may copy, modify, and/or distribute this work
+# under the terms of the Apache License, version 2.0 as published by the
+# Apache Software Foundation.
+# No warranty expressed or implied. See the file ‘LICENSE.ASF-2’ for details.
+
+""" Unit test for ‘_metadata’ private module.
+    """
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, unicode_literals)
+
+import sys
+import errno
+import re
+try:
+    # Python 3 standard library.
+    import urllib.parse as urlparse
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 2 standard library.
+    import urlparse
+import functools
+import collections
+import json
+
+import pkg_resources
+import mock
+import testtools.helpers
+import testtools.matchers
+import testscenarios
+
+from . import scaffold
+from .scaffold import (basestring, unicode)
+
+import daemon._metadata as metadata
+
+
+class HasAttribute(testtools.matchers.Matcher):
+    """ A matcher to assert an object has a named attribute. """
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.attribute_name = name
+
+    def match(self, instance):
+        """ Assert the object `instance` has an attribute named `name`. """
+        result = None
+        if not testtools.helpers.safe_hasattr(instance, self.attribute_name):
+            result = AttributeNotFoundMismatch(instance, self.attribute_name)
+        return result
+
+
+class AttributeNotFoundMismatch(testtools.matchers.Mismatch):
+    """ The specified instance does not have the named attribute. """
+
+    def __init__(self, instance, name):
+        self.instance = instance
+        self.attribute_name = name
+
+    def describe(self):
+        """ Emit a text description of this mismatch. """
+        text = (
+                "{instance!r}"
+                " has no attribute named {name!r}").format(
+                    instance=self.instance, name=self.attribute_name)
+        return text
+
+
+class metadata_value_TestCase(scaffold.TestCaseWithScenarios):
+    """ Test cases for metadata module values. """
+
+    expected_str_attributes = set([
+            'version_installed',
+            'author',
+            'copyright',
+            'license',
+            'url',
+            ])
+
+    scenarios = [
+            (name, {'attribute_name': name})
+            for name in expected_str_attributes]
+    for (name, params) in scenarios:
+        if name == 'version_installed':
+            # No duck typing, this attribute might be None.
+            params['ducktype_attribute_name'] = NotImplemented
+            continue
+        # Expect an attribute of ‘str’ to test this value.
+        params['ducktype_attribute_name'] = 'isdigit'
+
+    def test_module_has_attribute(self):
+        """ Metadata should have expected value as a module attribute. """
+        self.assertThat(
+                metadata, HasAttribute(self.attribute_name))
+
+    def test_module_attribute_has_duck_type(self):
+        """ Metadata value should have expected duck-typing attribute. """
+        if self.ducktype_attribute_name == NotImplemented:
+            self.skipTest("Can't assert this attribute's type")
+        instance = getattr(metadata, self.attribute_name)
+        self.assertThat(
+                instance, HasAttribute(self.ducktype_attribute_name))
+
+
+class parse_person_field_TestCase(
+        testscenarios.WithScenarios, testtools.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for ‘get_latest_version’ function. """
+
+    scenarios = [
+            ('simple', {
+                'test_person': "Foo Bar <foo.bar@example.com>",
+                'expected_result': ("Foo Bar", "foo.bar@example.com"),
+                }),
+            ('empty', {
+                'test_person': "",
+                'expected_result': (None, None),
+                }),
+            ('none', {
+                'test_person': None,
+                'expected_error': TypeError,
+                }),
+            ('no email', {
+                'test_person': "Foo Bar",
+                'expected_result': ("Foo Bar", None),
+                }),
+            ]
+
+    def test_returns_expected_result(self):
+        """ Should return expected result. """
+        if hasattr(self, 'expected_error'):
+            self.assertRaises(
+                    self.expected_error,
+                    metadata.parse_person_field, self.test_person)
+        else:
+            result = metadata.parse_person_field(self.test_person)
+            self.assertEqual(self.expected_result, result)
+
+
+class YearRange_TestCase(scaffold.TestCaseWithScenarios):
+    """ Test cases for ‘YearRange’ class. """
+
+    scenarios = [
+            ('simple', {
+                'begin_year': 1970,
+                'end_year': 1979,
+                'expected_text': "1970–1979",
+                }),
+            ('same year', {
+                'begin_year': 1970,
+                'end_year': 1970,
+                'expected_text': "1970",
+                }),
+            ('no end year', {
+                'begin_year': 1970,
+                'end_year': None,
+                'expected_text': "1970",
+                }),
+            ]
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(YearRange_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_instance = metadata.YearRange(
+                self.begin_year, self.end_year)
+
+    def test_text_representation_as_expected(self):
+        """ Text representation should be as expected. """
+        result = unicode(self.test_instance)
+        self.assertEqual(result, self.expected_text)
+
+
+FakeYearRange = collections.namedtuple('FakeYearRange', ['begin', 'end'])
+
+@mock.patch.object(metadata, 'YearRange', new=FakeYearRange)
+class make_year_range_TestCase(scaffold.TestCaseWithScenarios):
+    """ Test cases for ‘make_year_range’ function. """
+
+    scenarios = [
+            ('simple', {
+                'begin_year': "1970",
+                'end_date': "1979-01-01",
+                'expected_range': FakeYearRange(begin=1970, end=1979),
+                }),
+            ('same year', {
+                'begin_year': "1970",
+                'end_date': "1970-01-01",
+                'expected_range': FakeYearRange(begin=1970, end=1970),
+                }),
+            ('no end year', {
+                'begin_year': "1970",
+                'end_date': None,
+                'expected_range': FakeYearRange(begin=1970, end=None),
+                }),
+            ('end date UNKNOWN token', {
+                'begin_year': "1970",
+                'end_date': "UNKNOWN",
+                'expected_range': FakeYearRange(begin=1970, end=None),
+                }),
+            ('end date FUTURE token', {
+                'begin_year': "1970",
+                'end_date': "FUTURE",
+                'expected_range': FakeYearRange(begin=1970, end=None),
+                }),
+            ]
+
+    def test_result_matches_expected_range(self):
+        """ Result should match expected YearRange. """
+        result = metadata.make_year_range(self.begin_year, self.end_date)
+        self.assertEqual(result, self.expected_range)
+
+
+class metadata_content_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for content of metadata. """
+
+    def test_copyright_formatted_correctly(self):
+        """ Copyright statement should be formatted correctly. """
+        regex_pattern = (
+                "Copyright © "
+                "\d{4}" # four-digit year
+                "(?:–\d{4})?" # optional range dash and ending four-digit year
+                )
+        regex_flags = re.UNICODE
+        self.assertThat(
+                metadata.copyright,
+                testtools.matchers.MatchesRegex(regex_pattern, regex_flags))
+
+    def test_author_formatted_correctly(self):
+        """ Author information should be formatted correctly. """
+        regex_pattern = (
+                ".+ " # name
+                "<[^>]+>" # email address, in angle brackets
+                )
+        regex_flags = re.UNICODE
+        self.assertThat(
+                metadata.author,
+                testtools.matchers.MatchesRegex(regex_pattern, regex_flags))
+
+    def test_copyright_contains_author(self):
+        """ Copyright information should contain author information. """
+        self.assertThat(
+                metadata.copyright,
+                testtools.matchers.Contains(metadata.author))
+
+    def test_url_parses_correctly(self):
+        """ Homepage URL should parse correctly. """
+        result = urlparse.urlparse(metadata.url)
+        self.assertIsInstance(
+                result, urlparse.ParseResult,
+                "URL value {url!r} did not parse correctly".format(
+                    url=metadata.url))
+
+
+try:
+    FileNotFoundError
+except NameError:
+    # Python 2 uses IOError.
