VPP-1027: DNS name resolver

This patch is a plausible first-cut, suitable for initial testing by
vcl (host stack client library).

Main features;
- recursive name resolution
- multiple ip4/ip6 name servers
- cache size limit enforcement
  - currently limited to 65K
- ttl / aging
- static mapping support
- show / clear / debug CLI commands

Binary APIs provided for the following:
- add/delete name servers
- enable/disable the name cache
- resolve a name

To Do list:
- Respond to ip4/ip6 client DNS requests (vs. binary API requests)
- Perf / scale tuning
  - map pending transaction ids to pool indices, so the cache
    can (greatly) exceed 65K entries
- Security improvements
  - Use unpredictable dns transaction IDs, related to previous item
  - Make sure that response-packet src ip addresses match the server
- Add binary APIs
  - deliver raw response data to clients
  - control recursive name resolution
- Documentation

Change-Id: I48c373d5c05d7108ccd814d4055caf8c75ca10b7
Signed-off-by: Dave Barach <dave@barachs.net>

1 files changed, 2114 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/vnet/dns/dns.c b/src/vnet/dns/dns.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..90079e17e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vnet/dns/dns.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2114 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates.
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <vnet/dns/dns.h>
+
+#include <vnet/vnet.h>
+#include <vnet/fib/fib.h>
+#include <vlibmemory/api.h>
+
+#include <vnet/udp/udp.h>
+
+#include <vnet/vnet_msg_enum.h>
+
+#define vl_typedefs		/* define message structures */
+#include <vnet/vnet_all_api_h.h>
+#undef vl_typedefs
+
+#define vl_endianfun		/* define message structures */
+#include <vnet/vnet_all_api_h.h>
+#undef vl_endianfun
+
+/* instantiate all the print functions we know about */
+#define vl_print(handle, ...) vlib_cli_output (handle, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define vl_printfun
+#include <vnet/vnet_all_api_h.h>
+#undef vl_printfun
+
+#include <vlibapi/api_helper_macros.h>
+
+dns_main_t dns_main;
+
+static int
+dns_cache_clear (dns_main_t * dm)
+{
+  dns_cache_entry_t *ep;
+
+  if (dm->is_enabled == 0)
+    return VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_RESOLUTION_NOT_ENABLED;
+
+  dns_cache_lock (dm);
+
+  /* *INDENT-OFF* */
+  pool_foreach (ep, dm->entries,
+  ({
+    vec_free (ep->name);
+    vec_free (ep->api_clients_to_notify);
+    vec_free (ep->api_client_contexts);
+    vec_free (ep->ip4_peers_to_notify);
+    vec_free (ep->ip6_peers_to_notify);
+  }));
+  /* *INDENT-ON* */
+
+  pool_free (dm->entries);
+  hash_free (dm->cache_entry_by_name);
+  dm->cache_entry_by_name = hash_create_string (0, sizeof (uword));
+  vec_free (dm->unresolved_entries);
+  dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+dns_enable_disable (dns_main_t * dm, int is_enable)
+{
+  vlib_thread_main_t *tm = &vlib_thread_main;
+  u32 n_vlib_mains = tm->n_vlib_mains;
+
+  if (is_enable)
+    {
+      if (vec_len (dm->ip4_name_servers) == 0
+	  && (vec_len (dm->ip6_name_servers) == 0))
+	return VNET_API_ERROR_NO_NAME_SERVERS;
+
+      if (dm->cache_entry_by_name == 0)
+	{
+	  if (n_vlib_mains > 1)
+	    dm->cache_lock = clib_mem_alloc_aligned (CLIB_CACHE_LINE_BYTES,
+						     CLIB_CACHE_LINE_BYTES);
+
+	  dm->cache_entry_by_name = hash_create_string (0, sizeof (uword));
+	}
+
