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.. _scale:
Scale
-----
The only limiting factor on FIB scale is the amount of memory
allocated to each heap the FIB uses, and there are 4:
* The IP4 heap
* The IP6 heap
* The main heap
* The stats heap
IP4 Heap
--------
The IPv4 heap is used to allocate the memory needed for the
data-structures within which the IPv4 prefixes are stored. Each
table, created by the user, i.e. with;
.. code-block:: console
$ ip table add 1
or the default table, comprises 2 *ip4_fib_t* objects.
The 'non-forwarding' *ip4_fib_t* contains all the entries in the table
and, the 'forwarding' contains the entries that are matched against in
the data-plane. The difference between the two sets are the entries
that should not be matched in the data-plane.
Each *ip4_fib_t* comprises an mtrie (for fast lookup in the data-plane)
and a hash table per-prefix length (for lookup in the control plane).
To see the amount of memory consumed by the IPv4 tables use:
.. code-block:: console
vpp# sh ip fib mem
ipv4-VRF:0 mtrie:333056 hash:3523
ipv4-VRF:1 mtrie:333056 hash:3523
totals: mtrie:666112 hash:7046 all:673158
Mtrie Mheap Usage: total: 32.06M, used: 662.44K, free: 31.42M, trimmable: 31.09M
free chunks 3 free fastbin blks 0
max total allocated 32.06M
no traced allocations
this output shows two 'empty' (i.e. no added routes) tables. Each
mtrie uses about 150k of memory, so each table about 300k. the total
heap usage statistics for the IP4 heap are shown at the end.
Below the output having added 1M, 2M and 4M routes respectively:
.. code-block:: console
vpp# sh ip fib mem
ipv4-VRF:0 mtrie:335744 hash:4695
totals: mtrie:335744 hash:4695 all:340439
Mtrie Mheap Usage: total: 1.00G, used: 335.20K, free: 1023.74M, trimmable: 1023.72M
free chunks 3 free fastbin blks 0
max total allocated 1.00G
no traced allocations
.. code-block:: console
vpp# sh ip fib mem
ipv4-VRF:0 mtrie:5414720 hash:41177579
totals: mtrie:5414720 hash:41177579 all:46592299
Mtrie Mheap Usage: total: 1.00G, used: 46.87M, free: 977.19M, trimmable: 955.93M
free chunks 61 free fastbin blks 0
max total allocated 1.00G
no traced allocations
.. code-block:: console
vpp# sh ip fib mem
ipv4-VRF:0 mtrie:22452608 hash:168544508
totals: mtrie:22452608 hash:168544508 all:190997116
Mtrie Mheap Usage: total: 1.00G, used: 198.37M, free: 825.69M, trimmable: 748.24M
free chunks 219 free fastbin blks 0
max total allocated 1.00G
no traced allocations
VPP was started with a 1G IP4 heap.
IP6 Heap
--------
The IPv6 heap is used to allocate the memory needed for the
data-structure within which the IPv6 prefixes are stored. IPv6 also
has the concept of forwarding and non-forwarding entries, however for
IPv6 all the forwarding entries are stored in a single hash table
(same goes for the non-forwarding). The key to the hash table includes
the IPv6 table-id.
To see the amount of memory consumed by the IPv4 tables use:
.. code-block:: console
vpp# sh ip6 fib mem
IPv6 Non-Forwarding Hash Table:
Hash table ip6 FIB non-fwding table
7 active elements 7 active buckets
1 free lists
0 linear search buckets
arena: base 7f2fe28bf000, next 803c0
used 525248 b (0 Mbytes) of 33554432 b (32 Mbytes)
IPv6 Forwarding Hash Table:
Hash table ip6 FIB fwding table
7 active elements 7 active buckets
1 free lists
0 linear search buckets
arena: base 7f2fe48bf000, next 803c0
used 525248 b (0 Mbytes) of 33554432 b (32 Mbytes)
as we scale to 128k IPv6 entries:
.. code-block:: console
vpp# sh ip6 fib mem
IPv6 Non-Forwarding Hash Table:
Hash table ip6 FIB non-fwding table
131079 active elements 32773 active buckets
2 free lists
[len 1] 2 free elts
0 linear search buckets
arena: base 7fed7a514000, next 4805c0
used 4720064 b (4 Mbytes) of 1073741824 b (1024 Mbytes)
IPv6 Forwarding Hash Table:
Hash table ip6 FIB fwding table
131079 active elements 32773 active buckets
2 free lists
[len 1] 2 free elts
0 linear search buckets
arena: base 7fedba514000, next 4805c0