+    FileNotFoundError = functools.partial(IOError, errno.ENOENT)
+
+version_info_filename = "version_info.json"
+
+def fake_func_has_metadata(testcase, resource_name):
+    """ Fake the behaviour of ‘pkg_resources.Distribution.has_metadata’. """
+    if (
+            resource_name != testcase.expected_resource_name
+            or not hasattr(testcase, 'test_version_info')):
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def fake_func_get_metadata(testcase, resource_name):
+    """ Fake the behaviour of ‘pkg_resources.Distribution.get_metadata’. """
+    if not fake_func_has_metadata(testcase, resource_name):
+        error = FileNotFoundError(resource_name)
+        raise error
+    content = testcase.test_version_info
+    return content
+
+
+def fake_func_get_distribution(testcase, distribution_name):
+    """ Fake the behaviour of ‘pkg_resources.get_distribution’. """
+    if distribution_name != metadata.distribution_name:
+        raise pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound
+    if hasattr(testcase, 'get_distribution_error'):
+        raise testcase.get_distribution_error
+    mock_distribution = testcase.mock_distribution
+    mock_distribution.has_metadata.side_effect = functools.partial(
+            fake_func_has_metadata, testcase)
+    mock_distribution.get_metadata.side_effect = functools.partial(
+            fake_func_get_metadata, testcase)
+    return mock_distribution
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(metadata, 'distribution_name', new="mock-dist")
+class get_distribution_version_info_TestCase(scaffold.TestCaseWithScenarios):
+    """ Test cases for ‘get_distribution_version_info’ function. """
+
+    default_version_info = {
+            'release_date': "UNKNOWN",
+            'version': "UNKNOWN",
+            'maintainer': "UNKNOWN",
+            }
+
+    scenarios = [
+            ('version 0.0', {
+                'test_version_info': json.dumps({
+                    'version': "0.0",
+                    }),
+                'expected_version_info': {'version': "0.0"},
+                }),
+            ('version 1.0', {
+                'test_version_info': json.dumps({
+                    'version': "1.0",
+                    }),
+                'expected_version_info': {'version': "1.0"},
+                }),
+            ('file lorem_ipsum.json', {
+                'version_info_filename': "lorem_ipsum.json",
+                'test_version_info': json.dumps({
+                    'version': "1.0",
+                    }),
+                'expected_version_info': {'version': "1.0"},
+                }),
+            ('not installed', {
+                'get_distribution_error': pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound(),
+                'expected_version_info': default_version_info,
+                }),
+            ('no version_info', {
+                'expected_version_info': default_version_info,
+                }),
+            ]
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(get_distribution_version_info_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        if hasattr(self, 'expected_resource_name'):
+            self.test_args = {'filename': self.expected_resource_name}
+        else:
+            self.test_args = {}
+            self.expected_resource_name = version_info_filename
+
+        self.mock_distribution = mock.MagicMock()
+        func_patcher_get_distribution = mock.patch.object(
+                pkg_resources, 'get_distribution')
+        func_patcher_get_distribution.start()
+        self.addCleanup(func_patcher_get_distribution.stop)
+        pkg_resources.get_distribution.side_effect = functools.partial(
+                fake_func_get_distribution, self)
+
+    def test_requests_installed_distribution(self):
+        """ The package distribution should be retrieved. """
+        expected_distribution_name = metadata.distribution_name
+        version_info = metadata.get_distribution_version_info(**self.test_args)
+        pkg_resources.get_distribution.assert_called_with(
+                expected_distribution_name)
+
+    def test_requests_specified_filename(self):
+        """ The specified metadata resource name should be requested. """
+        if hasattr(self, 'get_distribution_error'):
+            self.skipTest("No access to distribution")
+        version_info = metadata.get_distribution_version_info(**self.test_args)
+        self.mock_distribution.has_metadata.assert_called_with(
+                self.expected_resource_name)
+
+    def test_result_matches_expected_items(self):
+        """ The result should match the expected items. """
+        version_info = metadata.get_distribution_version_info(**self.test_args)
+        self.assertEqual(self.expected_version_info, version_info)
+
+
+# Local variables:
+# coding: utf-8
+# mode: python
+# End:
+# vim: fileencoding=utf-8 filetype=python :
diff --git a/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/test_pidfile.py b/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/test_pidfile.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b636ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/test_pidfile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# test/test_pidfile.py
+# Part of ‘python-daemon’, an implementation of PEP 3143.
+#
+# Copyright © 2008–2015 Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au>
+#
+# This is free software: you may copy, modify, and/or distribute this work
+# under the terms of the Apache License, version 2.0 as published by the
+# Apache Software Foundation.
+# No warranty expressed or implied. See the file ‘LICENSE.ASF-2’ for details.
+
+""" Unit test for ‘pidfile’ module.
+    """
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, unicode_literals)
+
+try:
+    # Python 3 standard library.
+    import builtins
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 2 standard library.
+    import __builtin__ as builtins
+import os
+import itertools
+import tempfile
+import errno
+import functools
+try:
+    # Standard library of Python 2.7 and later.
+    from io import StringIO
+except ImportError:
+    # Standard library of Python 2.6 and earlier.