+      dm->is_enabled = 1;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      dns_cache_clear (dm);
+      dm->is_enabled = 0;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void vl_api_dns_enable_disable_t_handler
+  (vl_api_dns_enable_disable_t * mp)
+{
+  vl_api_dns_enable_disable_reply_t *rmp;
+  dns_main_t *dm = &dns_main;
+  int rv;
+
+  rv = dns_enable_disable (dm, mp->enable);
+
+  REPLY_MACRO (VL_API_DNS_ENABLE_DISABLE_REPLY);
+}
+
+static int
+dns6_name_server_add_del (dns_main_t * dm,
+			  u8 * server_address_as_u8, int is_add)
+{
+  int i;
+  ip6_address_t *ap;
+
+  if (is_add)
+    {
+      /* Already there? done... */
+      for (i = 0; i < vec_len (dm->ip6_name_servers); i++)
+	{
+	  if (!memcmp (dm->ip6_name_servers + i, server_address_as_u8,
+		       sizeof (ip6_address_t)))
+	    return 0;
+	}
+
+      vec_add2 (dm->ip6_name_servers, ap, 1);
+      clib_memcpy (ap, server_address_as_u8, sizeof (*ap));
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      for (i = 0; i < vec_len (dm->ip6_name_servers); i++)
+	{
+	  if (!memcmp (dm->ip6_name_servers + i, server_address_as_u8,
+		       sizeof (ip6_address_t)))
+	    {
+	      vec_delete (dm->ip6_name_servers, 1, i);
+	      return 0;
+	    }
+	}
+      return VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_SERVER_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+dns4_name_server_add_del (dns_main_t * dm,
+			  u8 * server_address_as_u8, int is_add)
+{
+  int i;
+  ip4_address_t *ap;
+
+  if (is_add)
+    {
+      /* Already there? done... */
+      for (i = 0; i < vec_len (dm->ip4_name_servers); i++)
+	{
+	  if (!memcmp (dm->ip4_name_servers + i, server_address_as_u8,
+		       sizeof (ip4_address_t)))
+	    return 0;
+	}
+
+      vec_add2 (dm->ip4_name_servers, ap, 1);
+      clib_memcpy (ap, server_address_as_u8, sizeof (*ap));
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      for (i = 0; i < vec_len (dm->ip4_name_servers); i++)
+	{
+	  if (!memcmp (dm->ip4_name_servers + i, server_address_as_u8,
+		       sizeof (ip4_address_t)))
+	    {
+	      vec_delete (dm->ip4_name_servers, 1, i);
+	      return 0;
+	    }
+	}
+      return VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_SERVER_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void vl_api_dns_name_server_add_del_t_handler
+  (vl_api_dns_name_server_add_del_t * mp)
+{
+  dns_main_t *dm = &dns_main;
+  vl_api_dns_name_server_add_del_reply_t *rmp;
+  int rv;
+
+  if (mp->is_ip6)
+    rv = dns6_name_server_add_del (dm, mp->server_address, mp->is_add);
+  else
+    rv = dns4_name_server_add_del (dm, mp->server_address, mp->is_add);
+
+  REPLY_MACRO (VL_API_DNS_NAME_SERVER_ADD_DEL_REPLY);
+}
+
+static void
+send_dns4_request (dns_main_t * dm,
+		   dns_cache_entry_t * ep, ip4_address_t * server)
+{
+  vlib_main_t *vm = dm->vlib_main;
+  f64 now = vlib_time_now (vm);
+  u32 bi;
+  vlib_buffer_t *b;
+  ip4_header_t *ip;
+  fib_prefix_t prefix;
+  fib_node_index_t fei;
+  u32 sw_if_index, fib_index;
+  udp_header_t *udp;
+  ip4_main_t *im4 = &ip4_main;
+  ip_lookup_main_t *lm4 = &im4->lookup_main;
+  ip_interface_address_t *ia = 0;
+  ip4_address_t *src_address;
+  u8 *dns_request;
+  vlib_frame_t *f;
+  u32 *to_next;
+
+  ASSERT (ep->dns_request);
+
+  /* Find a FIB path to the server */
+  clib_memcpy (&prefix.fp_addr.ip4, server, sizeof (*server));
+  prefix.fp_proto = FIB_PROTOCOL_IP4;
+  prefix.fp_len = 32;
+
