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2022-05-16vlib: exec cli line-by-line processing and script updatesDamjan Marion1-31/+39
Type: improvement Change-Id: I82e7c0acc547794bcc7c42f4b8881a8251bf7a9b Signed-off-by: Damjan Marion <damarion@cisco.com>
2022-04-04vppinfra: make _vec_len() read-onlyDamjan Marion1-18/+18
Use of _vec_len() to set vector length breaks address sanitizer. Users should use vec_set_len(), vec_inc_len(), vec_dec_len () instead. Type: improvement Change-Id: I441ae948771eb21c23a61f3ff9163bdad74a2cb8 Signed-off-by: Damjan Marion <damarion@cisco.com>
2022-03-23vppinfra: change vlib_register_node so it takes format string for node nameDamjan Marion1-3/+1
This allows specifying both c string and vector for node name and removes need for crafting temporary string. Type: improvement Change-Id: I0b016cd70aeda0f68eb6f9171c5152f303be7369 Signed-off-by: Damjan Marion <damarion@cisco.com>
2022-03-23vlib: mitigate outdated new cli session eventsVladislav Grishenko1-1/+5
Possible races while concurrent additon to the new sessions vector in a one process and remove from it in an another need to be avoided. Let the vector be changed in the new session process function only. Also cli_file_pool element may be freed already at the new session event arrive timepoint, still causing unexpected cli banner for noninteracive cli sessions. Type: fix Fixes: 17a67218587d40541ff522c6a86f354720481fbb Signed-off-by: Vladislav Grishenko <themiron@yandex-team.ru> Change-Id: I022d16dd3aad9c9330834d35c58938f04b015b08
2021-10-06vlib: doc nitfixesNathan Skrzypczak1-1/+1
Type: improvement Change-Id: I9e761f908d9d2becbc61eb0515dc6b7c1e1e036f Signed-off-by: Nathan Skrzypczak <nathan.skrzypczak@gmail.com>
2021-08-27vlib: vpp banner is outputted to non-interactive vppctl sessionSteven Luong1-0/+11
Running a batch file which contains many vppctl commands, occasionally, VPP may spit out the banner for some of the commands. This happens when VPP erroneously views the vppctl session as interactive. A simple way to recreate the problem is to run a batch script as followed while [ 1 ] do vppctl create loopback interface vppctl delete loopback interface intfc loop0 done We have two processes which may display the banner, unix_cli_new_session_process and unix_cli_process. Normally, unix_cli_process parses the input tokens and displays the banner after it negotiates the terminal type with the vppctl app. unix_cli_new_session_process only displays the banner just in case the client fails to negotiate terminal type. It runs on a timer and expires in 1 second to display the banner if by then the terminal type is still not yet negotiated. The problem is when the session is killed or exitted, VPP does not remove the element that was enqueued for cli_new_session_process. The index for the connection (cf) is recycled. The timer for the queue element continues to run. When the timer expires for the queue element, it finds the wrong new session due to index recycling. If the new session has not had negotiated the terminal type, the banner is printed erroneously to the new session from cli_new_session_process. The fix is to clean up the queue element to stop cli_new_session_process from processing the wrong connection when the session is killed. Type: fix Signed-off-by: Steven Luong <sluong@cisco.com> Change-Id: Ife2f1b1c95661e442f0fc6b73505e330e6641fc1
2021-06-13vlib: fix dangling reference in node_by_name hashDave Barach1-1/+4
When recycling a debug CLI process node, unix_cli_file_add() needs to delete and recreate the related node_by_name hash table entry. Type: fix Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net> Change-Id: I635da4918509d5b22eae37627c2d9b3608380ca6
2021-05-26pg: revert exec file fixesRay Kinsella1-6/+1
This reverts commit fd4fd0d1853ae7384e7a64c4cad17a3469720b95. Type: fix Change-Id: I6ef84f646372270ded486eacee81817067e49106 Signed-off-by: Ray Kinsella <mdr@ashroe.eu>
2021-05-26vlib: revert exec cmd handle scripts with blank linesRay Kinsella1-21/+3