+    from StringIO import StringIO
+
+import mock
+import lockfile
+
+from . import scaffold
+
+import daemon.pidfile
+
+
+class FakeFileDescriptorStringIO(StringIO, object):
+    """ A StringIO class that fakes a file descriptor. """
+
+    _fileno_generator = itertools.count()
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._fileno = next(self._fileno_generator)
+        super(FakeFileDescriptorStringIO, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self._fileno
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        pass
+
+
+try:
+    FileNotFoundError
+    PermissionError
+except NameError:
+    # Python 2 uses IOError.
+    FileNotFoundError = functools.partial(IOError, errno.ENOENT)
+    PermissionError = functools.partial(IOError, errno.EPERM)
+
+
+def make_pidlockfile_scenarios():
+    """ Make a collection of scenarios for testing `PIDLockFile` instances.
+
+        :return: A collection of scenarios for tests involving
+            `PIDLockfFile` instances.
+
+        The collection is a mapping from scenario name to a dictionary of
+        scenario attributes.
+
+        """
+
+    fake_current_pid = 235
+    fake_other_pid = 8642
+    fake_pidfile_path = tempfile.mktemp()
+
+    fake_pidfile_empty = FakeFileDescriptorStringIO()
+    fake_pidfile_current_pid = FakeFileDescriptorStringIO(
+            "{pid:d}\n".format(pid=fake_current_pid))
+    fake_pidfile_other_pid = FakeFileDescriptorStringIO(
+            "{pid:d}\n".format(pid=fake_other_pid))
+    fake_pidfile_bogus = FakeFileDescriptorStringIO(
+            "b0gUs")
+
+    scenarios = {
+            'simple': {},
+            'not-exist': {
+                'open_func_name': 'fake_open_nonexist',
+                'os_open_func_name': 'fake_os_open_nonexist',
+                },
+            'not-exist-write-denied': {
+                'open_func_name': 'fake_open_nonexist',
+                'os_open_func_name': 'fake_os_open_nonexist',
+                },
+            'not-exist-write-busy': {
+                'open_func_name': 'fake_open_nonexist',
+                'os_open_func_name': 'fake_os_open_nonexist',
+                },
+            'exist-read-denied': {
+                'open_func_name': 'fake_open_read_denied',
+                'os_open_func_name': 'fake_os_open_read_denied',
+                },
+            'exist-locked-read-denied': {
+                'locking_pid': fake_other_pid,
+                'open_func_name': 'fake_open_read_denied',
+                'os_open_func_name': 'fake_os_open_read_denied',
+                },
+            'exist-empty': {},
+            'exist-invalid': {
+                'pidfile': fake_pidfile_bogus,
+                },
+            'exist-current-pid': {
+                'pidfile': fake_pidfile_current_pid,
+                'pidfile_pid': fake_current_pid,
+                },
+            'exist-current-pid-locked': {
+                'pidfile': fake_pidfile_current_pid,
+                'pidfile_pid': fake_current_pid,
+                'locking_pid': fake_current_pid,
+                },
+            'exist-other-pid': {
+                'pidfile': fake_pidfile_other_pid,
+                'pidfile_pid': fake_other_pid,
+                },
+            'exist-other-pid-locked': {
+                'pidfile': fake_pidfile_other_pid,
+                'pidfile_pid': fake_other_pid,
+                'locking_pid': fake_other_pid,
+                },
+            }
+
+    for scenario in scenarios.values():
+        scenario['pid'] = fake_current_pid
+        scenario['pidfile_path'] = fake_pidfile_path
+        if 'pidfile' not in scenario:
+            scenario['pidfile'] = fake_pidfile_empty
+        if 'pidfile_pid' not in scenario:
+            scenario['pidfile_pid'] = None
+        if 'locking_pid' not in scenario:
+            scenario['locking_pid'] = None
+        if 'open_func_name' not in scenario:
+            scenario['open_func_name'] = 'fake_open_okay'
+        if 'os_open_func_name' not in scenario:
+            scenario['os_open_func_name'] = 'fake_os_open_okay'
+
+    return scenarios
+
+
+def setup_pidfile_fixtures(testcase):
+    """ Set up common fixtures for PID file test cases.
+
+        :param testcase: A `TestCase` instance to decorate.
+
+        Decorate the `testcase` with attributes to be fixtures for tests
+        involving `PIDLockFile` instances.
+
+        """
+    scenarios = make_pidlockfile_scenarios()
+    testcase.pidlockfile_scenarios = scenarios
+
+    def get_scenario_option(testcase, key, default=None):
+        value = default
+        try:
+            value = testcase.scenario[key]
+        except (NameError, TypeError, AttributeError, KeyError):
+            pass
+        return value
+
+    func_patcher_os_getpid = mock.patch.object(
+            os, "getpid",
+            return_value=scenarios['simple']['pid'])
+    func_patcher_os_getpid.start()
+    testcase.addCleanup(func_patcher_os_getpid.stop)
+
+    def make_fake_open_funcs(testcase):
+
+        def fake_open_nonexist(filename, mode, buffering):
+            if mode.startswith('r'):
+                error = FileNotFoundError(
+                        "No such file {filename!r}".format(
+                            filename=filename))
+                raise error
+            else:
+                result = testcase.scenario['pidfile']
+            return result
+
+        def fake_open_read_denied(filename, mode, buffering):
+            if mode.startswith('r'):
+                error = PermissionError(
+                        "Read denied on {filename!r}".format(
+                            filename=filename))
+                raise error
+            else:
+                result = testcase.scenario['pidfile']
+            return result
+
+        def fake_open_okay(filename, mode, buffering):
+            result = testcase.scenario['pidfile']
+            return result
+
+        def fake_os_open_nonexist(filename, flags, mode):
