Add fixed-size, preallocated pool support

Simply call pool_init_fixed(...) before using the pool. Note that
fixed, preallocated pools live in individually-mmap'ed address
segments, except for the free element bitmap. A large fixed pool can
exceed 4gb.

Fix tcp buffer allocator leak, remove broken assert

Change-Id: I4421082e12a77c41c6e20f7747f3150dcd01fc26
Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net>

19 files changed, 520 insertions, 98 deletions

diff --git a/src/svm/svm_fifo_segment.c b/src/svm/svm_fifo_segment.c
index 6600a42349d..97d9976b39e 100644
--- a/src/svm/svm_fifo_segment.c
+++ b/src/svm/svm_fifo_segment.c
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ svm_fifo_segment_free_fifo (svm_fifo_segment_private_t * s, svm_fifo_t * f,
 
   freelist_index = f->freelist_index;
 
-  ASSERT (freelist_index > 0 && freelist_index < vec_len (fsh->free_fifos));
+  ASSERT (freelist_index < vec_len (fsh->free_fifos));
 
   ssvm_lock_non_recursive (sh, 2);
   oldheap = ssvm_push_heap (sh);
diff --git a/src/vnet/session/application_interface.c b/src/vnet/session/application_interface.c
index 566a52d7984..8dbc3a1ab19 100644
--- a/src/vnet/session/application_interface.c
+++ b/src/vnet/session/application_interface.c
@@ -207,11 +207,22 @@ unformat_vnet_uri (unformat_input_t * input, va_list * args)
   return 0;
 }
 
+static u8 *cache_uri;
+static session_type_t cache_sst;
+static transport_endpoint_t *cache_tep;
+
 int
 parse_uri (char *uri, session_type_t * sst, transport_endpoint_t * tep)
 {
   unformat_input_t _input, *input = &_input;
 
+  if (cache_uri && !strncmp (uri, (char *) cache_uri, vec_len (cache_uri)))
+    {
+      *sst = cache_sst;
+      *tep = *cache_tep;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
   /* Make sure */
   uri = (char *) format (0, "%s%c", uri, 0);
 
@@ -224,6 +235,14 @@ parse_uri (char *uri, session_type_t * sst, transport_endpoint_t * tep)
     }
   unformat_free (input);
 
+  vec_free (cache_uri);
+  cache_uri = (u8 *) uri;
+  cache_sst = *sst;
+  if (cache_tep)
+    clib_mem_free (cache_tep);
+  cache_tep = clib_mem_alloc (sizeof (*tep));
+  *cache_tep = *tep;
+
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/vnet/session/session.c b/src/vnet/session/session.c
index dcd141f1b5b..17644e292a9 100644
--- a/src/vnet/session/session.c
+++ b/src/vnet/session/session.c
@@ -889,32 +889,24 @@ session_manager_main_enable (vlib_main_t * vm)
     session_vpp_event_queue_allocate (smm, i);
 
   /* Preallocate sessions */
-  if (num_threads == 1)
+  if (smm->preallocated_sessions)
     {
-      for (i = 0; i < smm->preallocated_sessions; i++)
+      if (num_threads == 1)
 	{
-	  stream_session_t *ss __attribute__ ((unused));
-	  pool_get_aligned (smm->sessions[0], ss, CLIB_CACHE_LINE_BYTES);
+	  pool_init_fixed (smm->sessions[0], smm->preallocated_sessions);
 	}
-
-      for (i = 0; i < smm->preallocated_sessions; i++)
-	pool_put_index (smm->sessions[0], i);
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      int j;
-      preallocated_sessions_per_worker = smm->preallocated_sessions /
-	(num_threads - 1);
-
-      for (j = 1; j < num_threads; j++)
+      else
 	{
-	  for (i = 0; i < preallocated_sessions_per_worker; i++)
+	  int j;
+	  preallocated_sessions_per_worker =
+	    (1.1 * (f64) smm->preallocated_sessions /
+	     (f64) (num_threads - 1));
+
+	  for (j = 1; j < num_threads; j++)
 	    {
-	      stream_session_t *ss __attribute__ ((unused));
-	      pool_get_aligned (smm->sessions[j], ss, CLIB_CACHE_LINE_BYTES);
+	      pool_init_fixed (smm->sessions[j],
+			       preallocated_sessions_per_worker);
 	    }
-	  for (i = 0; i < preallocated_sessions_per_worker; i++)
-	    pool_put_index (smm->sessions[j], i);
 	}
     }
 
