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authorDave Wallace <dwallacelf@gmail.com>2021-05-12 21:43:59 -0400
committerDamjan Marion <dmarion@me.com>2021-05-13 09:33:06 +0000
commiteddd8e3588561039985b27edf059db6033bfdfab (patch)
tree44896887d6070853ea77a18cae218f5d4ef4d93a /test/test_classify_l2_acl.py
parentfd77f8c00c8e9d528d91a9cefae1878e383582ed (diff)
tests: move test source to vpp/test
- Generate copyright year and version instead of using hard-coded data Type: refactor Signed-off-by: Dave Wallace <dwallacelf@gmail.com> Change-Id: I6058f5025323b3aa483f5df4a2c4371e27b5914e
Diffstat (limited to 'test/test_classify_l2_acl.py')
-rw-r--r--test/test_classify_l2_acl.py608
1 files changed, 608 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/test/test_classify_l2_acl.py b/test/test_classify_l2_acl.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b1309881e58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_classify_l2_acl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,608 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+""" Classifier-based L2 ACL Test Case HLD:
+"""
+
+import unittest
+import random
+import binascii
+import socket
+
+
+from scapy.packet import Raw
+from scapy.data import ETH_P_IP
+from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether
+from scapy.layers.inet import IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, ICMPv6EchoRequest
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6ExtHdrFragment
+from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
+from util import Host, ppp
+from template_classifier import TestClassifier
+
+
+class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
+ """ Classifier-based L2 input and output ACL Test Case """
+
+ # traffic types
+ IP = 0
+ ICMP = 1
+
+ # IP version
+ IPRANDOM = -1
+ IPV4 = 0
+ IPV6 = 1
+
+ # rule types
+ DENY = 0
+ PERMIT = 1
+
+ # supported protocols
+ proto = [[6, 17], [1, 58]]
+ proto_map = {1: 'ICMP', 58: 'ICMPv6EchoRequest', 6: 'TCP', 17: 'UDP'}
+ ICMPv4 = 0
+ ICMPv6 = 1
+ TCP = 0
+ UDP = 1
+ PROTO_ALL = 0
+
+ # port ranges
+ PORTS_ALL = -1
+ PORTS_RANGE = 0
+ PORTS_RANGE_2 = 1
+ udp_sport_from = 10
+ udp_sport_to = udp_sport_from + 5
+ udp_dport_from = 20000
+ udp_dport_to = udp_dport_from + 5000
+ tcp_sport_from = 30
+ tcp_sport_to = tcp_sport_from + 5
+ tcp_dport_from = 40000
+ tcp_dport_to = tcp_dport_from + 5000
+
+ udp_sport_from_2 = 90
+ udp_sport_to_2 = udp_sport_from_2 + 5
+ udp_dport_from_2 = 30000
+ udp_dport_to_2 = udp_dport_from_2 + 5000
+ tcp_sport_from_2 = 130
+ tcp_sport_to_2 = tcp_sport_from_2 + 5
+ tcp_dport_from_2 = 20000
+ tcp_dport_to_2 = tcp_dport_from_2 + 5000
+
+ icmp4_type = 8 # echo request
+ icmp4_code = 3
+ icmp6_type = 128 # echo request
+ icmp6_code = 3
+
+ icmp4_type_2 = 8
+ icmp4_code_from_2 = 5
+ icmp4_code_to_2 = 20
+ icmp6_type_2 = 128
+ icmp6_code_from_2 = 8
+ icmp6_code_to_2 = 42
+
+ # Test variables
+ bd_id = 1
+
+ @classmethod
+ def setUpClass(cls):
+ """
+ Perform standard class setup (defined by class method setUpClass in
+ class VppTestCase) before running the test case, set test case related
+ variables and configure VPP.
+ """
+ super(TestClassifyAcl, cls).setUpClass()
+ cls.af = None
+
+ try:
+ # Create 2 pg interfaces
+ cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(2))
+
+ # Packet flows mapping pg0 -> pg1, pg2 etc.