+            if (flags & os.O_CREAT):
+                result = testcase.scenario['pidfile'].fileno()
+            else:
+                error = FileNotFoundError(
+                        "No such file {filename!r}".format(
+                            filename=filename))
+                raise error
+            return result
+
+        def fake_os_open_read_denied(filename, flags, mode):
+            if (flags & os.O_CREAT):
+                result = testcase.scenario['pidfile'].fileno()
+            else:
+                error = PermissionError(
+                        "Read denied on {filename!r}".format(
+                            filename=filename))
+                raise error
+            return result
+
+        def fake_os_open_okay(filename, flags, mode):
+            result = testcase.scenario['pidfile'].fileno()
+            return result
+
+        funcs = dict(
+                (name, obj) for (name, obj) in vars().items()
+                if callable(obj))
+
+        return funcs
+
+    testcase.fake_pidfile_open_funcs = make_fake_open_funcs(testcase)
+
+    def fake_open(filename, mode='rt', buffering=None):
+        scenario_path = get_scenario_option(testcase, 'pidfile_path')
+        if filename == scenario_path:
+            func_name = testcase.scenario['open_func_name']
+            fake_open_func = testcase.fake_pidfile_open_funcs[func_name]
+            result = fake_open_func(filename, mode, buffering)
+        else:
+            result = FakeFileDescriptorStringIO()
+        return result
+
+    mock_open = mock.mock_open()
+    mock_open.side_effect = fake_open
+
+    func_patcher_builtin_open = mock.patch.object(
+            builtins, "open",
+            new=mock_open)
+    func_patcher_builtin_open.start()
+    testcase.addCleanup(func_patcher_builtin_open.stop)
+
+    def fake_os_open(filename, flags, mode=None):
+        scenario_path = get_scenario_option(testcase, 'pidfile_path')
+        if filename == scenario_path:
+            func_name = testcase.scenario['os_open_func_name']
+            fake_os_open_func = testcase.fake_pidfile_open_funcs[func_name]
+            result = fake_os_open_func(filename, flags, mode)
+        else:
+            result = FakeFileDescriptorStringIO().fileno()
+        return result
+
+    mock_os_open = mock.MagicMock(side_effect=fake_os_open)
+
+    func_patcher_os_open = mock.patch.object(
+            os, "open",
+            new=mock_os_open)
+    func_patcher_os_open.start()
+    testcase.addCleanup(func_patcher_os_open.stop)
+
+    def fake_os_fdopen(fd, mode='rt', buffering=None):
+        scenario_pidfile = get_scenario_option(
+                testcase, 'pidfile', FakeFileDescriptorStringIO())
+        if fd == testcase.scenario['pidfile'].fileno():
+            result = testcase.scenario['pidfile']
+        else:
+            raise OSError(errno.EBADF, "Bad file descriptor")
+        return result
+
+    mock_os_fdopen = mock.MagicMock(side_effect=fake_os_fdopen)
+
+    func_patcher_os_fdopen = mock.patch.object(
+            os, "fdopen",
+            new=mock_os_fdopen)
+    func_patcher_os_fdopen.start()
+    testcase.addCleanup(func_patcher_os_fdopen.stop)
+
+
+def make_lockfile_method_fakes(scenario):
+    """ Make common fake methods for lockfile class.
+
+        :param scenario: A scenario for testing with PIDLockFile.
+        :return: A mapping from normal function name to the corresponding
+            fake function.
+
+        Each fake function behaves appropriately for the specified `scenario`.
+
+        """
+
+    def fake_func_read_pid():
+        return scenario['pidfile_pid']
+    def fake_func_is_locked():
+        return (scenario['locking_pid'] is not None)
+    def fake_func_i_am_locking():
+        return (
+                scenario['locking_pid'] == scenario['pid'])
+    def fake_func_acquire(timeout=None):
+        if scenario['locking_pid'] is not None:
+            raise lockfile.AlreadyLocked()
+        scenario['locking_pid'] = scenario['pid']
+    def fake_func_release():
+        if scenario['locking_pid'] is None:
+            raise lockfile.NotLocked()
+        if scenario['locking_pid'] != scenario['pid']:
+            raise lockfile.NotMyLock()
+        scenario['locking_pid'] = None
+    def fake_func_break_lock():
+        scenario['locking_pid'] = None
+
+    fake_methods = dict(
+            (
+                func_name.replace('fake_func_', ''),
+                mock.MagicMock(side_effect=fake_func))
+            for (func_name, fake_func) in vars().items()
+                if func_name.startswith('fake_func_'))
+
+    return fake_methods
+
+
+def apply_lockfile_method_mocks(mock_lockfile, testcase, scenario):
+    """ Apply common fake methods to mock lockfile class.
+
+        :param mock_lockfile: An object providing the `LockFile` interface.
+        :param testcase: The `TestCase` instance providing the context for
+            the patch.
+        :param scenario: The `PIDLockFile` test scenario to use.
+
+        Mock the `LockFile` methods of `mock_lockfile`, by applying fake
+        methods customised for `scenario`. The mock is does by a patch
+        within the context of `testcase`.
+
+        """
+    fake_methods = dict(
+            (func_name, fake_func)
+            for (func_name, fake_func) in
+                make_lockfile_method_fakes(scenario).items()
+            if func_name not in ['read_pid'])
+
+    for (func_name, fake_func) in fake_methods.items():
+        func_patcher = mock.patch.object(
+                mock_lockfile, func_name,
+                new=fake_func)
+        func_patcher.start()
+        testcase.addCleanup(func_patcher.stop)
+
+
+def setup_pidlockfile_fixtures(testcase, scenario_name=None):
+    """ Set up common fixtures for PIDLockFile test cases.
+
+        :param testcase: The `TestCase` instance to decorate.
+        :param scenario_name: The name of the `PIDLockFile` scenario to use.