+  fib_index = fib_table_find (prefix.fp_proto, 0 /* default VRF for now */ );
+  if (fib_index == (u32) ~ 0)
+    {
+      clib_warning ("no fib table");
+      return;
+    }
+
+  fei = fib_table_lookup (fib_index, &prefix);
+
+  /* Couldn't find route to destination. Bail out. */
+  if (fei == FIB_NODE_INDEX_INVALID)
+    {
+      clib_warning ("no route to DNS server");
+      return;
+    }
+
+  sw_if_index = fib_entry_get_resolving_interface (fei);
+
+  if (sw_if_index == ~0)
+    {
+      clib_warning
+	("route to %U exists, fei %d, get_resolving_interface returned"
+	 " ~0", fei, format_ip4_address, &prefix.fp_addr);
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* *INDENT-OFF* */
+  foreach_ip_interface_address(lm4, ia, sw_if_index, 1 /* honor unnummbered */,
+  ({
+    src_address = ip_interface_address_get_address (lm4, ia);
+    goto found_src_address;
+  }));
+  /* *INDENT-ON* */
+
+  clib_warning ("FIB BUG");
+  return;
+
+found_src_address:
+
+  /* Go get a buffer */
+  if (vlib_buffer_alloc (dm->vlib_main, &bi, 1) != 1)
+    return;
+
+  b = vlib_get_buffer (vm, bi);
+  b->current_length = sizeof (ip4_header_t) + sizeof (udp_header_t) +
+    vec_len (ep->dns_request);
+  b->total_length_not_including_first_buffer = 0;
+  b->flags =
+    VLIB_BUFFER_TOTAL_LENGTH_VALID | VNET_BUFFER_F_LOCALLY_ORIGINATED;
+  vnet_buffer (b)->sw_if_index[VLIB_RX] = 0;	/* "local0" */
+  vnet_buffer (b)->sw_if_index[VLIB_TX] = 0;	/* default VRF for now */
+
+  ip = vlib_buffer_get_current (b);
+  memset (ip, 0, sizeof (*ip));
+  udp = (udp_header_t *) (ip + 1);
+  memset (udp, 0, sizeof (*udp));
+
+  dns_request = (u8 *) (udp + 1);
+
+  /* IP header */
+  ip->ip_version_and_header_length = 0x45;
+  ip->length = clib_host_to_net_u16 (vlib_buffer_length_in_chain (vm, b));
+  ip->ttl = 255;
+  ip->protocol = IP_PROTOCOL_UDP;
+  ip->src_address.as_u32 = src_address->as_u32;
+  ip->dst_address.as_u32 = server->as_u32;
+  ip->checksum = ip4_header_checksum (ip);
+
+  /* UDP header */
+  udp->src_port = clib_host_to_net_u16 (UDP_DST_PORT_dns_reply);
+  udp->dst_port = clib_host_to_net_u16 (UDP_DST_PORT_dns);
+  udp->length = clib_host_to_net_u16 (sizeof (udp_header_t) +
+				      vec_len (ep->dns_request));
+  udp->checksum = 0;
+
+  /* The actual DNS request */
+  clib_memcpy (dns_request, ep->dns_request, vec_len (ep->dns_request));
+
+  /* Ship it to ip4_lookup */
+  f = vlib_get_frame_to_node (vm, ip4_lookup_node.index);
+  to_next = vlib_frame_vector_args (f);
+  to_next[0] = bi;
+  f->n_vectors = 1;
+  vlib_put_frame_to_node (vm, ip4_lookup_node.index, f);
+
+  ep->retry_timer = now + 2.0;
+}
+
+static void
+send_dns6_request (dns_main_t * dm,
+		   dns_cache_entry_t * ep, ip6_address_t * server)
+{
+  vlib_main_t *vm = dm->vlib_main;
+  f64 now = vlib_time_now (vm);
+  u32 bi;
+  vlib_buffer_t *b;
+  ip6_header_t *ip;
+  fib_prefix_t prefix;
+  fib_node_index_t fei;
+  u32 sw_if_index, fib_index;
+  udp_header_t *udp;
+  ip6_main_t *im6 = &ip6_main;
+  ip_lookup_main_t *lm6 = &im6->lookup_main;
+  ip_interface_address_t *ia = 0;
+  ip6_address_t *src_address;
+  u8 *dns_request;
+  vlib_frame_t *f;
+  u32 *to_next;
+  int junk __attribute__ ((unused));
+
+  ASSERT (ep->dns_request);
+
+  /* Find a FIB path to the server */
+  clib_memcpy (&prefix.fp_addr, server, sizeof (*server));
+  prefix.fp_proto = FIB_PROTOCOL_IP6;
+  prefix.fp_len = 32;
+
+  fib_index = fib_table_find (prefix.fp_proto, 0 /* default VRF for now */ );
