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+---
+title: "Tunnel Encapsulations"
+weight: 3
+---
+
+# Tunnel Encapsulations
+
+Tunnel encapsulations testing is grouped based on the type of outer
+header: IPv4 or IPv6.
+
+## IPv4 Tunnels
+
+VPP is tested in the following IPv4 tunnel baseline configurations:
+
+- *ip4vxlan-l2bdbase*: VXLAN over IPv4 tunnels with L2 bridge-domain MAC
+  switching.
+- *ip4vxlan-l2xcbase*: VXLAN over IPv4 tunnels with L2 cross-connect.
+- *ip4lispip4-ip4base*: LISP over IPv4 tunnels with IPv4 routing.
+- *ip4lispip6-ip6base*: LISP over IPv4 tunnels with IPv6 routing.
+- *ip4gtpusw-ip4base*: GTPU over IPv4 tunnels with IPv4 routing.
+
+In all cases listed above low number of MAC, IPv4, IPv6 flows (253 or 254 per
+direction) is switched or routed by VPP.
+
+In addition selected IPv4 tunnels are tested at scale:
+
+- *dot1q--ip4vxlanscale-l2bd*: VXLAN over IPv4 tunnels with L2 bridge-
+  domain MAC switching, with scaled up dot1q VLANs (10, 100, 1k),
+  mapped to scaled up L2 bridge-domains (10, 100, 1k), that are in turn
+  mapped to (10, 100, 1k) VXLAN tunnels. 64.5k flows are transmitted per
+  direction.
+
+## IPv6 Tunnels
+
+VPP is tested in the following IPv6 tunnel baseline configurations:
+
+- *ip6lispip4-ip4base*: LISP over IPv4 tunnels with IPv4 routing.
+- *ip6lispip6-ip6base*: LISP over IPv4 tunnels with IPv6 routing.
+
+In all cases listed above low number of IPv4, IPv6 flows (253 or 254 per
+direction) is routed by VPP.
+
+## GENEVE
+
+### GENEVE Prefix Bindings
+
+GENEVE prefix bindings should be representative to target applications, where
+a packet flows of particular set of IPv4 addresses (L3 underlay network) is
+routed via dedicated GENEVE interface by building an L2 overlay.
+
+Private address ranges to be used in tests:
+
+- East hosts ip address range: 10.0.1.0 - 10.127.255.255 (10.0/9 prefix)
+  - Total of 2^23 - 256 (8 388 352) of usable IPv4 addresses
+  - Usable in tests for up to 32 767 GENEVE tunnels (IPv4 underlay networks)
+- West hosts ip address range: 10.128.1.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10.128/9 prefix)
+  - Total of 2^23 - 256 (8 388 352) of usable IPv4 addresses
+  - Usable in tests for up to 32 767 GENEVE tunnels (IPv4 underlay networks)
+
+### GENEVE Tunnel Scale
+
+If N is a number of GENEVE tunnels (and IPv4 underlay networks) then TG sends
+256 packet flows in every of N different sets:
+
+- i = 1,2,3, ... N - GENEVE tunnel index
+- East-West direction: GENEVE encapsulated packets
+  - Outer IP header:
+    - src ip: 1.1.1.1
+    - dst ip: 1.1.1.2
+  - GENEVE header:
+    - vni: i
+  - Inner IP header:
+    - src_ip_range(i) = 10.(0 + rounddown(i/255)).(modulo(i/255)).(0-to-255)
+    - dst_ip_range(i) = 10.(128 + rounddown(i/255)).(modulo(i/255)).(0-to-255)
+- West-East direction: non-encapsulated packets
+  - IP header:
+    - src_ip_range(i) = 10.(128 + rounddown(i/255)).(modulo(i/255)).(0-to-255)
+    - dst_ip_range(i) = 10.(0 + rounddown(i/255)).(modulo(i/255)).(0-to-255)
+
+ **geneve-tunnels** | **total-flows**
+-------------------:|----------------:
+ 1                  | 256
+ 4                  | 1 024
+ 16                 | 4 096
+ 64                 | 16 384
+ 256                | 65 536
+ 1 024              | 262 144