diff --git a/src/vnet/session/session_cli.c b/src/vnet/session/session_cli.c
index 028dc9d8ad0..d9f516beab9 100755
--- a/src/vnet/session/session_cli.c
+++ b/src/vnet/session/session_cli.c
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ unformat_stream_session_id (unformat_input_t * input, va_list * args)
     {
       *proto = TRANSPORT_PROTO_UDP;
     }
-  else if (unformat (input, "%U:%d->%U:%d", unformat_ip4_address, &lcl->ip4,
-		     lcl_port, unformat_ip4_address, &rmt->ip4, rmt_port))
+  if (unformat (input, "%U:%d->%U:%d", unformat_ip4_address, &lcl->ip4,
+		lcl_port, unformat_ip4_address, &rmt->ip4, rmt_port))
     {
       *is_ip4 = 1;
       tuple_is_set = 1;
diff --git a/src/vnet/tcp/tcp.c b/src/vnet/tcp/tcp.c
index 0a826a520f7..a4c13084413 100644
--- a/src/vnet/tcp/tcp.c
+++ b/src/vnet/tcp/tcp.c
@@ -1150,6 +1150,10 @@ tcp_timer_establish_handler (u32 conn_index)
   else
     {
       tc = tcp_connection_get (conn_index, vlib_get_thread_index ());
+      /* note: the connection may have already disappeared */
+      if (PREDICT_FALSE (tc == 0))
+	return;
+
       ASSERT (tc->state == TCP_STATE_SYN_RCVD);
     }
   tc->timers[TCP_TIMER_ESTABLISH] = TCP_TIMER_HANDLE_INVALID;
@@ -1244,7 +1248,7 @@ tcp_main_enable (vlib_main_t * vm)
   vlib_thread_main_t *vtm = vlib_get_thread_main ();
   clib_error_t *error = 0;
   u32 num_threads;
-  int i, thread;
+  int thread;
   tcp_connection_t *tc __attribute__ ((unused));
   u32 preallocated_connections_per_thread;
 
@@ -1297,21 +1301,17 @@ tcp_main_enable (vlib_main_t * vm)
     }
   for (; thread < num_threads; thread++)
     {
-      for (i = 0; i < preallocated_connections_per_thread; i++)
-	pool_get (tm->connections[thread], tc);
-
-      for (i = 0; i < preallocated_connections_per_thread; i++)
-	pool_put_index (tm->connections[thread], i);
+      if (preallocated_connections_per_thread)
+	pool_init_fixed (tm->connections[thread],
+			 preallocated_connections_per_thread);
     }
 
   /*
-   * Preallocate half-open connections
+   * Use a preallocated half-open connection pool?
    */
-  for (i = 0; i < tm->preallocated_half_open_connections; i++)
-    pool_get (tm->half_open_connections, tc);
-
-  for (i = 0; i < tm->preallocated_half_open_connections; i++)
-    pool_put_index (tm->half_open_connections, i);
+  if (tm->preallocated_half_open_connections)
+    pool_init_fixed (tm->half_open_connections,
+		     tm->preallocated_half_open_connections);
 
   /* Initialize per worker thread tx buffers (used for control messages) */
   vec_validate (tm->tx_buffers, num_threads - 1);
diff --git a/src/vnet/tcp/tcp_output.c b/src/vnet/tcp/tcp_output.c
index 0255551318a..15a9dcb48a8 100644
--- a/src/vnet/tcp/tcp_output.c
+++ b/src/vnet/tcp/tcp_output.c
@@ -440,13 +440,16 @@ tcp_init_mss (tcp_connection_t * tc)
 always_inline int
 tcp_alloc_tx_buffers (tcp_main_t * tm, u8 thread_index, u32 n_free_buffers)
 {
+  u32 current_length = vec_len (tm->tx_buffers[thread_index]);
+
   vec_validate (tm->tx_buffers[thread_index],
-		vec_len (tm->tx_buffers[thread_index]) + n_free_buffers - 1);
+		current_length + n_free_buffers - 1);
   _vec_len (tm->tx_buffers[thread_index]) =
-    vlib_buffer_alloc_from_free_list (vlib_get_main (),
-				      tm->tx_buffers[thread_index],
-				      n_free_buffers,
-				      VLIB_BUFFER_DEFAULT_FREE_LIST_INDEX);
+    current_length + vlib_buffer_alloc_from_free_list (vlib_get_main (),
+						       tm->tx_buffers
+						       [thread_index],
+						       n_free_buffers,
+						       VLIB_BUFFER_DEFAULT_FREE_LIST_INDEX);
   /* buffer shortage, report failure */
   if (vec_len (tm->tx_buffers[thread_index]) == 0)
     {
@@ -1293,11 +1296,17 @@ tcp_timer_retransmit_handler_i (u32 index, u8 is_syn)
   if (is_syn)
     {
       tc = tcp_half_open_connection_get (index);
+      /* Note: the connection may have transitioned to ESTABLISHED... */
+      if (PREDICT_FALSE (tc == 0))
+	return;
       tc->timers[TCP_TIMER_RETRANSMIT_SYN] = TCP_TIMER_HANDLE_INVALID;
     }
   else
     {
       tc = tcp_connection_get (index, thread_index);
+      /* Note: the connection may have been closed and pool_put */
+      if (PREDICT_FALSE (tc == 0))
+	return;
       tc->timers[TCP_TIMER_RETRANSMIT] = TCP_TIMER_HANDLE_INVALID;
     }
 
@@ -1332,25 +1341,27 @@ tcp_timer_retransmit_handler_i (u32 index, u8 is_syn)
 
       TCP_EVT_DBG (TCP_EVT_CC_EVT, tc, 1);
 