+ cls.flows = dict()
+ cls.flows[cls.pg0] = [cls.pg1]
+
+ # Packet sizes
+ cls.pg_if_packet_sizes = [64, 512, 1518, 9018]
+
+ # Create BD with MAC learning and unknown unicast flooding disabled
+ # and put interfaces to this BD
+ cls.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=cls.bd_id, uu_flood=1,
+ learn=1)
+ for pg_if in cls.pg_interfaces:
+ cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+ rx_sw_if_index=pg_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id)
+
+ # Set up all interfaces
+ for i in cls.pg_interfaces:
+ i.admin_up()
+
+ # Mapping between packet-generator index and lists of test hosts
+ cls.hosts_by_pg_idx = dict()
+ for pg_if in cls.pg_interfaces:
+ cls.hosts_by_pg_idx[pg_if.sw_if_index] = []
+
+ # Create list of deleted hosts
+ cls.deleted_hosts_by_pg_idx = dict()
+ for pg_if in cls.pg_interfaces:
+ cls.deleted_hosts_by_pg_idx[pg_if.sw_if_index] = []
+
+ # warm-up the mac address tables
+ # self.warmup_test()
+
+ # Holder of the active classify table key
+ cls.acl_active_table = ''
+
+ except Exception:
+ super(TestClassifyAcl, cls).tearDownClass()
+ raise
+
+ @classmethod
+ def tearDownClass(cls):
+ super(TestClassifyAcl, cls).tearDownClass()
+
+ def setUp(self):
+ super(TestClassifyAcl, self).setUp()
+ self.acl_tbl_idx = {}
+
+ def tearDown(self):
+ """
+ Show various debug prints after each test.
+ """
+ if not self.vpp_dead:
+ if self.acl_active_table == 'mac_inout':
+ self.output_acl_set_interface(
+ self.pg1, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0)
+ self.input_acl_set_interface(
+ self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0)
+ self.acl_active_table = ''
+ elif self.acl_active_table == 'mac_out':
+ self.output_acl_set_interface(
+ self.pg1, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0)
+ self.acl_active_table = ''
+ elif self.acl_active_table == 'mac_in':
+ self.input_acl_set_interface(
+ self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0)
+ self.acl_active_table = ''
+
+ super(TestClassifyAcl, self).tearDown()
+
+ def create_classify_session(self, intf, table_index, match,
+ hit_next_index=0xffffffff, is_add=1):
+ """Create Classify Session
+
+ :param VppInterface intf: Interface to apply classify session.
+ :param int table_index: table index to identify classify table.
+ :param str match: matched value for interested traffic.
+ :param int is_add: option to configure classify session.
+ - create(1) or delete(0)
+ """
+ mask_match, mask_match_len = self._resolve_mask_match(match)
+ r = self.vapi.classify_add_del_session(
+ is_add=is_add,
+ table_index=table_index,
+ match=mask_match,
+ match_len=mask_match_len,
+ hit_next_index=hit_next_index)
+ self.assertIsNotNone(r, 'No response msg for add_del_session')
+
+ def create_hosts(self, count, start=0):
+ """
+ Create required number of host MAC addresses and distribute them among
+ interfaces. Create host IPv4 address for every host MAC address.
+
+ :param int count: Number of hosts to create MAC/IPv4 addresses for.
+ :param int start: Number to start numbering from.
+ """
+ n_int = len(self.pg_interfaces)
+ macs_per_if = count // n_int
+ i = -1
+ for pg_if in self.pg_interfaces:
+ i += 1
+ start_nr = macs_per_if * i + start
+ end_nr = count + start if i == (n_int - 1) \
+ else macs_per_if * (i + 1) + start
+ hosts = self.hosts_by_pg_idx[pg_if.sw_if_index]
+ for j in range(start_nr, end_nr):
+ host = Host(
+ "00:00:00:ff:%02x:%02x" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
+ "172.17.1%02x.%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
+ "2017:dead:%02x::%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j))
+ hosts.append(host)
+
+ def create_upper_layer(self, packet_index, proto, ports=0):
+ p = self.proto_map[proto]
+ if p == 'UDP':
+ if ports == 0:
+ return UDP(sport=random.randint(self.udp_sport_from,
+ self.udp_sport_to),
+ dport=random.randint(self.udp_dport_from,
+ self.udp_dport_to))
+ else:
+ return UDP(sport=ports, dport=ports)
+ elif p == 'TCP':
+ if ports == 0:
+ return TCP(sport=random.randint(self.tcp_sport_from,
+ self.tcp_sport_to),
+ dport=random.randint(self.tcp_dport_from,
+ self.tcp_dport_to))
+ else:
+ return TCP(sport=ports, dport=ports)
+ return ''
+
+ def create_stream(self, src_if, packet_sizes, traffic_type=0, ipv6=0,
+ proto=-1, ports=0, fragments=False,
+ pkt_raw=True, etype=-1):
+ """
+ Create input packet stream for defined interface using hosts or
+ deleted_hosts list.