This reverts commit 269e1569e1f7798bf7d7f539daf505b2f1997a08. Type: fix Change-Id: I40bd71ae3b5e9dc8345fb2460aae437de8a9a5ba Signed-off-by: Ray Kinsella <mdr@ashroe.eu>
2021-05-11vlib: exec cmd handle scripts with blank linesDave Barach1-3/+21
Type: fix Fixes: 2f96e7648b9b7d501088eddff7e4a761973e71f4 Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net> Change-Id: Ia75c863850c0df978f61bfc0343a167d8636ed97
2021-04-28pg: exec file fixesmdr781-1/+6
A number of the pg commands were being passed the whole exec file, instead of just a line from the file. Type: fix Signed-off-by: Ray Kinsella <mdr@ashroe.eu> Change-Id: I2f96e7648b9b7d501088eddff7e4a761973e71f4
2021-03-26vlib: introduce vlib_get_main_by_index(), vlib_get_n_threads()Damjan Marion1-2/+2
Type: improvement Change-Id: If3da7d4338470912f37ff1794620418d928fb77f Signed-off-by: Damjan Marion <damarion@cisco.com>
2021-02-08ping: fix aborting on keypressIvan Shvedunov1-7/+0
Type: fix Currently ping stops on events like SOCKET_READ_EVENT, which makes it hard to use over e.g. govpp as it aborts immediately most of the time. With this patch, ping only stops upon real CLI read / quit events. Signed-off-by: Ivan Shvedunov <ivan4th@gmail.com> Change-Id: Id7a8d0b0fdeb7bbc7b85240e398d27bd5199345b
2020-12-14misc: move to new pool_foreach macrosDamjan Marion1-4/+4
Type: refactor Change-Id: Ie67dc579e88132ddb1ee4a34cb69f96920101772 Signed-off-by: Damjan Marion <damarion@cisco.com>
2020-11-10ip6-nd: fix memory leaksDave Barach1-0/+1
Quite a noticeable amount of memory. Recoded ra event tx and rx fns in the usual manner, which terminated the leaks. Type: fix Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net> Change-Id: I486d348456b465ad3940a280d4cf489e8dd655a5
2020-11-09vlib: support macros in initial config fileDave Barach1-15/+59
Type: improvement Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net> Change-Id: If8a19eb6688755311a3430437331ddf13c7e28c8
2020-10-21vlib: print logs to stderr if interactive or nosyslog setDamjan Marion1-2/+2
If VPP is started in interactive mode, instead of sending logs to syslog server we print them directly to stderr. Output is colorized, but that can be turned off with unix { nocolor } Type: improvement Change-Id: I9a0f0803e4cba2849a6efa0b6a86b9614ed33ced Signed-off-by: Damjan Marion <damarion@cisco.com>
2020-10-01vlib: fix line-mode cli memory leakBenoît Ganne1-0/+1
Type: fix Change-Id: Iaf60ec93ee9750074f52ba4dbe955355de5dbccc Signed-off-by: Benoît Ganne <bganne@cisco.com>
2020-08-31vlib: extend telnet protocol guardVladimir Isaev1-1/+1
There is a number of TERMs with big length, such as 'screen.konsole-256color' (23). These TERMs can not be processed properly by vpp because maximum telnet byte stream supported is 24 and we need 6 more service bytes to send TTYPE. So I extended maximum depth guard to 32. Type: fix Signed-off-by: Vladimir Isaev <visaev@netgate.com> Change-Id: I9ca506996a97e9567d06483c5f020d6cc394329c
2020-06-23vlib: debug CLI macro expander, part deuxDave Barach1-11/+34
Deal with circular macro definitions instead of crashing due to stack overflow. Separate macro tables, per CLI session Add documentation to the Sphinx docs Type: improvement Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net> Change-Id: I55fc9152bd37ad0c15fa3959f38b07b63100e634
2020-06-19vlib: add recursive macro expander to debug cliDave Barach1-1/+142
All of the pieces have been sitting around for years. Added several debug CLI commands: "define <variable-name> <value>" "undefine <variable-name>" "show macro [noeval]" "echo <whatever>" Macros may refer to other macros. To defer evaluation: "define foo \$(bar)" or some such. The macro evaluator is not smart about "define foo \$(foo)" or more complicated circular definitions, so don't do that. Environment variables are available, simply use $<name-of-environment-vbl> The macro expander has a table of (overrideable) builtin names, which are evaluated by calling functions. Simple example: echo $USER define ip1 192.168.1.1/24 define ip2 192.168.2.1/24 loop create loop create set int ip address loop0 $ip1 set int ip address loop1 $ip2 show int addr show macro undefine ip1 undefine ip2 Type: feature Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net> Change-Id: I08a800647bac573d8ae3cfd75c40061d41c5f976