-      /* Send one segment */
+      /* Send one segment. Note that n_bytes may be zero due to buffer shortfall  */
       n_bytes = tcp_prepare_retransmit_segment (tc, 0, tc->snd_mss, &b);
-      ASSERT (n_bytes);
-      bi = vlib_get_buffer_index (vm, b);
+
       /* TODO be less aggressive about this */
       scoreboard_clear (&tc->sack_sb);
 
       if (n_bytes == 0)
 	{
-	  clib_warning ("could not retransmit anything");
-	  clib_warning ("%U", format_tcp_connection, tc, 2);
-
+	  if (b)
+	    {
+	      clib_warning ("retransmit fail: %U", format_tcp_connection, tc,
+			    2);
+	      ASSERT (tc->rto_boff > 1 && tc->snd_una == tc->snd_congestion);
+	    }
 	  /* Try again eventually */
 	  tcp_retransmit_timer_set (tc);
-	  ASSERT (0 || (tc->rto_boff > 1
-			&& tc->snd_una == tc->snd_congestion));
 	  return;
 	}
 
+      bi = vlib_get_buffer_index (vm, b);
+
       /* For first retransmit, record timestamp (Eifel detection RFC3522) */
       if (tc->rto_boff == 1)
 	tc->snd_rxt_ts = tcp_time_now ();
@@ -1378,7 +1389,10 @@ tcp_timer_retransmit_handler_i (u32 index, u8 is_syn)
 	tc->rto = clib_min (tc->rto << 1, TCP_RTO_MAX);
 
       if (PREDICT_FALSE (tcp_get_free_buffer_index (tm, &bi)))
-	return;
+	{
+	  clib_warning ("tcp_get_free_buffer_index FAIL");
+	  return;
+	}
       b = vlib_get_buffer (vm, bi);
       tcp_init_buffer (vm, b);
       tcp_push_hdr_i (tc, b, tc->state, 1);
diff --git a/src/vppinfra.am b/src/vppinfra.am
index 533bacd6f63..8f01114c12a 100644
--- a/src/vppinfra.am
+++ b/src/vppinfra.am
@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@ TESTS =
 if ENABLE_TESTS
 TESTS  +=  test_bihash_template \
 	   test_dlist \
-	   test_elog \
 	   test_elf \
+	   test_elog \
 	   test_fifo \
 	   test_format \
+	   test_fpool \
 	   test_hash \
 	   test_heap \
 	   test_longjmp \
@@ -42,17 +43,16 @@ TESTS  +=  test_bihash_template \
 	   test_zvec
 endif
 
-TESTS += test_bihash_template
-
 noinst_PROGRAMS = $(TESTS)
 check_PROGRAMS	= $(TESTS)
 
 test_bihash_template_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_bihash_template.c
 test_dlist_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_dlist.c
-test_elog_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_elog.c
 test_elf_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_elf.c
+test_elog_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_elog.c
 test_fifo_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_fifo.c
 test_format_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_format.c
+test_fpool_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_fpool.c
 test_hash_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_hash.c
 test_heap_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_heap.c
 test_longjmp_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_longjmp.c
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ test_md5_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_md5.c
 test_mheap_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_mheap.c
 test_pool_iterate_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_pool_iterate.c
 test_ptclosure_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_ptclosure.c
-test_random_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_random.c
 test_random_isaac_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_random_isaac.c
+test_random_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_random.c
 test_serialize_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_serialize.c
 test_slist_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_slist.c
 test_socket_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_socket.c
@@ -76,10 +76,11 @@ test_zvec_SOURCES = vppinfra/test_zvec.c
 # So we'll need -DDEBUG to enable ASSERTs
 test_bihash_template_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_dlist_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
-test_elog_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_elf_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
+test_elog_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_fifo_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_format_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
+test_fpool_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_hash_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_heap_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_longjmp_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
@@ -90,9 +91,9 @@ test_pool_iterate_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_ptclosure_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_random_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_random_isaac_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
-test_socket_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_serialize_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_slist_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
+test_socket_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_time_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_timing_wheel_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 test_tw_timer_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
@@ -101,10 +102,11 @@ test_zvec_CPPFLAGS =	$(AM_CPPFLAGS) -DCLIB_DEBUG
 
 test_bihash_template_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_dlist_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
-test_elog_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_elf_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
+test_elog_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_fifo_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_format_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
+test_fpool_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_hash_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_heap_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_longjmp_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
@@ -113,8 +115,8 @@ test_md5_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_mheap_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_pool_iterate_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_ptclosure_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
-test_random_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_random_isaac_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
+test_random_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_serialize_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_slist_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 test_socket_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
@@ -126,10 +128,11 @@ test_zvec_LDADD =	libvppinfra.la
 