+  if (fib_index == (u32) ~ 0)
+    {
+      clib_warning ("no fib table");
+      return;
+    }
+
+  fei = fib_table_lookup (fib_index, &prefix);
+
+  /* Couldn't find route to destination. Bail out. */
+  if (fei == FIB_NODE_INDEX_INVALID)
+    {
+      clib_warning ("no route to DNS server");
+    }
+
+  sw_if_index = fib_entry_get_resolving_interface (fei);
+
+  /* *INDENT-OFF* */
+  foreach_ip_interface_address(lm6, ia, sw_if_index, 1 /* honor unnummbered */,
+  ({
+    src_address = ip_interface_address_get_address (lm6, ia);
+    goto found_src_address;
+  }));
+  /* *INDENT-ON* */
+
+  clib_warning ("FIB BUG");
+  return;
+
+found_src_address:
+
+  /* Go get a buffer */
+  if (vlib_buffer_alloc (dm->vlib_main, &bi, 1) != 1)
+    return;
+
+  b = vlib_get_buffer (vm, bi);
+  b->current_length = sizeof (ip6_header_t) + sizeof (udp_header_t) +
+    vec_len (ep->dns_request);
+  b->total_length_not_including_first_buffer = 0;
+  b->flags =
+    VLIB_BUFFER_TOTAL_LENGTH_VALID | VNET_BUFFER_F_LOCALLY_ORIGINATED;
+
+  ip = vlib_buffer_get_current (b);
+  memset (ip, 0, sizeof (*ip));
+  udp = (udp_header_t *) (ip + 1);
+  memset (udp, 0, sizeof (*udp));
+
+  dns_request = (u8 *) (udp + 1);
+
+  /* IP header */
+  ip->ip_version_traffic_class_and_flow_label =
+    clib_host_to_net_u32 (0x6 << 28);
+
+  ip->payload_length =
+    clib_host_to_net_u16 (vlib_buffer_length_in_chain (vm, b)
+			  - sizeof (ip6_header_t));
+  ip->hop_limit = 255;
+  ip->protocol = IP_PROTOCOL_UDP;
+  clib_memcpy (&ip->src_address, src_address, sizeof (ip6_address_t));
+  clib_memcpy (&ip->dst_address, server, sizeof (ip6_address_t));
+
+  /* UDP header */
+  udp->src_port = clib_host_to_net_u16 (UDP_DST_PORT_dns_reply);
+  udp->dst_port = clib_host_to_net_u16 (UDP_DST_PORT_dns);
+  udp->length = clib_host_to_net_u16 (sizeof (udp_header_t) +
+				      vec_len (ep->dns_request));
+  udp->checksum = 0;
+  udp->checksum = ip6_tcp_udp_icmp_compute_checksum (vm, b, ip, &junk);
+
+  /* The actual DNS request */
+  clib_memcpy (dns_request, ep->dns_request, vec_len (ep->dns_request));
+
+  /* Ship it to ip6_lookup */
+  f = vlib_get_frame_to_node (vm, ip6_lookup_node.index);
+  to_next = vlib_frame_vector_args (f);
+  to_next[0] = bi;
+  f->n_vectors = 1;
+
+  ep->retry_timer = now + 2.0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Translate "foo.com" into "0x3 f o o 0x3 c o m 0x0"
+ * A historical / hysterical micro-TLV scheme. DGMS.
+ */
+u8 *
+name_to_labels (u8 * name)
+{
+  int i;
+  int last_label_index;
+  u8 *rv;
+
+  rv = vec_dup (name);
+
+  /* punch in space for the first length */
+  vec_insert (rv, 1, 0);
+  last_label_index = 0;
+  i = 1;
+
+  while (i < vec_len (rv))
+    {
+      if (rv[i] == '.')
+	{
+	  rv[last_label_index] = (i - last_label_index) - 1;
+	  if ((i - last_label_index) > 63)
+	    clib_warning ("stupid name, label length %d",
+			  i - last_label_index);
+	  last_label_index = i;
+	  rv[i] = 0;
+	}
+      i++;
+    }
+  /* Set the last real label length */
+  rv[last_label_index] = (i - last_label_index) - 1;
+
+  /*
+   * Add a [sic] NULL root label. Otherwise, the name parser can't figure out
+   * where to stop.
+   */
+  vec_add1 (rv, 0);
+  return rv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * arc-function for the above.
+ * Translate "0x3 f o o 0x3 c o m 0x0" into "foo.com"
+ * Produces a non-NULL-terminated u8 *vector. %v format is your friend.