+
+ :param object src_if: Interface to create packet stream for.
+ :param list packet_sizes: List of required packet sizes.
+ :param traffic_type: 1: ICMP packet, 2: IPv6 with EH, 0: otherwise.
+ :return: Stream of packets.
+ """
+ pkts = []
+ if self.flows.__contains__(src_if):
+ src_hosts = self.hosts_by_pg_idx[src_if.sw_if_index]
+ for dst_if in self.flows[src_if]:
+ dst_hosts = self.hosts_by_pg_idx[dst_if.sw_if_index]
+ n_int = len(dst_hosts) * len(src_hosts)
+ for i in range(0, n_int):
+ dst_host = dst_hosts[i // len(src_hosts)]
+ src_host = src_hosts[i % len(src_hosts)]
+ pkt_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
+ if ipv6 == 1:
+ pkt_info.ip = 1
+ elif ipv6 == 0:
+ pkt_info.ip = 0
+ else:
+ pkt_info.ip = random.choice([0, 1])
+ if proto == -1:
+ pkt_info.proto = random.choice(self.proto[self.IP])
+ else:
+ pkt_info.proto = proto
+ payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
+ p = Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac)
+ if etype > 0:
+ p = Ether(dst=dst_host.mac,
+ src=src_host.mac,
+ type=etype)
+ if pkt_info.ip:
+ p /= IPv6(dst=dst_host.ip6, src=src_host.ip6)
+ if fragments:
+ p /= IPv6ExtHdrFragment(offset=64, m=1)
+ else:
+ if fragments:
+ p /= IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4,
+ flags=1, frag=64)
+ else:
+ p /= IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4)
+ if traffic_type == self.ICMP:
+ if pkt_info.ip:
+ p /= ICMPv6EchoRequest(type=self.icmp6_type,
+ code=self.icmp6_code)
+ else:
+ p /= ICMP(type=self.icmp4_type,
+ code=self.icmp4_code)
+ else:
+ p /= self.create_upper_layer(i, pkt_info.proto, ports)
+ if pkt_raw:
+ p /= Raw(payload)
+ pkt_info.data = p.copy()
+ if pkt_raw:
+ size = random.choice(packet_sizes)
+ self.extend_packet(p, size)
+ pkts.append(p)
+ return pkts
+
+ def verify_capture(self, pg_if, capture,
+ traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, etype=-1):
+ """
+ Verify captured input packet stream for defined interface.
+
+ :param object pg_if: Interface to verify captured packet stream for.
+ :param list capture: Captured packet stream.
+ :param traffic_type: 1: ICMP packet, 2: IPv6 with EH, 0: otherwise.