 test_bihash_template_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_dlist_LDFLAGS = -static
-test_elog_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_elf_LDFLAGS = -static
+test_elog_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_fifo_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_format_LDFLAGS = -static
+test_fpool_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_hash_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_heap_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_longjmp_LDFLAGS = -static
@@ -138,8 +141,8 @@ test_md5_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_mheap_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_pool_iterate_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_ptclosure_LDFLAGS = -static
-test_random_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_random_isaac_LDFLAGS = -static
+test_random_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_serialize_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_slist_LDFLAGS = -static
 test_socket_LDFLAGS = -static
@@ -247,6 +250,7 @@ CLIB_CORE = \
   vppinfra/fifo.c \
   vppinfra/fheap.c \
   vppinfra/format.c \
+  vppinfra/pool.c \
   vppinfra/graph.c \
   vppinfra/hash.c \
   vppinfra/heap.c \
diff --git a/src/vppinfra/bihash_24_8.h b/src/vppinfra/bihash_24_8.h
index d0be028cba9..173168fe98e 100644
--- a/src/vppinfra/bihash_24_8.h
+++ b/src/vppinfra/bihash_24_8.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 #define BIHASH_TYPE _24_8
 #define BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE 4
-#define BIHASH_KVP_CACHE_SIZE 3
+#define BIHASH_KVP_CACHE_SIZE 0
 
 #ifndef __included_bihash_24_8_h__
 #define __included_bihash_24_8_h__
diff --git a/src/vppinfra/pool.c b/src/vppinfra/pool.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ed83b41afef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vppinfra/pool.c
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates.
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+/*
+  Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Eliot Dresselhaus
+
+  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+  a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+  "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+  without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+  distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+  permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+  the following conditions:
+
+  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+  included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+  EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+  MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+  LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+  OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+  WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <vppinfra/pool.h>
+
+void
+_pool_init_fixed (void **pool_ptr, u32 elt_size, u32 max_elts)
+{
+  u8 *mmap_base;
+  u64 vector_size;
+  u64 free_index_size;
+  u64 total_size;
+  u64 page_size;
+  pool_header_t *fh;
+  vec_header_t *vh;
+  u8 *v;
+  u32 *fi;
+  u32 i;
+  u32 set_bits;
+
+  ASSERT (elt_size);
+  ASSERT (max_elts);
+
+  vector_size = pool_aligned_header_bytes + vec_header_bytes (0)
+    + (u64) elt_size *max_elts;
+
+  free_index_size = vec_header_bytes (0) + sizeof (u32) * max_elts;
+
+  /* Round up to a cache line boundary */
+  vector_size = (vector_size + CLIB_CACHE_LINE_BYTES - 1)
+    & ~(CLIB_CACHE_LINE_BYTES - 1);
+
+  free_index_size = (free_index_size + CLIB_CACHE_LINE_BYTES - 1)
+    & ~(CLIB_CACHE_LINE_BYTES - 1);
+
+  total_size = vector_size + free_index_size;
+
+  /* Round up to an even number of pages */
+  page_size = clib_mem_get_page_size ();
+  total_size = (total_size + page_size - 1) & ~(page_size - 1);
+
+  /* mmap demand zero memory */
+
+  mmap_base = mmap (0, total_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+		    MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+
+  if (mmap_base == MAP_FAILED)
+    {
+      clib_unix_warning ("mmap");
+      *pool_ptr = 0;
+    }
+
+  /* First comes the pool header */
+  fh = (pool_header_t *) mmap_base;
+  /* Find the user vector pointer */
+  v = (u8 *) (mmap_base + pool_aligned_header_bytes);
+  /* Finally, the vector header */
+  vh = _vec_find (v);
+
+  fh->free_bitmap = 0;		/* No free elts (yet) */
+  fh->max_elts = max_elts;
+  fh->mmap_base = mmap_base;
+  fh->mmap_size = total_size;
+
+  vh->len = max_elts;
+
+  /* Build the free-index vector */
+  vh = (vec_header_t *) (v + vector_size);
+  vh->len = max_elts;
+  fi = (u32 *) (vh + 1);
+
+  fh->free_indices = fi;
+
+  /* Set the entire free bitmap */
+  clib_bitmap_alloc (fh->free_bitmap, max_elts);
+  memset (fh->free_bitmap, 0xff, vec_len (fh->free_bitmap) * sizeof (uword));
+
+  /* Clear any extraneous set bits */
+  set_bits = vec_len (fh->free_bitmap) * BITS (uword);
+
+  for (i = max_elts; i < set_bits; i++)
+    fh->free_bitmap = clib_bitmap_set (fh->free_bitmap, i, 0);
+
+  /* Create the initial free vector */
+  for (i = 0; i < max_elts; i++)
+    fi[i] = (max_elts - 1) - i;
+
+  *pool_ptr = v;
+}
+
+/*
+ * fd.io coding-style-patch-verification: ON
+ *
+ * Local Variables:
+ * eval: (c-set-style "gnu")
+ * End:
+ */
diff --git a/src/vppinfra/pool.h b/src/vppinfra/pool.h
index 56536b77963..62d5b54ec07 100644
--- a/src/vppinfra/pool.h
+++ b/src/vppinfra/pool.h
@@ -56,6 +56,16 @@ typedef struct
 