+ */
+u8 *
+labels_to_name (u8 * label, u8 * full_text, u8 ** parse_from_here)
+{
+  u8 *reply = 0;
+  u16 offset;
+  u8 len;
+  int i;
+
+  *parse_from_here = 0;
+
+  /* chase initial pointer? */
+  if ((label[0] & 0xC0) == 0xC0)
+    {
+      *parse_from_here = label + 2;
+      offset = ((label[0] & 0x3f) << 8) + label[1];
+      label = full_text + offset;
+    }
+
+  len = *label++;
+
+  while (len)
+    {
+      for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+	vec_add1 (reply, *label++);
+
+      /* chase pointer? */
+      if ((label[0] & 0xC0) == 0xC0)
+	{
+	  *parse_from_here = label + 2;
+	  offset = ((label[0] & 0x3f) << 8) + label[1];
+	  label = full_text + offset;
+	}
+
+      len = *label++;
+      if (len)
+	vec_add1 (reply, '.');
+    }
+  if (*parse_from_here == 0)
+    *parse_from_here = label;
+  return reply;
+}
+
+void
+vnet_send_dns_request (dns_main_t * dm, dns_cache_entry_t * ep)
+{
+  dns_header_t *h;
+  dns_query_t *qp;
+  u16 tmp;
+  u8 *request;
+  u32 qp_offset;
+
+  /* Construct the dns request, if we haven't been here already */
+  if (vec_len (ep->dns_request) == 0)
+    {
+      /*
+       * Start with the variadic portion of the exercise.
+       * Turn the name into a set of DNS "labels". Max length
+       * per label is 63, enforce that.
+       */
+      request = name_to_labels (ep->name);
+      qp_offset = vec_len (request);
+
+      /* Add space for the query header */
+      vec_validate (request, qp_offset + sizeof (dns_query_t) - 1);
+
+      qp = (dns_query_t *) (request + qp_offset);
+
+      qp->type = clib_host_to_net_u16 (DNS_TYPE_ALL);
+      qp->class = clib_host_to_net_u16 (DNS_CLASS_IN);
+
+      /* Punch in space for the dns_header_t */
+      vec_insert (request, sizeof (dns_header_t), 0);
+
+      h = (dns_header_t *) request;
+
+      /* Transaction ID = pool index */
+      h->id = clib_host_to_net_u16 (ep - dm->entries);
+
+      /* Ask for a recursive lookup */
+      tmp = DNS_RD | DNS_OPCODE_QUERY;
+      h->flags = clib_host_to_net_u16 (tmp);
+      h->qdcount = clib_host_to_net_u16 (1);
+      h->nscount = 0;
+      h->arcount = 0;
+
+      ep->dns_request = request;
+    }
+
+  /* Work out which server / address family we're going to use */
+
+  /* Retry using current server */
+  if (ep->retry_count++ < DNS_RETRIES_PER_SERVER)
+    {
+      if (ep->server_af == 1 /* ip6 */ )
+	{
+	  if (vec_len (dm->ip6_name_servers))
+	    {
+	      send_dns6_request (dm, ep,
+				 dm->ip6_name_servers + ep->server_rotor);
+	      goto out;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    ep->server_af = 0;
+	}
+      if (vec_len (dm->ip4_name_servers))
+	{
+	  send_dns4_request (dm, ep, dm->ip4_name_servers + ep->server_rotor);
+	  goto out;
+	}
+    }
+  else				/* switch to a new server */
+    {
+      ep->retry_count = 1;
+      ep->server_rotor++;
+      if (ep->server_af == 1 /* ip6 */ )
+	{
+	  if (ep->server_rotor >= vec_len (dm->ip6_name_servers))
+	    {
+	      ep->server_rotor = 0;
+	      ep->server_af = vec_len (dm->ip4_name_servers) > 0 ? 0 : 1;
+	    }
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  if (ep->server_rotor >= vec_len (dm->ip4_name_servers))
+	    {
+	      ep->server_rotor = 0;
+	      ep->server_af = vec_len (dm->ip6_name_servers) > 0 ? 1 : 0;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (ep->server_af == 1 /* ip6 */ )
+    send_dns6_request (dm, ep, dm->ip6_name_servers + ep->server_rotor);
+  else
+    send_dns4_request (dm, ep, dm->ip4_name_servers + ep->server_rotor);
+
+out:
+
+  vlib_process_signal_event_mt (dm->vlib_main, dns_resolver_node.index,
+				DNS_RESOLVER_EVENT_PENDING, 0);
+}
+
+int
+vnet_dns_delete_entry_by_index_nolock (dns_main_t * dm, u32 index)
+{
+  dns_cache_entry_t *ep;
+  int i;
+
+  if (dm->is_enabled == 0)
+    return VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_RESOLUTION_NOT_ENABLED;
+
+  if (pool_is_free_index (dm->entries, index))
+    return VNET_API_ERROR_NO_SUCH_ENTRY;
+
+  ep = pool_elt_at_index (dm->entries, index);
+
+  if (!(ep->flags & DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_VALID))
+    {
+      for (i = 0; i < vec_len (dm->unresolved_entries); i++)
+	if (index == dm->unresolved_entries[i])
+	  {
+	    vec_delete (dm->unresolved_entries, 1, i);
+	    goto found;
+	  }
+      clib_warning ("pool elt %d supposedly pending, but not found...",
+		    index);
+    }
+
+found:
+  hash_unset_mem (dm->cache_entry_by_name, ep->name);
+  vec_free (ep->name);
+  vec_free (ep->api_clients_to_notify);
+  vec_free (ep->api_client_contexts);
+  vec_free (ep->ip4_peers_to_notify);
+  vec_free (ep->ip6_peers_to_notify);
+  pool_put (dm->entries, ep);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+dns_delete_by_name (dns_main_t * dm, u8 * name)
+{
+  int rv;
+  uword *p;
+