+ """
+ last_info = dict()
+ for i in self.pg_interfaces:
+ last_info[i.sw_if_index] = None
+ dst_sw_if_index = pg_if.sw_if_index
+ for packet in capture:
+ if etype > 0:
+ if packet[Ether].type != etype:
+ self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected ethertype in packet:",
+ packet))
+ else:
+ continue
+ try:
+ # Raw data for ICMPv6 are stored in ICMPv6EchoRequest.data
+ if traffic_type == self.ICMP and ip_type == self.IPV6:
+ payload_info = self.payload_to_info(
+ packet[ICMPv6EchoRequest].data)
+ payload = packet[ICMPv6EchoRequest]
+ else:
+ payload_info = self.payload_to_info(packet[Raw])
+ payload = packet[self.proto_map[payload_info.proto]]
+ except:
+ self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
+ "(outside network):", packet))
+ raise
+
+ if ip_type != 0:
+ self.assertEqual(payload_info.ip, ip_type)
+ if traffic_type == self.ICMP:
+ try:
+ if payload_info.ip == 0:
+ self.assertEqual(payload.type, self.icmp4_type)
+ self.assertEqual(payload.code, self.icmp4_code)
+ else:
+ self.assertEqual(payload.type, self.icmp6_type)
+ self.assertEqual(payload.code, self.icmp6_code)
+ except:
+ self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
+ "(outside network):", packet))
+ raise
+ else:
+ try:
+ ip_version = IPv6 if payload_info.ip == 1 else IP
+
+ ip = packet[ip_version]
+ packet_index = payload_info.index
+
+ self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
+ self.logger.debug("Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
+ (pg_if.name, payload_info.src,
+ packet_index))
+ next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
+ payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
+ last_info[payload_info.src])
+ last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
+ self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
+ self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
+ saved_packet = next_info.data
+ # Check standard fields
+ self.assertEqual(ip.src, saved_packet[ip_version].src)
+ self.assertEqual(ip.dst, saved_packet[ip_version].dst)
+ p = self.proto_map[payload_info.proto]
+ if p == 'TCP':
+ tcp = packet[TCP]
+ self.assertEqual(tcp.sport, saved_packet[
+ TCP].sport)
+ self.assertEqual(tcp.dport, saved_packet[
+ TCP].dport)
+ elif p == 'UDP':
+ udp = packet[UDP]
+ self.assertEqual(udp.sport, saved_packet[
+ UDP].sport)
+ self.assertEqual(udp.dport, saved_packet[
+ UDP].dport)
+ except:
+ self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:",
+ packet))
+ raise
+ for i in self.pg_interfaces:
+ remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
+ i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
+ self.assertTrue(
+ remaining_packet is None,
+ "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive" %
+ (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index))
+
+ def run_traffic_no_check(self):
+ # Test
+ # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
+ for i in self.pg_interfaces:
+ if self.flows.__contains__(i):
+ pkts = self.create_stream(i, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
+ if len(pkts) > 0:
+ i.add_stream(pkts)
+
+ # Enable packet capture and start packet sending
+ self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
+ self.pg_start()
+
+ def run_verify_test(self, traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, proto=-1, ports=0,
+ frags=False, pkt_raw=True, etype=-1):
+ # Test
+ # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
+ pkts_cnt = 0
+ for i in self.pg_interfaces:
+ if self.flows.__contains__(i):
+ pkts = self.create_stream(i, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+ traffic_type, ip_type, proto, ports,
+ frags, pkt_raw, etype)
+ if len(pkts) > 0:
+ i.add_stream(pkts)
+ pkts_cnt += len(pkts)
+
+ # Enable packet capture and start packet sendingself.IPV
+ self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
+ self.pg_start()
+
+ # Verify
+ # Verify outgoing packet streams per packet-generator interface
+ for src_if in self.pg_interfaces:
+ if self.flows.__contains__(src_if):
+ for dst_if in self.flows[src_if]:
+ capture = dst_if.get_capture(pkts_cnt)
+ self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s" %
+ dst_if.name)
+ self.verify_capture(dst_if, capture,
+ traffic_type, ip_type, etype)
+
+ def run_verify_negat_test(self, traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, proto=-1,
+ ports=0, frags=False, etype=-1):
+ # Test
+ self.reset_packet_infos()
+ for i in self.pg_interfaces:
+ if self.flows.__contains__(i):
+ pkts = self.create_stream(i, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+ traffic_type, ip_type, proto, ports,
+ frags, True, etype)
+ if len(pkts) > 0:
+ i.add_stream(pkts)
+
+ # Enable packet capture and start packet sending
+ self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
+ self.pg_start()
+
+ # Verify
+ # Verify outgoing packet streams per packet-generator interface
+ for src_if in self.pg_interfaces:
+ if self.flows.__contains__(src_if):
+ for dst_if in self.flows[src_if]:
+ self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s" %
+ dst_if.name)
+ capture = dst_if.get_capture(0)
+ self.assertEqual(len(capture), 0)
+
+ def build_classify_table(self, src_mac='', dst_mac='', ether_type='',
+ etype='', key='mac', hit_next_index=0xffffffff):
+ # Basic ACL testing
+ a_mask = self.build_mac_mask(src_mac=src_mac, dst_mac=dst_mac,
+ ether_type=ether_type)
+ self.create_classify_table(key, a_mask)
+ for host in self.hosts_by_pg_idx[self.pg0.sw_if_index]:
+ s_mac = host.mac if src_mac else ''
+ if dst_mac:
+ for dst_if in self.flows[self.pg0]:
+ for dst_host in self.hosts_by_pg_idx[dst_if.sw_if_index]:
+ self.create_classify_session(
+ self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
+ self.build_mac_match(src_mac=s_mac,
+ dst_mac=dst_host.mac,
+ ether_type=etype),
+ hit_next_index=hit_next_index)
+ else:
+ self.create_classify_session(
+ self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
+ self.build_mac_match(src_mac=s_mac, dst_mac='',
+ ether_type=etype),
+ hit_next_index=hit_next_index)
+
+ def test_0000_warmup_test(self):
+ """ Learn the MAC addresses
+ """
+ self.create_hosts(2)
+ self.run_traffic_no_check()
+
+ def test_0010_inacl_permit_src_mac(self):
+ """ Input L2 ACL test - permit source MAC
+
+ Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
+ - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
+ - Create ACL with source MAC address.