   /** Vector of free indices.  One element for each set bit in bitmap. */
   u32 *free_indices;
+
+  /* The following fields are set for fixed-size, preallocated pools */
+
+  /** Maximum size of the pool, in elements */
+  u32 max_elts;
+
+  /** mmap segment info: base + length */
+  u8 *mmap_base;
+  u64 mmap_size;
+
 } pool_header_t;
 
 /** Align pool header so that pointers are naturally aligned. */
@@ -69,6 +79,15 @@ pool_header (void *v)
   return vec_aligned_header (v, sizeof (pool_header_t), sizeof (void *));
 }
 
+extern void _pool_init_fixed (void **, u32, u32);
+extern void fpool_free (void *);
+
+/** initialize a fixed-size, preallocated pool */
+#define pool_init_fixed(pool,max_elts)                  \
+{                                                       \
+  _pool_init_fixed((void **)&(pool),sizeof(pool[0]),max_elts);  \
+}
+
 /** Validate a pool */
 always_inline void
 pool_validate (void *v)
@@ -98,7 +117,7 @@ pool_header_validate_index (void *v, uword index)
 do {								\
   uword __pool_validate_index = (i);				\
   vec_validate_ha ((v), __pool_validate_index,			\
-		   pool_aligned_header_bytes, /* align */ 0);		\
+		   pool_aligned_header_bytes, /* align */ 0);   \
   pool_header_validate_index ((v), __pool_validate_index);	\
 } while (0)
 
@@ -166,34 +185,40 @@ pool_free_elts (void *v)
 
    First search free list.  If nothing is free extend vector of objects.
 */
-#define pool_get_aligned(P,E,A)						\
-do {									\
-  pool_header_t * _pool_var (p) = pool_header (P);			\
-  uword _pool_var (l);							\
-									\
-  _pool_var (l) = 0;							\
-  if (P)								\
-    _pool_var (l) = vec_len (_pool_var (p)->free_indices);		\
-									\
-  if (_pool_var (l) > 0)						\
-    {									\
-      /* Return free element from free list. */				\
+#define pool_get_aligned(P,E,A)                                         \
+do {                                                                    \
+  pool_header_t * _pool_var (p) = pool_header (P);                      \
+  uword _pool_var (l);                                                  \
+                                                                        \
+  _pool_var (l) = 0;                                                    \
+  if (P)                                                                \
+    _pool_var (l) = vec_len (_pool_var (p)->free_indices);              \
+                                                                        \
+  if (_pool_var (l) > 0)                                                \
+    {                                                                   \
+      /* Return free element from free list. */                         \
       uword _pool_var (i) = _pool_var (p)->free_indices[_pool_var (l) - 1]; \
-      (E) = (P) + _pool_var (i);					\
-      _pool_var (p)->free_bitmap =					\
+      (E) = (P) + _pool_var (i);                                        \
+      _pool_var (p)->free_bitmap =                                      \
 	clib_bitmap_andnoti (_pool_var (p)->free_bitmap, _pool_var (i)); \
-      _vec_len (_pool_var (p)->free_indices) = _pool_var (l) - 1;	\
-    }									\
-  else									\
-    {									\
-      /* Nothing on free list, make a new element and return it. */	\
-      P = _vec_resize (P,						\
-		       /* length_increment */ 1,			\
+      _vec_len (_pool_var (p)->free_indices) = _pool_var (l) - 1;       \
+    }                                                                   \
+  else                                                                  \
+    {                                                                   \
+      /* fixed-size, preallocated pools cannot expand */                \
+      if ((P) && _pool_var(p)->max_elts)                                \
+        {                                                               \
+          clib_warning ("can't expand fixed-size pool");                \
+          os_out_of_memory();                                           \
+        }                                                               \
+      /* Nothing on free list, make a new element and return it. */     \
+      P = _vec_resize (P,                                               \
+		       /* length_increment */ 1,                        \
 		       /* new size */ (vec_len (P) + 1) * sizeof (P[0]), \
-		       pool_aligned_header_bytes,				\
-		       /* align */ (A));				\
-      E = vec_end (P) - 1;						\
-    }									\
+		       pool_aligned_header_bytes,                       \
+		       /* align */ (A));                                \
+      E = vec_end (P) - 1;                                              \
+    }                                                                   \
 } while (0)
 
 /** Allocate an object E from a pool P (unspecified alignment). */
@@ -207,7 +232,11 @@ do {                                                                    \
                                                                         \
   _pool_var (l) = 0;                                                    \
   if (P)                                                                \
+    {                                                                   \
+    if (_pool_var (p)->max_elts)                                        \
+      return 0;                                                         \
     _pool_var (l) = vec_len (_pool_var (p)->free_indices);              \
+    }                                                                   \
                                                                         \
   /* Free elements, certainly won't expand */                           \
   if (_pool_var (l) > 0)                                                \
@@ -248,7 +277,16 @@ do {									\
   /* Add element to free bitmap and to free list. */			\
   _pool_var (p)->free_bitmap =						\
     clib_bitmap_ori (_pool_var (p)->free_bitmap, _pool_var (l));	\
-  vec_add1 (_pool_var (p)->free_indices, _pool_var (l));		\
+  /* Preallocated pool? */                                              \
+  if (_pool_var (p)->max_elts)                                          \
+    {                                                                   \
+      ASSERT(_pool_var(l) < _pool_var (p)->max_elts);                   \
+      _pool_var(p)->free_indices[_vec_len(_pool_var(p)->free_indices)] = \
+                                 _pool_var(l);                          \
+      _vec_len(_pool_var(p)->free_indices) += 1;                        \
+    }                                                                   \
+  else                                                                  \
+    vec_add1 (_pool_var (p)->free_indices, _pool_var (l));		\
 } while (0)
 