2020-05-15vlib: restore commands for non-interactive sessionsBenoît Ganne1-8/+13
'quit' and 'show terminal' are valid for non-interactive sessions too. Type: fix Fixes: a58be82dda89d6496f92e451b42eee31f0cf47b4 Change-Id: Ib63244c7b64ad2e30c257ed19e982295f59bfffa Signed-off-by: Benoît Ganne <bganne@cisco.com>
2020-05-14vlib: fix unix cli commands crash without sessionBenoît Ganne1-15/+23
If a cli command is run while there are no cli session, then cm->cli_file_pool will not be initialized and we should not try to operate on it. Type: fix Change-Id: Iaea15a23f7efd5b17fab13e6c1cbb3a9a34080e0 Signed-off-by: Benoît Ganne <bganne@cisco.com>
2020-03-12vlib: fix unix cli SIGSEGV for empty line inputFan Zhang1-1/+2
When logging is enabled, an empty line input (press Enter only) will cause SIGSEGV. This patch fixes the problem by checking the command length first. Type: fix Signed-off-by: Fan Zhang <roy.fan.zhang@intel.com> Change-Id: Ib4cbd1c7bfd6a694e289d28958875c7d2356a93e
2020-03-11vlib: unix cli - log cli commands one per linePaul Vinciguerra1-0/+2
This changeset modifies the log output so that cli commands now look like: cat /tmp/vpp-cli.log 2020/03/10 19:24:42:186: ***** Start: PID 29570 ***** /* [0] is stdin */ 2020/03/10 19:24:53:518[0]: show clock 2020/03/10 19:24:56:078[0]: show clock 2020/03/10 19:25:01:983[0]: show pci /* [1] is vppctl socket */ 2020/03/10 19:26:14:372[1]: show ver 2020/03/10 19:26:23:395[1]: show hardware-interfaces 2020/03/10 19:26:28:507[1]: q instead of: cat /tmp/vpp-cli.log 2020/03/01 00:40:12:834: ***** Start: PID 29974 ***** 2020/03/01 00:40:24:969[0]: show interface2020/03/01 00:40:31:945[0]: show clo2020/03/01 00:40:41:288[0]: show classify 2020/03/01 00:40:43:753[0]: show classify ?2020/03/01 00:40:53:392[0]: show classify tables2020/03/01 00:40:57:352[0]: quit Type: improvement Change-Id: I38d85535977296d174db7121ae340850b6476a39 Signed-off-by: Paul Vinciguerra <pvinci@vinciconsulting.com>
2020-02-11misc: fix coverity warningsDave Barach1-4/+6
Type: fix Ticket: VPP-1837 Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net> Change-Id: I6b1ea13fc83460bf4ee75cb9249d83dddaa64ded
2019-11-27vlib: add 'wait' cli commandPaul Vinciguerra1-0/+40
When running exec scripts, there can be a need to wait between statements. Type: feature Change-Id: I2a45b390697e09fc222358c9354f28e3368a06ba Signed-off-by: Paul Vinciguerra <pvinci@vinciconsulting.com>
2019-10-08vlib: fix cli process stack overflowChenmin Sun1-1/+1
Type: fix Some cli processes, including configuring an test flow on an i40e interface consume more than the currently available stack space. Signed-off-by: Chenmin Sun <chenmin.sun@intel.com> Change-Id: I3df53d251cd43286f94647384d6e50a463bad15c
2019-09-17vlib: fix cli process stack overflowAloys Augustin1-1/+1
Some cli processes, including bringing up an i40e interface with dpdk, consume more than the currently available stack space. Type: fix Fixes: VPP-1774 Signed-off-by: Aloys Augustin <aloaugus@cisco.com> Change-Id: I86ceb9e6e07523d5e0f760b5922467f09a8d4006
2019-09-16vlib: cli support ctrl-w to erase left wordHiroki Shirokura1-0/+47
Type: fix Signed-off-by: Hiroki Shirokura <slank.dev@gmail.com> Change-Id: I3ae7dc3858d0353764d629d6a9eff2bdab5f8768
2019-08-09stats: create /run/vpp before stat socket bind()YohanPipereau1-1/+1
When VPP tries to bind to stats.sock it will complain about non-existing /run/vpp directory. /run/vpp is created before cli socket operations are performed. The same should be done for stat socket. Ticket: VPP-1708 Type: fix Change-Id: I53d70939c8125d04a365ac51a6cbf8926dc52adf Signed-off-by: YohanPipereau <ypiperea@cisco.com> Signed-off-by: Ole Troan <ot@cisco.com>
2019-07-10vlib: Replace timer in CLI with an event processChris Luke1-16/+140
