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-.. _srmpls_doc:
-
-SR-MPLS: Segment Routing for MPLS
-=================================
-
-This is a memo intended to contain documentation of the VPP SR-MPLS
-implementation. Everything that is not directly obvious should come
-here. For any feedback on content that should be explained please
-mailto:pcamaril@cisco.com
-
-Segment Routing
----------------
-
-Segment routing is a network technology focused on addressing the
-limitations of existing IP and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
-networks in terms of simplicity, scale, and ease of operation. It is a
-foundation for application engineered routing as it prepares the
-networks for new business models where applications can control the
-network behavior.
-
-Segment routing seeks the right balance between distributed intelligence
-and centralized optimization and programming. It was built for the
-software-defined networking (SDN) era.
-
-Segment routing enhances packet forwarding behavior by enabling a
-network to transport unicast packets through a specific forwarding path,
-different from the normal path that a packet usually takes (IGP shortest
-path or BGP best path). This capability benefits many use cases, and one
-can build those specific paths based on application requirements.
-
-Segment routing uses the source routing paradigm. A node, usually a
-router but also a switch, a trusted server, or a virtual forwarder
-running on a hypervisor, steers a packet through an ordered list of
-instructions, called segments. A segment can represent any instruction,
-topological or service-based. A segment can have a local semantic to a
-segment-routing node or global within a segment-routing network. Segment
-routing allows an operator to enforce a flow through any topological
-path and service chain while maintaining per-flow state only at the
-ingress node to the segment-routing network. Segment routing also
-supports equal-cost multipath (ECMP) by design.
-
-Segment routing can operate with either an MPLS or an IPv6 data plane.
-All the currently available MPLS services, such as Layer 3 VPN (L3VPN),
-L2VPN (Virtual Private Wire Service [VPWS], Virtual Private LAN Services
-[VPLS], Ethernet VPN [E-VPN], and Provider Backbone Bridging Ethernet
-VPN [PBB-EVPN]), can run on top of a segment-routing transport network.
-
-**The implementation of Segment Routing in VPP covers both the IPv6 data
-plane (SRv6) as well as the MPLS data plane (SR-MPLS). This page
-contains the SR-MPLS documentation.**
-
-Segment Routing terminology
----------------------------
-
-- SegmentID (SID): is an MPLS label.
-- Segment List (SL) (SID List): is the sequence of SIDs that the packet
- will traverse.
-- SR Policy: is a set of candidate paths (SID list+weight). An SR
- policy is uniquely identified by its Binding SID and associated with
- a weighted set of Segment Lists. In case several SID lists are
- defined, traffic steered into the policy is unevenly load-balanced
- among them according to their respective weights.
-- BindingSID: a BindingSID is a SID (only one) associated one-one with
- an SR Policy. If a packet arrives with MPLS label corresponding to a
- BindingSID, then the SR policy will be applied to such packet.
- (BindingSID is popped first.)
-
-SR-MPLS features in VPP
------------------------
-
-The SR-MPLS implementation is focused on the SR policies, as well on its
-steering. Others SR-MPLS features, such as for example AdjSIDs, can be
-achieved using the regular VPP MPLS implementation.
-
-The Segment Routing Policy
-(*draft-filsfils-spring-segment-routing-policy*) defines SR Policies.
-
-Creating a SR Policy
---------------------
-
-An SR Policy is defined by a Binding SID and a weighted set of Segment
-Lists.
-
-A new SR policy is created with a first SID list using:
-
-::
-
- sr mpls policy add bsid 40001 next 16001 next 16002 next 16003 (weight 5)
-
-- The weight parameter is only used if more than one SID list is
- associated with the policy.
-
-An SR policy is deleted with:
-
-::
-
- sr mpls policy del bsid 40001
-
-The existing SR policies are listed with:
-
-::
-
- show sr mpls policies
-
-Adding/Removing SID Lists from an SR policy
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-An additional SID list is associated with an existing SR policy with:
-
-::
-
- sr mpls policy mod bsid 40001 add sl next 16001 next 16002 next 16003 (weight 3)
-
-Conversely, a SID list can be removed from an SR policy with:
-
-::
-
- sr mpls policy mod bsid 4001 del sl index 1
-
-Note that this CLI cannot be used to remove the last SID list of a
-policy. Instead the SR policy delete CLI must be used.
-
-The weight of a SID list can also be modified with:
-
-::
-
- sr mpls policy mod bsid 40001 mod sl index 1 weight 4
-
-SR Policies: Spray policies
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Spray policies are a specific type of SR policies where the packet is
-replicated on all the SID lists, rather than load-balanced among them.
-
-SID list weights are ignored with this type of policies.
-
-A Spray policy is instantiated by appending the keyword **spray** to a
-regular SR-MPLS policy command, as in:
-
-::
-
- sr mpls policy add bsid 40002 next 16001 next 16002 next 16003 spray
-
-Spray policies are used for removing multicast state from a network core
-domain, and instead send a linear unicast copy to every access node. The
-last SID in each list accesses the multicast tree within the access
-node.
-
-Steering packets into a SR Policy
----------------------------------
-
-Segment Routing supports three methods of steering traffic into an SR
-policy.
-
-Local steering
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-In this variant incoming packets match a routing policy which directs
-them on a local SR policy.
-
-In order to achieve this behavior the user needs to create an ‘sr
-steering policy via sr policy bsid’.
-
-::
-
- sr mpls steer l3 2001::/64 via sr policy bsid 40001
- sr mpls steer l3 2001::/64 via sr policy bsid 40001 fib-table 3
- sr mpls steer l3 10.0.0.0/16 via sr policy bsid 40001
- sr mpls steer l3 10.0.0.0/16 via sr policy bsid 40001 vpn-label 500
-
-Remote steering
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-In this variant incoming packets have an active SID matching a local
-BSID at the head-end.
-
-In order to achieve this behavior the packets should simply arrive with
-an active SID equal to the Binding SID of a locally instantiated SR
-policy.
-
-Automated steering
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-In this variant incoming packets match a BGP/Service route which
-recurses on the BSID of a local policy.
-
-In order to achieve this behavior the user first needs to color the SR
-policies. He can do so by using the CLI:
-
-::
-
- sr mpls policy te bsid xxxxx endpoint x.x.x.x color 12341234
-
-Notice that an SR policy can have a single endpoint and a single color.
-Notice that the *endpoint* value is an IP46 address and the color a u32.
-
-Then, for any BGP/Service route the user has to use the API to steer
-prefixes:
-
-::
-
- sr steer l3 2001::/64 via next-hop 2001::1 color 1234 co 2
- sr steer l3 2001::/64 via next-hop 2001::1 color 1234 co 2 vpn-label 500
-
-Notice that *co* refers to the CO-bits (values [0|1|2|3]).
-
-Notice also that a given prefix might be steered over several colors
-(same next-hop and same co-bit value). In order to add new colors just
-execute the API several times (or with the del parameter to delete the
-color).
-
-This variant is meant to be used in conjunction with a control plane
-agent that uses the underlying binary API bindings of
-*sr_mpls_steering_policy_add*/*sr_mpls_steering_policy_del* for any BGP
-service route received.