 /** Free pool element with given index. */
@@ -262,6 +300,17 @@ do {						\
 #define pool_alloc_aligned(P,N,A)					\
 do {									\
   pool_header_t * _p;							\
+                                                                        \
+  if ((P))                                                              \
+    {                                                                   \
+      _p = pool_header (P);                                             \
+      if (_p->max_elts)                                                 \
+        {                                                               \
+           clib_warning ("Can't expand fixed-size pool");		\
+           os_out_of_memory();                                          \
+        }                                                               \
+    }                                                                   \
+                                                                        \
   (P) = _vec_resize ((P), 0, (vec_len (P) + (N)) * sizeof (P[0]),	\
 		     pool_aligned_header_bytes,				\
 		     (A));						\
@@ -281,8 +330,20 @@ _pool_free (void *v)
   if (!v)
     return v;
   clib_bitmap_free (p->free_bitmap);
-  vec_free (p->free_indices);
-  vec_free_h (v, pool_aligned_header_bytes);
+
+  if (p->max_elts)
+    {
+      int rv;
+
+      rv = munmap (p->mmap_base, p->mmap_size);
+      if (rv)
+	clib_unix_warning ("munmap");
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      vec_free (p->free_indices);
+      vec_free_h (v, pool_aligned_header_bytes);
+    }
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/vppinfra/test_fpool.c b/src/vppinfra/test_fpool.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e2d67f16907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vppinfra/test_fpool.c
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#include <vppinfra/pool.h>
+
+/* can be a very large size */
+#define NELTS 1024
+
+int
+main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+  u32 *junk = 0;
+  int i;
+  u32 *tp = 0;
+  u32 *indices = 0;
+
+  clib_mem_init (0, 3ULL << 30);
+
+  vec_validate (indices, NELTS - 1);
+  _vec_len (indices) = 0;
+
+  pool_init_fixed (tp, NELTS);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < NELTS; i++)
+    {
+      pool_get (tp, junk);
+      vec_add1 (indices, junk - tp);
+      *junk = i;
+    }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < NELTS; i++)
+    {
+      junk = pool_elt_at_index (tp, indices[i]);
+      ASSERT (*junk == i);
+    }
+
+  fformat (stdout, "%d pool elts before deletes\n", pool_elts (tp));
+
+  pool_put_index (tp, indices[12]);
+  pool_put_index (tp, indices[43]);
+
+  fformat (stdout, "%d pool elts after deletes\n", pool_elts (tp));
+
+  pool_validate (tp);
+
+  pool_free (tp);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * fd.io coding-style-patch-verification: ON
+ *
+ * Local Variables:
+ * eval: (c-set-style "gnu")
+ * End:
+ */
diff --git a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_16t_1w_2048sl.h b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_16t_1w_2048sl.h
index 66cf7d37b68..761646b3838 100644
--- a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_16t_1w_2048sl.h
+++ b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_16t_1w_2048sl.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #undef TW_OVERFLOW_VECTOR
 #undef TW_FAST_WHEEL_BITMAP
 #undef TW_TIMER_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_STOP
+#undef TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE
 
 #define TW_TIMER_WHEELS 1
 #define TW_SLOTS_PER_RING 2048
diff --git a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_16t_2w_512sl.h b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_16t_2w_512sl.h
index 00587b8eeda..029f529d2e3 100644
--- a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_16t_2w_512sl.h
+++ b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_16t_2w_512sl.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #undef TW_OVERFLOW_VECTOR
 #undef TW_FAST_WHEEL_BITMAP
 #undef TW_TIMER_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_STOP
+#undef TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE
 
 #define TW_TIMER_WHEELS 2
 #define TW_SLOTS_PER_RING 512
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@
 #define LOG2_TW_TIMERS_PER_OBJECT 4
 #define TW_SUFFIX _16t_2w_512sl
 #define TW_FAST_WHEEL_BITMAP 0
-#define TW_TIMER_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_STOP 0
+#define TW_TIMER_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_STOP 1
 
 #include <vppinfra/tw_timer_template.h>
 
diff --git a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_1t_3w_1024sl_ov.h b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_1t_3w_1024sl_ov.h
index e5e4cc19a90..0b455e029e7 100644
--- a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_1t_3w_1024sl_ov.h
+++ b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_1t_3w_1024sl_ov.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #undef TW_OVERFLOW_VECTOR
 #undef TW_FAST_WHEEL_BITMAP
 #undef TW_TIMER_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_STOP
+#undef TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE
 