The CLI code, when it accepts a socket connection, ran a timer for each session that would ensure the CLI session was started should the TELNET negotiation stage fail to complete. It has since transpired that this is unsafe; the timer is capable of firing in critical sections, during a spinlock, and since we peform non-trivial things in the handler it can cause a deadlock. This was reported recently in VPP-1711 but a search of history suggests this may also be (one of) the causes in VPP-1413. This change replaces that method with an event-driven process. The process is created when the first socket connection is accepted. When new connections are created the process is sent an event to register the new session in a list. That event process has a loop that evaluates the list of oustanding sessions and if a deadline expires, their session is started if it has not been already, and then removed from the list. If we have pending sessions then the loop waits on a timer or an event; if there are no sessions it waits on events only. Type: fix Ticket: VPP-1711 Change-Id: I8c6093b7d0fc1bea0eb790032ed282a0ca169194 Signed-off-by: Chris Luke <chrisy@flirble.org> Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net>
2019-05-17Fix 'terminal history off' crasherChris Luke1-7/+14
- 'set terminal history off' or '... limit 0' has an incorrect terminal condition and tries to vec_delete one-too-many times causing a crash. - Changing >= to > fixes this. - In any case, a single vec_delete is more efficient, so do that instead. Change-Id: Ia0db63b6c5c7891d75b302e793b4e4985dd86ebb Signed-off-by: Chris Luke <chrisy@flirble.org>
2019-03-28Typos. A bunch of typos I've been collecting.Paul Vinciguerra1-2/+2
Change-Id: I53ab8d17914e6563110354e4052109ac02bf8f3b Signed-off-by: Paul Vinciguerra <pvinci@vinciconsulting.com>
2018-10-23c11 safe string handling supportDave Barach1-2/+2
Change-Id: Ied34720ca5a6e6e717eea4e86003e854031b6eab Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net>
2018-09-07Silence warning over ignored return value (CID 187932)Chris Luke1-2/+2
- We deliberately ignore the return value. Change-Id: If467911b019e7336cf9dc6d4c95c2cd53a5af33f Signed-off-by: Chris Luke <chrisy@flirble.org>
2018-09-06Fix Telnet option processing issueChris Luke1-1/+8
- A check for the length of the buffer should have used the provided 'len' variable, not 'vec_len' since the buffer pointer may be within a vector, but not the start of one. 'vec_len' reports 0 in that case, causing premature exit from the options processing loop and a wait for further input before it checks the next option. - Also add TCP_NODELAY to CLI sockets to disable Nagle on TCP connections for a possible improvement in interactive response. Change-Id: Ie1f53c003ca7d66bed51f437d298183215bad38c Signed-off-by: Chris Luke <chrisy@flirble.org>
2018-07-12Fix debug CLI node recycling bugsDave Barach1-5/+26
When creating a new - as opposed to recycled - debug CLI process node, perform a proper barrier sync and node runtime update. Otherwise, the graph replicas diverge for some period of time. That's not immediately fatal, but it's not a good idea, either. When renaming a debug cli process node, fix all of the name-vector replicas before freeing the [one-and-only] name vector. This fixes the so-called stats segment node runtime scraper crash, which tripped over a replicated dangling reference to the recently-freed debug CLI node name. Change-Id: Ieffabd9f003139e534b9d79b88370439907930e5 Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dbarach@cisco.com>
2018-06-30cli: Validate cli_file_index on quit commandSteve Shin1-0/+4
VPP crash happens with 'vppctl quit quit' command. The 2nd quit command tries to access the file index which is already freed by the first quit. This can be avoided to validate cli_file_index. Change-Id: I880514c93523db2a727d7510c97950582cd6a6c8 Signed-off-by: Steve Shin <jonshin@cisco.com>
2018-06-10cli: Disable XON/XOFF in the ttyChris Luke1-0/+4