used 4720064 b (4 Mbytes) of 1073741824 b (1024 Mbytes)
and 256k:
.. code-block:: console
vpp# sh ip6 fib mem
IPv6 Non-Forwarding Hash Table:
Hash table ip6 FIB non-fwding table
262151 active elements 65536 active buckets
2 free lists
[len 1] 6 free elts
0 linear search buckets
arena: base 7fed7a514000, next 880840
used 8915008 b (8 Mbytes) of 1073741824 b (1024 Mbytes)
IPv6 Forwarding Hash Table:
Hash table ip6 FIB fwding table
262151 active elements 65536 active buckets
2 free lists
[len 1] 6 free elts
0 linear search buckets
arena: base 7fedba514000, next 880840
used 8915008 b (8 Mbytes) of 1073741824 b (1024 Mbytes)
and 1M:
.. code-block:: console
vpp# sh ip6 fib mem
IPv6 Non-Forwarding Hash Table:
Hash table ip6 FIB non-fwding table
1048583 active elements 65536 active buckets
4 free lists
[len 1] 65533 free elts
[len 2] 65531 free elts
[len 4] 9 free elts
0 linear search buckets
arena: base 7fed7a514000, next 3882740
used 59254592 b (56 Mbytes) of 1073741824 b (1024 Mbytes)
IPv6 Forwarding Hash Table:
Hash table ip6 FIB fwding table
1048583 active elements 65536 active buckets
4 free lists
[len 1] 65533 free elts
[len 2] 65531 free elts
[len 4] 9 free elts
0 linear search buckets
arena: base 7fedba514000, next 3882740
used 59254592 b (56 Mbytes) of 1073741824 b (1024 Mbytes)
as can be seen from the output the IPv6 heap in this case was scaled
to 1GB and 1million prefixes has used 56MB of it.
Main Heap
---------
The main heap is used to allocate objects that represent the FIB
entries in the control and data plane (see :ref:`controlplane` and
:ref:`dataplane`) such as *fib_entry_t* and *load_balance_t*. These come
from the main heap because they are not protocol specific
(i.e. they are used to represent either IPv4, IPv6 or MPLS
entries).
With 1M prefixes allocated the memory usage is:
.. code-block:: console
vpp# sh fib mem
FIB memory
Tables:
SAFI Number Bytes
IPv4 unicast 1 33619968
IPv6 unicast 2 118502784
MPLS 0 0
IPv4 multicast 1 1175
IPv6 multicast 1 525312
Nodes:
Name Size in-use /allocated totals
Entry 72 1048589/ 1048589 75498408/75498408
Entry Source 40 1048589/ 1048589 41943560/41943560
Entry Path-Extensions 76 0 / 0 0/0
multicast-Entry 192 6 / 6 1152/1152
Path-list 40 18 / 18 720/720
uRPF-list 16 14 / 14 224/224
Path 72 22 / 22 1584/1584
Node-list elements 20 1048602/ 1048602 20972040/20972040
Node-list heads 8 24 / 24 192/192
and with 2M
.. code-block:: console
vpp# sh fib mem
FIB memory
Tables:
SAFI Number Bytes
IPv4 unicast 1 33619968
IPv6 unicast 2 252743040
MPLS 0 0
IPv4 multicast 1 1175
IPv6 multicast 1 525312
Nodes:
Name Size in-use /allocated totals
Entry 72 2097165/ 2097165 150995880/150995880
Entry Source 40 2097165/ 2097165 83886600/83886600
Entry Path-Extensions 76 0 / 0 0/0
multicast-Entry 192 6 / 6 1152/1152
Path-list 40 18 / 19 720/760
uRPF-list 16 18 / 18 288/288
Path 72 22 / 23 1584/1656
Node-list elements 20 2097178/ 2097178 41943560/41943560
Node-list heads 8 24 / 24 192/192
However, the situation is not a simple as that. All of the 1M prefixes
added above were reachable via the same next-hop, so the path-list
(and path) they use is shared. As prefixes are added that use
different (sets of) next-hops, the number of path-lists and paths
requires will increase.
Stats Heap
----------
VPP collects statistics for each route. For each route VPP collects
byte and packet counters for packets sent to the prefix (i.e. the
route was matched in the data-plane) and packets sent via the prefix (i.e. the
matching prefix is reachable through it - like a BGP peer). This
requires 4 counters per route in the stats segment.
Below shows the size of the stats segment with 1M, 2M and 4M routes.
.. code-block:: console
total: 1023.99M, used: 127.89M, free: 896.10M, trimmable: 830.94M
total: 1023.99M, used: 234.14M, free: 789.85M, trimmable: 668.15M
total: 1023.99M, used: 456.83M, free: 567.17M, trimmable: 388.91M
VPP was started with a 1G stats heap.
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