 #define TW_TIMER_WHEELS 3
 #define TW_SLOTS_PER_RING 1024
diff --git a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_2t_1w_2048sl.h b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_2t_1w_2048sl.h
index 98b548b39d4..6ae86688b9b 100644
--- a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_2t_1w_2048sl.h
+++ b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_2t_1w_2048sl.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #undef TW_OVERFLOW_VECTOR
 #undef TW_FAST_WHEEL_BITMAP
 #undef TW_TIMER_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_STOP
+#undef TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE
 
 #define TW_TIMER_WHEELS 1
 #define TW_SLOTS_PER_RING 2048
diff --git a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_4t_3w_256sl.h b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_4t_3w_256sl.h
index 07203de8742..16c41bcd5a5 100644
--- a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_4t_3w_256sl.h
+++ b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_4t_3w_256sl.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #undef TW_OVERFLOW_VECTOR
 #undef TW_FAST_WHEEL_BITMAP
 #undef TW_TIMER_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_STOP
+#undef TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE
 
 #define TW_TIMER_WHEELS 3
 #define TW_SLOTS_PER_RING 256
diff --git a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_4t_3w_4sl_ov.h b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_4t_3w_4sl_ov.h
index 20a01d05e7d..845ffeacb5f 100644
--- a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_4t_3w_4sl_ov.h
+++ b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_4t_3w_4sl_ov.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #undef TW_OVERFLOW_VECTOR
 #undef TW_FAST_WHEEL_BITMAP
 #undef TW_TIMER_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_STOP
+#undef TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE
 
 #define TW_TIMER_WHEELS 3
 #define TW_SLOTS_PER_RING 4
diff --git a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_template.c b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_template.c
index c0a9685aa82..aba00142051 100644
--- a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_template.c
+++ b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_template.c
@@ -18,6 +18,87 @@
  *
  *
  */
+#if TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0
+
+void TW (tw_timer_trace) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw, u32 timer_id,
+			  u32 pool_index, u32 handle)
+{
+  TWT (trace) * t = &tw->traces[tw->trace_index];
+
+  t->timer_id = timer_id;
+  t->pool_index = pool_index;
+  t->handle = handle;
+
+  tw->trace_index++;
+  if (tw->trace_index == TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE)
+    {
+      tw->trace_index = 0;
+      tw->trace_wrapped++;
+    }
+}
+
+void TW (tw_search_trace) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw, u32 handle)
+{
+  u32 i, start_pos;
+  TWT (trace) * t;
+  char *s = "bogus!";
+
+  /* reverse search for the supplied handle */
+
+  start_pos = tw->trace_index;
+  if (start_pos == 0)
+    start_pos = TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE - 1;
+  else
+    start_pos--;
+
+  for (i = start_pos; i > 0; i--)
+    {
+      t = &tw->traces[i];
+      if (t->handle == handle)
+	{
+	  switch (t->timer_id)
+	    {
+	    case 0xFF:
+	      s = "stopped";
+	      break;
+	    case 0xFE:
+	      s = "expired";
+	      break;
+	    default:
+	      s = "started";
+	      break;
+	    }
+	  fformat (stderr, "handle 0x%x (%d) %s at trace %d\n",
+		   handle, handle, s, i);
+	}
+    }
+  if (tw->trace_wrapped > 0)
+    {
+      for (i = TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE; i >= tw->trace_index; i--)
+	{
+	  t = &tw->traces[i];
+	  if (t->handle == handle)
+	    {
+	      switch (t->timer_id)
+		{
+		case 0xFF:
+		  s = "stopped";
+		  break;
+		case 0xFE:
+		  s = "expired";
+		  break;
+		default:
+		  s = "started";
+		  break;
+		}
+	      fformat (stderr, "handle 0x%x (%d) %s at trace %d\n",
+		       handle, handle, s, i);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+#endif /* TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0 */
+
 static inline u32
 TW (make_internal_timer_handle) (u32 pool_index, u32 timer_id)
 {
@@ -127,6 +208,9 @@ TW (tw_timer_start) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw, u32 pool_index, u32 timer_id,
       t->expiration_time = tw->current_tick + interval;
       ts = &tw->overflow;
       timer_addhead (tw->timers, ts->head_index, t - tw->timers);
+#if TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0
+      TW (tw_timer_trace) (tw, timer_id, pool_index, t - tw->timers);
+#endif
       return t - tw->timers;
     }
 #endif
@@ -177,7 +261,9 @@ TW (tw_timer_start) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw, u32 pool_index, u32 timer_id,
       ts = &tw->w[TW_TIMER_RING_GLACIER][glacier_ring_offset];
 
       timer_addhead (tw->timers, ts->head_index, t - tw->timers);
-
+#if TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0
+      TW (tw_timer_trace) (tw, timer_id, pool_index, t - tw->timers);
+#endif
       return t - tw->timers;
     }
 #endif
@@ -193,7 +279,9 @@ TW (tw_timer_start) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw, u32 pool_index, u32 timer_id,
       ts = &tw->w[TW_TIMER_RING_SLOW][slow_ring_offset];
 
       timer_addhead (tw->timers, ts->head_index, t - tw->timers);
-
+#if TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0
+      TW (tw_timer_trace) (tw, timer_id, pool_index, t - tw->timers);
+#endif
       return t - tw->timers;
     }
 #else
@@ -209,6 +297,9 @@ TW (tw_timer_start) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw, u32 pool_index, u32 timer_id,
   tw->fast_slot_bitmap = clib_bitmap_set (tw->fast_slot_bitmap,
 					  fast_ring_offset, 1);
 #endif
+#if TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0
+  TW (tw_timer_trace) (tw, timer_id, pool_index, t - tw->timers);
+#endif
   return t - tw->timers;
 }
 