- CLI history forward-search is bound to ^S which is common, but that is also the tty's default control byte to pause output. So we disable XON/XOFF in the tty so that we can use ^S. Change-Id: I61717c77a11733d64eed7f8119677e7cd2e20029 Signed-off-by: Chris Luke <chrisy@flirble.org>
2018-06-10cli: Fix reverse-line-wrap in terminals (VPP-1295)Chris Luke1-86/+195
- Terminals do not reverse-line-wrap when the cursor is at the left edge and \b tries to make it go left. - Instead, we have to track the cursor position if we need to emit \b's and if we are at the left edge emit an ANSI sequence to relocate the cursor. Previously we usually simply calculated the new cursor position after a bunch of output had completed. - Further trickiness is required since most xterm-like terminals also defer moving the cursor to the next line when at the right edge[1], and then if they receive a \b move the cursor back one character too many. - This requires intricate reworking of everywhere that \b is emitted by the CLI code during command line editing. [1] Bash counters this issue by tracking the cursor position as output is generated and forcing the cursor to the next line (by emitting a space followed by \r) if it gets to this phantom cursor position); here we effectively do that but only if the user tries to go left when in this state. Change-Id: I7c1d7c0e24c53111a5810cebb504ccfdac743086 Signed-off-by: Chris Luke <chrisy@flirble.org>
2018-06-10cli: Fix off-by-one in the pagerChris Luke1-2/+2
- The last line in the pager buffer was sometimes missed when using space/pg-dn; simple off-by-one error. Change-Id: Id4e5f7cf0e5db4f719f87b9069d75427bc66d3f7 Signed-off-by: Chris Luke <chrisy@flirble.org>
2018-03-16cli: make q work againFlorin Coras1-0/+8
After the addition of "qos" cli, "quit" command is not the only match for "q". Therefore, add a separate "q" cli to avoid ambiguity. Change-Id: I84f6ddce14ef7d5fa7089537cb62adfecea0e501 Signed-off-by: Florin Coras <fcoras@cisco.com>
2018-02-06vlib: epoll on worker threadsDamjan Marion1-1/+50
This patch teaches worer threads to sleep and to be waken up by kernel if there is activity on file desctiptors assigned to that thread. It also adds counters to epoll file descriptors and new debug cli 'show unix file'. Change-Id: Iaf67869f4aa88ff5b0a08982e1c08474013107c4 Signed-off-by: Damjan Marion <damarion@cisco.com>
2018-01-30VPP-899: Run VPP under SELinuxBilly McFall1-4/+20
Add an SELinux profile such that VPP can run under SELinux on RPM based platforms. The SELinux Policy is currently only implemented for RPM packages, specifically, Fedora, CentOS and RHEL. Doxygen User Documentation has been included (selinux_doc.md). Once some discussion on file locations has completed (see vpp-devlist), updates to the Debug CLI documentation will also need to be updated. Additional changes: Patch Set 2: - Rework selinux_doc.md such that each line is only 80 characters instead of each sentence on a line. Made additonal minor chnages to the text. - Update vHost Debug CLI documentation to reflex new socket location. Cleaned up some text from when I originally wrote it, to better reflex proper use. - Update exec Debug CLI documentation to be more inline with suggested helptext, added text regarding recommended script file location. - For Debian builds, create the /var/log/vpp/ directory. I don't use Debian very much, so please pay extra attention to build-data/platforms.mk and build-root/deb/debian/.gitignore. - Per discussion on VPP call, changed the default log location to /var/log/vpp/vpp.log. - Changed the socket location for vHost in AutoConfig to /var/run/vpp/. Patch Set 3: - Update selinux_doc.md based on comments. Change-Id: I400520dc33f1ca51012d09ef8fe5a7b7b96c631e Signed-off-by: Billy McFall <bmcfall@redhat.com>
2017-12-06fix bug in pagerNeale Ranns1-2/+3
the format statement can return NULL before the pager has pages. Change-Id: Ibabfd107e64fc9ab0eb142c28c155506f0d25828 Signed-off-by: Neale Ranns <nranns@cisco.com>
2017-11-13Instead of a min term size, use a default (VPP-1061)Chris Luke1-16/+21