+
+        Decorate the `testcase` with attributes that are fixtures for test
+        cases involving `PIDLockFile` instances.`
+
+        """
+
+    setup_pidfile_fixtures(testcase)
+
+    for func_name in [
+            'write_pid_to_pidfile',
+            'remove_existing_pidfile',
+            ]:
+        func_patcher = mock.patch.object(lockfile.pidlockfile, func_name)
+        func_patcher.start()
+        testcase.addCleanup(func_patcher.stop)
+
+
+class TimeoutPIDLockFile_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for ‘TimeoutPIDLockFile’ class. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(TimeoutPIDLockFile_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        pidlockfile_scenarios = make_pidlockfile_scenarios()
+        self.pidlockfile_scenario = pidlockfile_scenarios['simple']
+        pidfile_path = self.pidlockfile_scenario['pidfile_path']
+
+        for func_name in ['__init__', 'acquire']:
+            func_patcher = mock.patch.object(
+                    lockfile.pidlockfile.PIDLockFile, func_name)
+            func_patcher.start()
+            self.addCleanup(func_patcher.stop)
+
+        self.scenario = {
+                'pidfile_path': self.pidlockfile_scenario['pidfile_path'],
+                'acquire_timeout': self.getUniqueInteger(),
+                }
+
+        self.test_kwargs = dict(
+                path=self.scenario['pidfile_path'],
+                acquire_timeout=self.scenario['acquire_timeout'],
+                )
+        self.test_instance = daemon.pidfile.TimeoutPIDLockFile(
+                **self.test_kwargs)
+
+    def test_inherits_from_pidlockfile(self):
+        """ Should inherit from PIDLockFile. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        self.assertIsInstance(instance, lockfile.pidlockfile.PIDLockFile)
+
+    def test_init_has_expected_signature(self):
+        """ Should have expected signature for ‘__init__’. """
+        def test_func(self, path, acquire_timeout=None, *args, **kwargs): pass
+        test_func.__name__ = str('__init__')
+        self.assertFunctionSignatureMatch(
+                test_func,
+                daemon.pidfile.TimeoutPIDLockFile.__init__)
+
+    def test_has_specified_acquire_timeout(self):
+        """ Should have specified ‘acquire_timeout’ value. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        expected_timeout = self.test_kwargs['acquire_timeout']
+        self.assertEqual(expected_timeout, instance.acquire_timeout)
+
+    @mock.patch.object(
+            lockfile.pidlockfile.PIDLockFile, "__init__",
+            autospec=True)
+    def test_calls_superclass_init(self, mock_init):
+        """ Should call the superclass ‘__init__’. """
+        expected_path = self.test_kwargs['path']
+        instance = daemon.pidfile.TimeoutPIDLockFile(**self.test_kwargs)
+        mock_init.assert_called_with(instance, expected_path)
+
+    @mock.patch.object(
+            lockfile.pidlockfile.PIDLockFile, "acquire",
+            autospec=True)
+    def test_acquire_uses_specified_timeout(self, mock_func_acquire):
+        """ Should call the superclass ‘acquire’ with specified timeout. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        test_timeout = self.getUniqueInteger()
+        expected_timeout = test_timeout
+        instance.acquire(test_timeout)
+        mock_func_acquire.assert_called_with(instance, expected_timeout)
+
+    @mock.patch.object(
+            lockfile.pidlockfile.PIDLockFile, "acquire",
+            autospec=True)
+    def test_acquire_uses_stored_timeout_by_default(self, mock_func_acquire):
+        """ Should call superclass ‘acquire’ with stored timeout by default. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        test_timeout = self.test_kwargs['acquire_timeout']
+        expected_timeout = test_timeout
+        instance.acquire()
+        mock_func_acquire.assert_called_with(instance, expected_timeout)
+
+
+# Local variables:
+# coding: utf-8
+# mode: python
+# End:
+# vim: fileencoding=utf-8 filetype=python :
diff --git a/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/test_runner.py b/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/test_runner.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c0c714a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/external_libs/python-daemon-2.0.5/test/test_runner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# test/test_runner.py
+# Part of ‘python-daemon’, an implementation of PEP 3143.
+#
+# Copyright © 2009–2015 Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au>
+#
+# This is free software: you may copy, modify, and/or distribute this work
+# under the terms of the Apache License, version 2.0 as published by the
+# Apache Software Foundation.
+# No warranty expressed or implied. See the file ‘LICENSE.ASF-2’ for details.
+
+""" Unit test for ‘runner’ module.
+    """
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, unicode_literals)
+
+try:
+    # Python 3 standard library.
+    import builtins
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 2 standard library.
+    import __builtin__ as builtins
+import os
+import os.path
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import errno
+import signal
+import functools
+
+import lockfile
+import mock
+import testtools
+
+from . import scaffold
+from .scaffold import (basestring, unicode)
+from .test_pidfile import (
+        FakeFileDescriptorStringIO,
+        setup_pidfile_fixtures,
+        make_pidlockfile_scenarios,
+        apply_lockfile_method_mocks,
+        )
+from .test_daemon import (
+        setup_streams_fixtures,
+        )
+
+import daemon.daemon
+import daemon.runner
+import daemon.pidfile
+
+
+class ModuleExceptions_TestCase(scaffold.Exception_TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for module exception classes. """
+
+    scenarios = scaffold.make_exception_scenarios([
+            ('daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerError', dict(
+                exc_type = daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerError,
+                min_args = 1,
+                types = [Exception],
+                )),
+            ('daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerInvalidActionError', dict(
+                exc_type = daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerInvalidActionError,
+                min_args = 1,
+                types = [daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerError, ValueError],
+                )),
+            ('daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerStartFailureError', dict(
+                exc_type = daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerStartFailureError,
+                min_args = 1,
+                types = [daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerError, RuntimeError],
+                )),
+            ('daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerStopFailureError', dict(
+                exc_type = daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerStopFailureError,
+                min_args = 1,
+                types = [daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerError, RuntimeError],
+                )),
+            ])
+
+
+def make_runner_scenarios():
+    """ Make a collection of scenarios for testing `DaemonRunner` instances.
+
+        :return: A collection of scenarios for tests involving
+            `DaemonRunner` instances.
+
+        The collection is a mapping from scenario name to a dictionary of
+        scenario attributes.
+
+        """
+
+    pidlockfile_scenarios = make_pidlockfile_scenarios()
+
+    scenarios = {
+            'simple': {
+                'pidlockfile_scenario_name': 'simple',
+                },
+            'pidfile-locked': {
+                'pidlockfile_scenario_name': 'exist-other-pid-locked',
+                },
+            }
+
+    for scenario in scenarios.values():
+        if 'pidlockfile_scenario_name' in scenario:
+            pidlockfile_scenario = pidlockfile_scenarios.pop(
+                    scenario['pidlockfile_scenario_name'])
+        scenario['pid'] = pidlockfile_scenario['pid']
+        scenario['pidfile_path'] = pidlockfile_scenario['pidfile_path']
+        scenario['pidfile_timeout'] = 23
+        scenario['pidlockfile_scenario'] = pidlockfile_scenario
+
+    return scenarios
+
+
+def set_runner_scenario(testcase, scenario_name):
+    """ Set the DaemonRunner test scenario for the test case.
+
+        :param testcase: The `TestCase` instance to decorate.
+        :param scenario_name: The name of the scenario to use.
+
+        Set the `DaemonRunner` test scenario name and decorate the
+        `testcase` with the corresponding scenario fixtures.
+
+        """
+    scenarios = testcase.runner_scenarios
+    testcase.scenario = scenarios[scenario_name]
+    apply_lockfile_method_mocks(
+            testcase.mock_runner_lockfile,
+            testcase,
+            testcase.scenario['pidlockfile_scenario'])
+
+
+def setup_runner_fixtures(testcase):
+    """ Set up common fixtures for `DaemonRunner` test cases.
+
+        :param testcase: A `TestCase` instance to decorate.
+
+        Decorate the `testcase` with attributes to be fixtures for tests
+        involving `DaemonRunner` instances.