+  if (dm->is_enabled == 0)
+    return VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_RESOLUTION_NOT_ENABLED;
+
+  dns_cache_lock (dm);
+  p = hash_get_mem (dm->cache_entry_by_name, name);
+  if (!p)
+    {
+      dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+      return VNET_API_ERROR_NO_SUCH_ENTRY;
+    }
+  rv = vnet_dns_delete_entry_by_index_nolock (dm, p[0]);
+
+  dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+static int
+delete_random_entry (dns_main_t * dm)
+{
+  int rv;
+  u32 victim_index, start_index, i;
+  u32 limit;
+  dns_cache_entry_t *ep;
+
+  if (dm->is_enabled == 0)
+    return VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_RESOLUTION_NOT_ENABLED;
+
+  dns_cache_lock (dm);
+  limit = pool_elts (dm->entries);
+  start_index = random_u32 (&dm->random_seed) % limit;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < limit; i++)
+    {
+      victim_index = (start_index + i) % limit;
+
+      if (!pool_is_free_index (dm->entries, victim_index))
+	{
+	  ep = pool_elt_at_index (dm->entries, victim_index);
+	  /* Delete only valid, non-static entries */
+	  if ((ep->flags & DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_VALID)
+	      && ((ep->flags & DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_STATIC) == 0))
+	    {
+	      rv = vnet_dns_delete_entry_by_index_nolock (dm, victim_index);
+	      dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+	      return rv;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+  dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+
+  clib_warning ("Couldn't find an entry to delete?");
+  return VNET_API_ERROR_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+
+static int
+dns_add_static_entry (dns_main_t * dm, u8 * name, u8 * dns_reply_data)
+{
+  dns_cache_entry_t *ep;
+  uword *p;
+  int rv;
+
+  if (dm->is_enabled == 0)
+    return VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_RESOLUTION_NOT_ENABLED;
+
+  dns_cache_lock (dm);
+  p = hash_get_mem (dm->cache_entry_by_name, name);
+  if (p)
+    {
+      dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+      return VNET_API_ERROR_ENTRY_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+    }
+
+  if (pool_elts (dm->entries) == dm->name_cache_size)
+    {
+      /* Will only fail if the cache is totally filled w/ static entries... */
+      rv = delete_random_entry (dm);
+      if (rv)
+	{
+	  dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+	  return rv;
+	}
+    }
+
+  pool_get (dm->entries, ep);
+  memset (ep, 0, sizeof (*ep));
+
+  /* Note: consumes the name vector */
+  ep->name = name;
+  hash_set_mem (dm->cache_entry_by_name, ep->name, ep - dm->entries);
+  ep->flags = DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_VALID | DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_STATIC;
+  ep->dns_response = dns_reply_data;
+
+  dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+dns_resolve_name (dns_main_t * dm,
+		  u8 * name, u32 client_index, u32 client_context,
+		  dns_cache_entry_t ** retp)
+{
+  dns_cache_entry_t *ep;
+  int rv;
+  f64 now;
+  uword *p;
+
+  now = vlib_time_now (dm->vlib_main);
+
+  /* In case we can't actually answer the question right now... */
+  *retp = 0;
+
+  dns_cache_lock (dm);
+  p = hash_get_mem (dm->cache_entry_by_name, name);
+  if (p)
+    {
+      ep = pool_elt_at_index (dm->entries, p[0]);
+      if (ep->flags & DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_VALID)
+	{
+	  /* Has the entry expired? */
+	  if (((ep->flags & DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_STATIC) == 0)
+	      && (now > ep->expiration_time))
+	    {
+	      clib_warning ("Re-resolve %s", name);
+	      /* Yes, kill it... */
+	      vnet_dns_delete_entry_by_index_nolock (dm, p[0]);
+	      goto re_resolve;
+	    }
+
+	  /* Note: caller must drop the lock! */
+	  *retp = ep;
+	  return (0);
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (pool_elts (dm->entries) == dm->name_cache_size)
+    {
+      /* Will only fail if the cache is totally filled w/ static entries... */
+      rv = delete_random_entry (dm);
+      if (rv)
+	{
+	  dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+	  return rv;
+	}
+    }
+
+re_resolve:
+  /* add new hash table entry */
+  pool_get (dm->entries, ep);
+  memset (ep, 0, sizeof (*ep));
+
+  ep->name = format (0, "%s%c", name, 0);
+  _vec_len (ep->name) = vec_len (ep->name) - 1;
+
+  hash_set_mem (dm->cache_entry_by_name, ep->name, ep - dm->entries);
+
+  vec_add1 (dm->unresolved_entries, ep - dm->entries);
+  vec_add1 (ep->api_clients_to_notify, client_index);
+  vec_add1 (ep->api_client_contexts, client_context);
+  vnet_send_dns_request (dm, ep);
+  dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Handle cname indirection. JFC. Called with the cache locked.