- In the bug report, Docker was sometimes giving shells a 0,0 terminal size. The minimum-term-size logic meant that VPP assumed the terminal had 1 row. The pager functioned, but of course overwrote the one line with its own prompt. - Instead of a minimum size, always use a default size when the either terminal dimension is 0. Change-Id: Iee5a465f0e4cbb618ef2222b40a52994aefa54bf Signed-off-by: Chris Luke <chrisy@flirble.org>
2017-10-03Repair vlib API socket serverDave Barach1-1/+1
- Teach vpp_api_test to send/receive API messages over sockets - Add memfd-based shared memory - Add api messages to create memfd-based shared memory segments - vpp_api_test supports both socket and shared memory segment connections - vpp_api_test pivot from socket to shared memory API messaging - add socket client support to libvlibclient.so - dead client reaper sends ping messages, container-friendly - dead client reaper falls back to kill (<pid>, 0) live checking if e.g. a python app goes silent for tens of seconds - handle ping messages in python client support code - teach show api ring about pairwise shared-memory segments - fix ip probing of already resolved destinations (VPP-998) We'll need this work to implement proper host-stack client isolation Change-Id: Ic23b65f75c854d0393d9a2e9d6b122a9551be769 Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net> Signed-off-by: Dave Wallace <dwallacelf@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Florin Coras <fcoras@cisco.com>
2017-09-22Fix vpp "unix interactive" when running under emacs + gdbDave Barach1-3/+8
In this specific corner-case setup, ioctl (0, TIOCGWINSZ) returns window height = 0 and width = 0. Rather than declaring the terminal to be non-interactive, set the window size parameters to 80 x 24. Change-Id: If66f5f0883f1940518ec1c6e26228c9bb6f32852 Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net>
2017-09-21vppctl,cli: Improve non-interactive vppctl (VPP-944)Chris Luke1-51/+308
Short version: Make vppctl behave as expected when run from scripts, or without a controlling terminal, and especially when using it with VPP commands on its command line ("non-interactively"). In particular, prevent the welcome banner and VPP CLI prompt from being sent by VPP when being used in these ways. vppctl ------ - Improve vppctl's detection of non-interactive sessions. - Pass non-interactiveness in the terminal type telnet option as a value distinct from "dumb" (which means non-ANSI capable.) - Make tty setup handling more robust. - Only send non-interactive command once we've sent the terminal type, to ensure correct event sequence; we need the VPP cli session to be in line-by-line mode. - Ignore stdin when it looks something like /dev/null. - Skip NUL bytes received from VPP. VPP CLI ------- - Detect "non-interactive" terminal types and set session parameters accordingly. - Add an "interactive" flag that controls whether the welcome banner and CLI prompt are sent. - Detect if telnet options processing switched us into line mode and act accordingly for the rest of the current input buffer. This was causing the command string to be echoed by the CLI editor code. - For non-interactive sessions, send a NUL byte after the input buffer has been processed. This is because vppctl depends on seeing traffic before it will try to close the session; a command with no output would cause it to hang. NUL bytes are ignored by all decent terminals, but we have vppctl strip them out anyway. - Prevent certain commands from running in non-interactive sessions since they manipulate interactive-related features. - For interactive sessions, quench the prompt that prints on VPP shutdown. - Detect and handle socket errors in the CLI; sessions were leaking. - Pevent SIGPIPE from ever being raised; handle EPIPE instead. We don't need VPP to die just because a socket closed just before we try to write to it! - Add a command to dump a list of current CLI sessions; mostly this was to detect session leakage, but it may have some general utility. Change-Id: Ia147da013317180882c1d967b18eefb8519a55fb Signed-off-by: Chris Luke <chrisy@flirble.org>