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.. _Routing:
.. toctree::
Connecting the two Containers
_____________________________
Now for connecting these two linux containers to VPP and pinging between them.
Enter container *cone*, and check the current network configuration:
.. code-block:: console
root@cone:/# ip -o a
1: lo inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo\ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
1: lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host \ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
30: veth0 inet 10.0.3.157/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global veth0\ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
30: veth0 inet6 fe80::216:3eff:fee2:d0ba/64 scope link \ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
32: veth_link1 inet6 fe80::2c9d:83ff:fe33:37e/64 scope link \ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
You can see that there are three network interfaces, *lo, veth0*, and *veth_link1*.
Notice that *veth_link1* has no assigned IP.
Check if the interfaces are down or up:
.. code-block:: console
root@cone:/# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
30: veth0@if31: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:16:3e:e2:d0:ba brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
32: veth_link1@if33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 2e:9d:83:33:03:7e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
.. _networkNote:
.. note::
Take note of the network index for **veth_link1**. In our case, it 32, and its parent index (the host machine, not the containers) is 33, shown by **veth_link1@if33**. Yours will most likely be different, but **please take note of these index's**.
Make sure your loopback interface is up, and assign an IP and gateway to veth_link1.
.. code-block:: console
root@cone:/# ip link set dev lo up
root@cone:/# ip addr add 172.16.1.2/24 dev veth_link1
root@cone:/# ip link set dev veth_link1 up
root@cone:/# dhclient -r
root@cone:/# ip route add default via 172.16.1.1 dev veth_link1
Here, the IP is 172.16.1.2/24 and the gateway is 172.16.1.1.
Run some commands to verify the changes:
.. code-block:: console
root@cone:/# ip -o a
1: lo inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo\ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
1: lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host \ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
30: veth0 inet6 fe80::216:3eff:fee2:d0ba/64 scope link \ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
32: veth_link1 inet 172.16.1.2/24 scope global veth_link1\ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
32: veth_link1 inet6 fe80::2c9d:83ff:fe33:37e/64 scope link \ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@cone:/# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 veth_link1
172.16.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 veth_link1
We see that the IP has been assigned, as well as our default gateway.
Now exit this container and repeat this process with container *ctwo*, except with IP 172.16.2.2/24 and gateway 172.16.2.1.
After that's done for *both* containers, exit from the container if you're in one:
.. code-block:: console
root@ctwo:/# exit
exit
root@localhost:~#
In the machine running the containers, run **ip link** to see the host *veth* network interfaces, and their link with their respective *container veth's*.
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:33:82:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:d9:9f:ac brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: enp0s9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:78:84:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: lxcbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:16:3e:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
19: veth0C2FL7@if18: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master lxcbr0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether fe:0d:da:90:c1:65 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
21: veth8NA72P@if20: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether fe:1c:9e:01:9f:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
31: vethXQMY4C@if30: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master lxcbr0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether fe:9a:d9:29:40:bb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
33: vethQL7KOC@if32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether fe:ed:89:54:47:a2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
Remember our network interface index 32 in *cone* from this :ref:`note <networkNote>`? We can see at the bottom the name of the 33rd index **vethQL7KOC@if32**. Keep note of this network interface name for the veth connected to *cone* (ex. vethQL7KOC), and the other network interface name for *ctwo*.
With VPP in the host machine, show current VPP interfaces:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl show inter
Name Idx State MTU (L3/IP4/IP6/MPLS) Counter Count
local0 0 down 0/0/0/0
Which should only output local0.
Based on the names of the network interfaces discussed previously, which are specific to my systems, we can create VPP host-interfaces:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl create host-interface name vethQL7K0C
root@localhost:~# vppctl create host-interface name veth8NA72P
Verify they have been set up properly:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl show inter
Name Idx State MTU (L3/IP4/IP6/MPLS) Counter Count
host-vethQL7K0C 1 down 9000/0/0/0
host-veth8NA72P 2 down 9000/0/0/0
local0 0 down 0/0/0/0
Which should output *three network interfaces*, local0, and the other two host network interfaces linked to the container veth's.
Set their state to up:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl set interface state host-vethQL7K0C up
root@localhost:~# vppctl set interface state host-veth8NA72P up
Verify they are now up:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl show inter
Name Idx State MTU (L3/IP4/IP6/MPLS) Counter Count
host-vethQL7K0C 1 up 9000/0/0/0
host-veth8NA72P 2 up 9000/0/0/0
local0 0 down 0/0/0/0
Add IP addresses for the other end of each veth link:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl set interface ip address host-vethQL7K0C 172.16.1.1/24
root@localhost:~# vppctl set interface ip address host-veth8NA72P 172.16.2.1/24
Verify the addresses are set properly by looking at the L3 table:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl show inter addr
host-vethQL7K0C (up):
L3 172.16.1.1/24
host-veth8NA72P (up):
L3 172.16.2.1/24
local0 (dn):
Or looking at the FIB by doing:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl show ip fib
ipv4-VRF:0, fib_index:0, flow hash:[src dst sport dport proto ] locks:[src:plugin-hi:2, src:default-route:1, ]
0.0.0.0/0
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:1 buckets:1 uRPF:0 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
0.0.0.0/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:2 buckets:1 uRPF:1 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
172.16.1.0/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:10 buckets:1 uRPF:9 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
172.16.1.0/24
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:9 buckets:1 uRPF:8 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@4]: ipv4-glean: host-vethQL7K0C: mtu:9000 ffffffffffff02fec953f98c0806
172.16.1.1/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:12 buckets:1 uRPF:13 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@2]: dpo-receive: 172.16.1.1 on host-vethQL7K0C
172.16.1.255/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:11 buckets:1 uRPF:11 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
172.16.2.0/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:14 buckets:1 uRPF:15 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
172.16.2.0/24
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:13 buckets:1 uRPF:14 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@4]: ipv4-glean: host-veth8NA72P: mtu:9000 ffffffffffff02fe305400e80806
172.16.2.1/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:16 buckets:1 uRPF:19 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@2]: dpo-receive: 172.16.2.1 on host-veth8NA72P
172.16.2.255/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:15 buckets:1 uRPF:17 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
224.0.0.0/4
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:4 buckets:1 uRPF:3 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
240.0.0.0/4
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:3 buckets:1 uRPF:2 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
255.255.255.255/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:5 buckets:1 uRPF:4 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
At long last you probably want to see some pings:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# lxc-attach -n cone -- ping -c3 172.16.2.2
PING 172.16.2.2 (172.16.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.102 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.189 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.150 ms
--- 172.16.2.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.102/0.147/0.189/0.035 ms
root@localhost:~# lxc-attach -n ctwo -- ping -c3 172.16.1.2
PING 172.16.1.2 (172.16.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.111 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.089 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.096 ms
--- 172.16.1.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.089/0.098/0.111/0.014 ms
Which should send/receive three packets for each command.
This is the end of this guide. Great work!
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