+ * returns 0 if the reply is not a CNAME.
+ */
+
+int
+vnet_dns_cname_indirection_nolock (dns_main_t * dm, dns_cache_entry_t * ep,
+				   u8 * reply)
+{
+  dns_header_t *h;
+  dns_query_t *qp;
+  dns_rr_t *rr;
+  u8 *curpos;
+  u8 *pos, *pos2;
+  int len, i;
+  u8 *cname = 0;
+  u8 *request = 0;
+  u32 qp_offset;
+  u16 flags;
+  u16 rcode;
+
+  h = (dns_header_t *) reply;
+  flags = clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->flags);
+  rcode = flags & DNS_RCODE_MASK;
+
+  /* See if the response is OK */
+  switch (rcode)
+    {
+    case DNS_RCODE_NO_ERROR:
+      break;
+
+    case DNS_RCODE_NAME_ERROR:
+    case DNS_RCODE_FORMAT_ERROR:
+    case DNS_RCODE_SERVER_FAILURE:
+    case DNS_RCODE_NOT_IMPLEMENTED:
+    case DNS_RCODE_REFUSED:
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  curpos = (u8 *) (h + 1);
+  pos = curpos;
+  len = *pos++;
+
+  /* Skip the questions */
+  for (i = 0; i < clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->qdcount); i++)
+    {
+      while (len)
+	{
+	  pos += len;
+	  len = *pos++;
+	}
+      qp = (dns_query_t *) pos;
+      pos += sizeof (*qp);
+    }
+  pos2 = pos;
+  /* expect a pointer chase here for a CNAME record */
+  if ((pos2[0] & 0xC0) == 0xC0)
+    pos += 2;
+  else
+    return 0;
+
+  rr = (dns_rr_t *) pos;
+
+  /* This is a real record, not a CNAME record */
+  if (clib_net_to_host_u16 (rr->type) != DNS_TYPE_CNAME)
+    return 0;
+
+  /* Crap. Chase the CNAME name chain. */
+
+  cname = labels_to_name (rr->rdata, reply, &pos2);
+  request = name_to_labels (cname);
+  vec_free (cname);
+
+  qp_offset = vec_len (request);
+
+  /* Add space for the query header */
+  vec_validate (request, qp_offset + sizeof (dns_query_t) - 1);
+
+  qp = (dns_query_t *) (request + qp_offset);
+
+  qp->type = clib_host_to_net_u16 (DNS_TYPE_ALL);
+  qp->class = clib_host_to_net_u16 (DNS_CLASS_IN);
+
+  /* Punch in space for the dns_header_t */
+  vec_insert (request, sizeof (dns_header_t), 0);
+
+  h = (dns_header_t *) request;
+
+  /* Transaction ID = pool index */
+  h->id = clib_host_to_net_u16 (ep - dm->entries);
+
+  /* Ask for a recursive lookup */
+  h->flags = clib_host_to_net_u16 (DNS_RD | DNS_OPCODE_QUERY);
+  h->qdcount = clib_host_to_net_u16 (1);
+  h->nscount = 0;
+  h->arcount = 0;
+
+  vec_free (ep->dns_request);
+  ep->dns_request = request;
+  ep->retry_timer = vlib_time_now (dm->vlib_main) + 2.0;
+  ep->retry_count = 0;
+
+  /*
+   * Enable this to watch recursive resolution happen...