+ - Send and verify received packets on pg1 interface.
+ """
+ key = 'mac_in'
+ self.build_classify_table(src_mac='ffffffffffff', key=key)
+ self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+ self.acl_active_table = key
+ self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
+
+ def test_0011_inacl_permit_dst_mac(self):
+ """ Input L2 ACL test - permit destination MAC
+
+ Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
+ - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
+ - Create ACL with destination MAC address.
+ - Send and verify received packets on pg1 interface.
+ """
+ key = 'mac_in'
+ self.build_classify_table(dst_mac='ffffffffffff', key=key)
+ self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+ self.acl_active_table = key
+ self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
+
+ def test_0012_inacl_permit_src_dst_mac(self):
+ """ Input L2 ACL test - permit source and destination MAC
+
+ Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
+ - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
+ - Create ACL with source and destination MAC addresses.
+ - Send and verify received packets on pg1 interface.
+ """
+ key = 'mac_in'
+ self.build_classify_table(
+ src_mac='ffffffffffff', dst_mac='ffffffffffff', key=key)
+ self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+ self.acl_active_table = key
+ self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
+
+ def test_0013_inacl_permit_ether_type(self):
+ """ Input L2 ACL test - permit ether_type
+
+ Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
+ - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
+ - Create ACL with destination MAC address.
+ - Send and verify received packets on pg1 interface.
+ """
+ key = 'mac_in'
+ self.build_classify_table(
+ ether_type='ffff', etype=hex(ETH_P_IP)[2:], key=key)
+ self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+ self.acl_active_table = key
+ self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
+
+ def test_0015_inacl_deny(self):
+ """ Input L2 ACL test - deny
+
+ Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
+ - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
+
+ - Create ACL with source MAC address.
+ - Send and verify no received packets on pg1 interface.
+ """
+ key = 'mac_in'
+ self.build_classify_table(
+ src_mac='ffffffffffff', hit_next_index=0, key=key)
+ self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+ self.acl_active_table = key
+ self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
+
+ def test_0020_outacl_permit(self):
+ """ Output L2 ACL test - permit
+
+ Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
+ - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
+ - Create ACL with source MAC address.
+ - Send and verify received packets on pg1 interface.
+ """
+ key = 'mac_out'
+ self.build_classify_table(src_mac='ffffffffffff', key=key)
+ self.output_acl_set_interface(self.pg1, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+ self.acl_active_table = key
+ self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
+
+ def test_0025_outacl_deny(self):
+ """ Output L2 ACL test - deny
+
+ Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
+ - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
+ - Create ACL with source MAC address.
+ - Send and verify no received packets on pg1 interface.
+ """
+ key = 'mac_out'
+ self.build_classify_table(
+ src_mac='ffffffffffff', hit_next_index=0, key=key)
+ self.output_acl_set_interface(self.pg1, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+ self.acl_active_table = key
+ self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
+
+ def test_0030_inoutacl_permit(self):
+ """ Input+Output L2 ACL test - permit
+
+ Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
+ - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
+ - Create ACLs with source MAC address.
+ - Send and verify received packets on pg1 interface.
+ """
+ key = 'mac_inout'
+ self.build_classify_table(src_mac='ffffffffffff', key=key)
+ self.output_acl_set_interface(self.pg1, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+ self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+ self.acl_active_table = key
+ self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+ unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)