+
+        """
+    setup_pidfile_fixtures(testcase)
+    setup_streams_fixtures(testcase)
+
+    testcase.runner_scenarios = make_runner_scenarios()
+
+    patcher_stderr = mock.patch.object(
+            sys, "stderr",
+            new=FakeFileDescriptorStringIO())
+    testcase.fake_stderr = patcher_stderr.start()
+    testcase.addCleanup(patcher_stderr.stop)
+
+    simple_scenario = testcase.runner_scenarios['simple']
+
+    testcase.mock_runner_lockfile = mock.MagicMock(
+            spec=daemon.pidfile.TimeoutPIDLockFile)
+    apply_lockfile_method_mocks(
+            testcase.mock_runner_lockfile,
+            testcase,
+            simple_scenario['pidlockfile_scenario'])
+    testcase.mock_runner_lockfile.path = simple_scenario['pidfile_path']
+
+    patcher_lockfile_class = mock.patch.object(
+            daemon.pidfile, "TimeoutPIDLockFile",
+            return_value=testcase.mock_runner_lockfile)
+    patcher_lockfile_class.start()
+    testcase.addCleanup(patcher_lockfile_class.stop)
+
+    class TestApp(object):
+
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.stdin_path = testcase.stream_file_paths['stdin']
+            self.stdout_path = testcase.stream_file_paths['stdout']
+            self.stderr_path = testcase.stream_file_paths['stderr']
+            self.pidfile_path = simple_scenario['pidfile_path']
+            self.pidfile_timeout = simple_scenario['pidfile_timeout']
+
+        run = mock.MagicMock(name="TestApp.run")
+
+    testcase.TestApp = TestApp
+
+    patcher_runner_daemoncontext = mock.patch.object(
+            daemon.runner, "DaemonContext", autospec=True)
+    patcher_runner_daemoncontext.start()
+    testcase.addCleanup(patcher_runner_daemoncontext.stop)
+
+    testcase.test_app = testcase.TestApp()
+
+    testcase.test_program_name = "bazprog"
+    testcase.test_program_path = os.path.join(
+            "/foo/bar", testcase.test_program_name)
+    testcase.valid_argv_params = {
+            'start': [testcase.test_program_path, 'start'],
+            'stop': [testcase.test_program_path, 'stop'],
+            'restart': [testcase.test_program_path, 'restart'],
+            }
+
+    def fake_open(filename, mode=None, buffering=None):
+        if filename in testcase.stream_files_by_path:
+            result = testcase.stream_files_by_path[filename]
+        else:
+            result = FakeFileDescriptorStringIO()
+        result.mode = mode
+        result.buffering = buffering
+        return result
+
+    mock_open = mock.mock_open()
+    mock_open.side_effect = fake_open
+
+    func_patcher_builtin_open = mock.patch.object(
+            builtins, "open",
+            new=mock_open)
+    func_patcher_builtin_open.start()
+    testcase.addCleanup(func_patcher_builtin_open.stop)
+
+    func_patcher_os_kill = mock.patch.object(os, "kill")
+    func_patcher_os_kill.start()
+    testcase.addCleanup(func_patcher_os_kill.stop)
+
+    patcher_sys_argv = mock.patch.object(
+            sys, "argv",
+            new=testcase.valid_argv_params['start'])
+    patcher_sys_argv.start()
+    testcase.addCleanup(patcher_sys_argv.stop)
+
+    testcase.test_instance = daemon.runner.DaemonRunner(testcase.test_app)
+
+    testcase.scenario = NotImplemented
+
+
+class DaemonRunner_BaseTestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Base class for DaemonRunner test case classes. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(DaemonRunner_BaseTestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        setup_runner_fixtures(self)
+        set_runner_scenario(self, 'simple')
+
+
+class DaemonRunner_TestCase(DaemonRunner_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonRunner class. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(DaemonRunner_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        func_patcher_parse_args = mock.patch.object(
+                daemon.runner.DaemonRunner, "parse_args")
+        func_patcher_parse_args.start()
+        self.addCleanup(func_patcher_parse_args.stop)
+
+        # Create a new instance now with our custom patches.
+        self.test_instance = daemon.runner.DaemonRunner(self.test_app)
+
+    def test_instantiate(self):
+        """ New instance of DaemonRunner should be created. """
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.test_instance, daemon.runner.DaemonRunner)
+
+    def test_parses_commandline_args(self):
+        """ Should parse commandline arguments. """
+        self.test_instance.parse_args.assert_called_with()
+
+    def test_has_specified_app(self):
+        """ Should have specified application object. """
+        self.assertIs(self.test_app, self.test_instance.app)
+
+    def test_sets_pidfile_none_when_pidfile_path_is_none(self):
+        """ Should set ‘pidfile’ to ‘None’ when ‘pidfile_path’ is ‘None’. """
+        pidfile_path = None
+        self.test_app.pidfile_path = pidfile_path
+        expected_pidfile = None
+        instance = daemon.runner.DaemonRunner(self.test_app)
+        self.assertIs(expected_pidfile, instance.pidfile)
+
+    def test_error_when_pidfile_path_not_string(self):
+        """ Should raise ValueError when PID file path not a string. """
+        pidfile_path = object()
+        self.test_app.pidfile_path = pidfile_path
+        expected_error = ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.runner.DaemonRunner, self.test_app)
+
+    def test_error_when_pidfile_path_not_absolute(self):
+        """ Should raise ValueError when PID file path not absolute. """
+        pidfile_path = "foo/bar.pid"
+        self.test_app.pidfile_path = pidfile_path
+        expected_error = ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                daemon.runner.DaemonRunner, self.test_app)
+
+    def test_creates_lock_with_specified_parameters(self):
+        """ Should create a TimeoutPIDLockFile with specified params. """
+        pidfile_path = self.scenario['pidfile_path']
+        pidfile_timeout = self.scenario['pidfile_timeout']
+        daemon.pidfile.TimeoutPIDLockFile.assert_called_with(
+                pidfile_path, pidfile_timeout)
+
+    def test_has_created_pidfile(self):
+        """ Should have new PID lock file as `pidfile` attribute. """
+        expected_pidfile = self.mock_runner_lockfile
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        self.assertIs(
+                expected_pidfile, instance.pidfile)
+
+    def test_daemon_context_has_created_pidfile(self):
+        """ DaemonContext component should have new PID lock file. """
+        expected_pidfile = self.mock_runner_lockfile
+        daemon_context = self.test_instance.daemon_context
+        self.assertIs(
+                expected_pidfile, daemon_context.pidfile)
+
+    def test_daemon_context_has_specified_stdin_stream(self):
+        """ DaemonContext component should have specified stdin file. """
+        test_app = self.test_app
+        expected_file = self.stream_files_by_name['stdin']
+        daemon_context = self.test_instance.daemon_context
+        self.assertEqual(expected_file, daemon_context.stdin)
+
+    def test_daemon_context_has_stdin_in_read_mode(self):
+        """ DaemonContext component should open stdin file for read. """
+        expected_mode = 'rt'
+        daemon_context = self.test_instance.daemon_context
+        self.assertIn(expected_mode, daemon_context.stdin.mode)
+
+    def test_daemon_context_has_specified_stdout_stream(self):
+        """ DaemonContext component should have specified stdout file. """