@@ -265,6 +356,9 @@ void TW (tw_timer_stop) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw, u32 handle)
   if (pool_is_free_index (tw->timers, handle))
     return;
 #endif
+#if TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0
+  TW (tw_timer_trace) (tw, ~0, ~0, handle);
+#endif
 
   t = pool_elt_at_index (tw->timers, handle);
 
@@ -302,6 +396,7 @@ TW (tw_timer_wheel_init) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw,
   tw->timer_interval = timer_interval_in_seconds;
   tw->ticks_per_second = 1.0 / timer_interval_in_seconds;
   tw->first_expires_tick = ~0ULL;
+
   vec_validate (tw->expired_timer_handles, 0);
   _vec_len (tw->expired_timer_handles) = 0;
 
@@ -476,6 +571,9 @@ static inline
 				 new_glacier_ring_offset == 0))
 		{
 		  vec_add1 (callback_vector, t->user_handle);
+#if TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0
+		  TW (tw_timer_trace) (tw, 0xfe, ~0, t - tw->timers);
+#endif
 		  pool_put (tw->timers, t);
 		}
 	      /* Timer moves to the glacier ring */
@@ -536,6 +634,9 @@ static inline
 				 t->fast_ring_offset == 0))
 		{
 		  vec_add1 (callback_vector, t->user_handle);
+#if TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0
+		  TW (tw_timer_trace) (tw, 0xfe, ~0, t - tw->timers);
+#endif
 		  pool_put (tw->timers, t);
 		}
 	      /* Timer expires during slow-wheel tick 0 */
@@ -587,6 +688,9 @@ static inline
 	      if (PREDICT_FALSE (t->fast_ring_offset == 0))
 		{
 		  vec_add1 (callback_vector, t->user_handle);
+#if TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0
+		  TW (tw_timer_trace) (tw, 0xfe, ~0, t - tw->timers);
+#endif
 		  pool_put (tw->timers, t);
 		}
 	      else		/* typical case */
@@ -620,6 +724,9 @@ static inline
 	  t = pool_elt_at_index (tw->timers, next_index);
 	  next_index = t->next;
 	  vec_add1 (callback_vector, t->user_handle);
+#if TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0
+	  TW (tw_timer_trace) (tw, 0xfe, ~0, t - tw->timers);
+#endif
 	  pool_put (tw->timers, t);
 	}
 
@@ -628,10 +735,7 @@ static inline
 	{
 	  /* The callback is optional. We return the u32 * handle vector */
 	  if (tw->expired_timer_callback)
-	    {
-	      tw->expired_timer_callback (callback_vector);
-	      _vec_len (callback_vector) = 0;
-	    }
+	    tw->expired_timer_callback (callback_vector);
 	  tw->expired_timer_handles = callback_vector;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_template.h b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_template.h
index 0404e3f4715..0217644df6e 100644
--- a/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_template.h
+++ b/src/vppinfra/tw_timer_template.h
@@ -170,6 +170,13 @@ typedef enum
 } tw_ring_index_t;
 #endif /* __defined_tw_timer_wheel_slot__ */
 
+typedef CLIB_PACKED (struct
+		     {
+		     u8 timer_id;
+		     u32 pool_index;
+		     u32 handle;
+		     }) TWT (trace);
+
 typedef struct
 {
   /** Timer pool */
@@ -211,11 +218,20 @@ typedef struct
   /** expired timer callback, receives a vector of handles */
   void (*expired_timer_callback) (u32 * expired_timer_handles);
 
-  /** vector of expired timers */
+  /** vectors of expired timers */
   u32 *expired_timer_handles;
 
   /** maximum expirations */
   u32 max_expirations;
+
+  /** current trace index */
+#if TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0
+  /* Start/stop/expire tracing */
+  u32 trace_index;
+  u32 trace_wrapped;
+    TWT (trace) traces[TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE];
+#endif
+
 } TWT (tw_timer_wheel);
 
 u32 TW (tw_timer_start) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw,
@@ -236,6 +252,12 @@ u32 *TW (tw_timer_expire_timers_vec) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw, f64 now,
 u32 TW (tw_timer_first_expires_in_ticks) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw);
 #endif
 
+#if TW_START_STOP_TRACE_SIZE > 0
+void TW (tw_search_trace) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw, u32 handle);
+void TW (tw_timer_trace) (TWT (tw_timer_wheel) * tw, u32 timer_id,
+			  u32 pool_index, u32 handle);
+#endif
+
 /*
  * fd.io coding-style-patch-verification: ON
  *