+        test_app = self.test_app
+        expected_file = self.stream_files_by_name['stdout']
+        daemon_context = self.test_instance.daemon_context
+        self.assertEqual(expected_file, daemon_context.stdout)
+
+    def test_daemon_context_has_stdout_in_append_mode(self):
+        """ DaemonContext component should open stdout file for append. """
+        expected_mode = 'w+t'
+        daemon_context = self.test_instance.daemon_context
+        self.assertIn(expected_mode, daemon_context.stdout.mode)
+
+    def test_daemon_context_has_specified_stderr_stream(self):
+        """ DaemonContext component should have specified stderr file. """
+        test_app = self.test_app
+        expected_file = self.stream_files_by_name['stderr']
+        daemon_context = self.test_instance.daemon_context
+        self.assertEqual(expected_file, daemon_context.stderr)
+
+    def test_daemon_context_has_stderr_in_append_mode(self):
+        """ DaemonContext component should open stderr file for append. """
+        expected_mode = 'w+t'
+        daemon_context = self.test_instance.daemon_context
+        self.assertIn(expected_mode, daemon_context.stderr.mode)
+
+    def test_daemon_context_has_stderr_with_no_buffering(self):
+        """ DaemonContext component should open stderr file unbuffered. """
+        expected_buffering = 0
+        daemon_context = self.test_instance.daemon_context
+        self.assertEqual(
+                expected_buffering, daemon_context.stderr.buffering)
+
+
+class DaemonRunner_usage_exit_TestCase(DaemonRunner_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonRunner.usage_exit method. """
+
+    def test_raises_system_exit(self):
+        """ Should raise SystemExit exception. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        argv = [self.test_program_path]
+        self.assertRaises(
+                SystemExit,
+                instance._usage_exit, argv)
+
+    def test_message_follows_conventional_format(self):
+        """ Should emit a conventional usage message. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        argv = [self.test_program_path]
+        expected_stderr_output = """\
+                usage: {progname} ...
+                """.format(
+                    progname=self.test_program_name)
+        self.assertRaises(
+                SystemExit,
+                instance._usage_exit, argv)
+        self.assertOutputCheckerMatch(
+                expected_stderr_output, self.fake_stderr.getvalue())
+
+
+class DaemonRunner_parse_args_TestCase(DaemonRunner_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonRunner.parse_args method. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(DaemonRunner_parse_args_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        func_patcher_usage_exit = mock.patch.object(
+                daemon.runner.DaemonRunner, "_usage_exit",
+                side_effect=NotImplementedError)
+        func_patcher_usage_exit.start()
+        self.addCleanup(func_patcher_usage_exit.stop)
+
+    def test_emits_usage_message_if_insufficient_args(self):
+        """ Should emit a usage message and exit if too few arguments. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        argv = [self.test_program_path]
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                NotImplementedError,
+                instance.parse_args, argv)
+        daemon.runner.DaemonRunner._usage_exit.assert_called_with(argv)
+
+    def test_emits_usage_message_if_unknown_action_arg(self):
+        """ Should emit a usage message and exit if unknown action. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        progname = self.test_program_name
+        argv = [self.test_program_path, 'bogus']
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                NotImplementedError,
+                instance.parse_args, argv)
+        daemon.runner.DaemonRunner._usage_exit.assert_called_with(argv)
+
+    def test_should_parse_system_argv_by_default(self):
+        """ Should parse sys.argv by default. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        expected_action = 'start'
+        argv = self.valid_argv_params['start']
+        with mock.patch.object(sys, "argv", new=argv):
+            instance.parse_args()
+        self.assertEqual(expected_action, instance.action)
+
+    def test_sets_action_from_first_argument(self):
+        """ Should set action from first commandline argument. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        for name, argv in self.valid_argv_params.items():
+            expected_action = name
+            instance.parse_args(argv)
+            self.assertEqual(expected_action, instance.action)
+
+
+try:
+    ProcessLookupError
+except NameError:
+    # Python 2 uses OSError.
+    ProcessLookupError = functools.partial(OSError, errno.ESRCH)
+
+class DaemonRunner_do_action_TestCase(DaemonRunner_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonRunner.do_action method. """
+
+    def test_raises_error_if_unknown_action(self):
+        """ Should emit a usage message and exit if action is unknown. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.action = 'bogus'
+        expected_error = daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerInvalidActionError
+        self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                instance.do_action)
+
+
+class DaemonRunner_do_action_start_TestCase(DaemonRunner_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonRunner.do_action method, action 'start'. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(DaemonRunner_do_action_start_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        self.test_instance.action = 'start'
+
+    def test_raises_error_if_pidfile_locked(self):
+        """ Should raise error if PID file is locked. """
+
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.daemon_context.open.side_effect = lockfile.AlreadyLocked
+        pidfile_path = self.scenario['pidfile_path']
+        expected_error = daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerStartFailureError
+        expected_message_content = pidfile_path
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                instance.do_action)
+        self.assertIn(expected_message_content, unicode(exc))
+
+    def test_breaks_lock_if_no_such_process(self):
+        """ Should request breaking lock if PID file process is not running. """
+        set_runner_scenario(self, 'pidfile-locked')
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        self.mock_runner_lockfile.read_pid.return_value = (
+                self.scenario['pidlockfile_scenario']['pidfile_pid'])
+        pidfile_path = self.scenario['pidfile_path']
+        test_pid = self.scenario['pidlockfile_scenario']['pidfile_pid']
+        expected_signal = signal.SIG_DFL
+        test_error = ProcessLookupError("Not running")
+        os.kill.side_effect = test_error
+        instance.do_action()
+        os.kill.assert_called_with(test_pid, expected_signal)
+        self.mock_runner_lockfile.break_lock.assert_called_with()
+
+    def test_requests_daemon_context_open(self):
+        """ Should request the daemon context to open. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.do_action()
+        instance.daemon_context.open.assert_called_with()
+
+    def test_emits_start_message_to_stderr(self):
+        """ Should emit start message to stderr. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        expected_stderr = """\
+                started with pid {pid:d}
+                """.format(
+                    pid=self.scenario['pid'])
+        instance.do_action()
+        self.assertOutputCheckerMatch(
+                expected_stderr, self.fake_stderr.getvalue())
+
+    def test_requests_app_run(self):
+        """ Should request the application to run. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.do_action()
+        self.test_app.run.assert_called_with()
+
+
+class DaemonRunner_do_action_stop_TestCase(DaemonRunner_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonRunner.do_action method, action 'stop'. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(DaemonRunner_do_action_stop_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        set_runner_scenario(self, 'pidfile-locked')
+
+        self.test_instance.action = 'stop'
+
+        self.mock_runner_lockfile.is_locked.return_value = True
+        self.mock_runner_lockfile.i_am_locking.return_value = False
+        self.mock_runner_lockfile.read_pid.return_value = (
+                self.scenario['pidlockfile_scenario']['pidfile_pid'])
+
+    def test_raises_error_if_pidfile_not_locked(self):
+        """ Should raise error if PID file is not locked. """
+        set_runner_scenario(self, 'simple')
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        self.mock_runner_lockfile.is_locked.return_value = False
+        self.mock_runner_lockfile.i_am_locking.return_value = False
+        self.mock_runner_lockfile.read_pid.return_value = (
+                self.scenario['pidlockfile_scenario']['pidfile_pid'])
+        pidfile_path = self.scenario['pidfile_path']
+        expected_error = daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerStopFailureError
+        expected_message_content = pidfile_path
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                instance.do_action)
+        self.assertIn(expected_message_content, unicode(exc))
+
+    def test_breaks_lock_if_pidfile_stale(self):
+        """ Should break lock if PID file is stale. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        pidfile_path = self.scenario['pidfile_path']
+        test_pid = self.scenario['pidlockfile_scenario']['pidfile_pid']
+        expected_signal = signal.SIG_DFL
+        test_error = OSError(errno.ESRCH, "Not running")
+        os.kill.side_effect = test_error
+        instance.do_action()
+        self.mock_runner_lockfile.break_lock.assert_called_with()
+
+    def test_sends_terminate_signal_to_process_from_pidfile(self):
+        """ Should send SIGTERM to the daemon process. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        test_pid = self.scenario['pidlockfile_scenario']['pidfile_pid']
+        expected_signal = signal.SIGTERM
+        instance.do_action()
+        os.kill.assert_called_with(test_pid, expected_signal)
+
+    def test_raises_error_if_cannot_send_signal_to_process(self):
+        """ Should raise error if cannot send signal to daemon process. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        test_pid = self.scenario['pidlockfile_scenario']['pidfile_pid']
+        pidfile_path = self.scenario['pidfile_path']
+        test_error = OSError(errno.EPERM, "Nice try")
+        os.kill.side_effect = test_error
+        expected_error = daemon.runner.DaemonRunnerStopFailureError
+        expected_message_content = unicode(test_pid)
+        exc = self.assertRaises(
+                expected_error,
+                instance.do_action)
+        self.assertIn(expected_message_content, unicode(exc))
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(daemon.runner.DaemonRunner, "_start")
+@mock.patch.object(daemon.runner.DaemonRunner, "_stop")
+class DaemonRunner_do_action_restart_TestCase(DaemonRunner_BaseTestCase):
+    """ Test cases for DaemonRunner.do_action method, action 'restart'. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(DaemonRunner_do_action_restart_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        set_runner_scenario(self, 'pidfile-locked')
+
+        self.test_instance.action = 'restart'
+
+    def test_requests_stop_then_start(
+            self,
+            mock_func_daemonrunner_start, mock_func_daemonrunner_stop):
+        """ Should request stop, then start. """
+        instance = self.test_instance
+        instance.do_action()
+        mock_func_daemonrunner_start.assert_called_with()
+        mock_func_daemonrunner_stop.assert_called_with()
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(sys, "stderr")
+class emit_message_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for ‘emit_message’ function. """
+
+    def test_writes_specified_message_to_stream(self, mock_stderr):
+        """ Should write specified message to stream. """
+        test_message = self.getUniqueString()
+        expected_content = "{message}\n".format(message=test_message)
+        daemon.runner.emit_message(test_message, stream=mock_stderr)
+        mock_stderr.write.assert_called_with(expected_content)
+
+    def test_writes_to_specified_stream(self, mock_stderr):
+        """ Should write message to specified stream. """
+        test_message = self.getUniqueString()
+        mock_stream = mock.MagicMock()
+        daemon.runner.emit_message(test_message, stream=mock_stream)
+        mock_stream.write.assert_called_with(mock.ANY)
+
+    def test_writes_to_stderr_by_default(self, mock_stderr):
+        """ Should write message to ‘sys.stderr’ by default. """
+        test_message = self.getUniqueString()
+        daemon.runner.emit_message(test_message)
+        mock_stderr.write.assert_called_with(mock.ANY)
+
+
+class is_pidfile_stale_TestCase(scaffold.TestCase):
+    """ Test cases for ‘is_pidfile_stale’ function. """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """ Set up test fixtures. """
+        super(is_pidfile_stale_TestCase, self).setUp()
+
+        func_patcher_os_kill = mock.patch.object(os, "kill")
+        func_patcher_os_kill.start()
+        self.addCleanup(func_patcher_os_kill.stop)
+        os.kill.return_value = None
+
+        self.test_pid = self.getUniqueInteger()
+        self.test_pidfile = mock.MagicMock(daemon.pidfile.TimeoutPIDLockFile)
+        self.test_pidfile.read_pid.return_value = self.test_pid
+
+    def test_returns_false_if_no_pid_in_file(self):
+        """ Should return False if the pidfile contains no PID. """
+        self.test_pidfile.read_pid.return_value = None
+        expected_result = False
+        result = daemon.runner.is_pidfile_stale(self.test_pidfile)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+    def test_returns_false_if_process_exists(self):
+        """ Should return False if the process with its PID exists. """
+        expected_result = False
+        result = daemon.runner.is_pidfile_stale(self.test_pidfile)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+    def test_returns_true_if_process_does_not_exist(self):
+        """ Should return True if the process does not exist. """
+        test_error = ProcessLookupError("No such process")
+        del os.kill.return_value
+        os.kill.side_effect = test_error
+        expected_result = True
+        result = daemon.runner.is_pidfile_stale(self.test_pidfile)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_result, result)
+
+
+# Local variables:
+# coding: utf-8
+# mode: python
+# End:
+# vim: fileencoding=utf-8 filetype=python :