+   * fformat (stdout, "%U", format_dns_reply, request, 2);
+   */
+
+  if (ep->server_af == 1 /* ip6 */ )
+    send_dns6_request (dm, ep, dm->ip6_name_servers + ep->server_rotor);
+  else
+    send_dns4_request (dm, ep, dm->ip4_name_servers + ep->server_rotor);
+
+  vec_free (reply);
+  return (1);
+}
+
+int
+vnet_dns_response_to_reply (u8 * response,
+			    vl_api_dns_resolve_name_reply_t * rmp,
+			    u32 * min_ttlp)
+{
+  dns_header_t *h;
+  dns_query_t *qp;
+  dns_rr_t *rr;
+  int i, limit;
+  u8 len;
+  u8 *curpos, *pos;
+  u16 flags;
+  u16 rcode;
+  u32 ttl;
+
+  h = (dns_header_t *) response;
+  flags = clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->flags);
+  rcode = flags & DNS_RCODE_MASK;
+
+  /* See if the response is OK, etc. */
+  switch (rcode)
+    {
+    default:
+    case DNS_RCODE_NO_ERROR:
+      break;
+
+    case DNS_RCODE_NAME_ERROR:
+    case DNS_RCODE_FORMAT_ERROR:
+      return VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_SERVER_NO_SUCH_NAME;
+
+    case DNS_RCODE_SERVER_FAILURE:
+    case DNS_RCODE_NOT_IMPLEMENTED:
+    case DNS_RCODE_REFUSED:
+      return VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_SERVER_NEXT_SERVER;
+    }
+
+  /* No answers? Loser... */
+  if (clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->anscount) < 1)
+    return VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_SERVER_NO_ADDRESSES;
+
+  curpos = (u8 *) (h + 1);
+
+  /* Skip the name we asked about */
+  pos = curpos;
+  len = *pos++;
+  /* Should never happen, but stil... */
+  if ((len & 0xC0) == 0xC0)
+    curpos += 2;
+  else
+    {
+      /* skip the name / label-set */
+      while (len)
+	{
+	  pos += len;
+	  len = *pos++;
+	}
+      curpos = pos;
+    }
+  /* Skip queries */
+  limit = clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->qdcount);
+  qp = (dns_query_t *) curpos;
+  qp += limit;
+  curpos = (u8 *) qp;
+
+  /* Parse answers */
+  limit = clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->anscount);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < limit; i++)
+    {
+      pos = curpos;
+
+      /* Expect pointer chases in the answer section... */
+      if ((pos[0] & 0xC0) == 0xC0)
+	curpos += 2;
+      else
+	{
+	  len = *pos++;
+	  while (len)
+	    {
+	      if ((pos[0] & 0xC0) == 0xC0)
+		{
+		  curpos = pos + 2;
+		  break;
+		}
+	      pos += len;
+	      len = *pos++;
+	    }
+	  curpos = pos;
+	}
+
+      rr = (dns_rr_t *) curpos;
+
+      switch (clib_net_to_host_u16 (rr->type))
+	{
+	case DNS_TYPE_A:
+	  /* Collect an ip4 address. Do not pass go. Do not collect $200 */
+	  memcpy (rmp->ip4_address, rr->rdata, sizeof (ip4_address_t));
+	  rmp->ip4_set = 1;
+	  ttl = clib_net_to_host_u32 (rr->ttl);
+	  if (min_ttlp && *min_ttlp > ttl)
+	    *min_ttlp = ttl;
+	  break;
+	case DNS_TYPE_AAAA:
+	  /* Collect an ip6 address. Do not pass go. Do not collect $200 */
+	  memcpy (rmp->ip6_address, rr->rdata, sizeof (ip6_address_t));
+	  ttl = clib_net_to_host_u32 (rr->ttl);
+	  if (min_ttlp && *min_ttlp > ttl)
+	    *min_ttlp = ttl;
+	  rmp->ip6_set = 1;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  break;
+	}
+      /* Might as well stop ASAP */
+      if (rmp->ip4_set && rmp->ip6_set)
+	break;
+      curpos += sizeof (*rr) + clib_net_to_host_u16 (rr->rdlength);
+    }
+
+  if ((rmp->ip4_set + rmp->ip6_set) == 0)
+    return VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_SERVER_NO_ADDRESSES;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+vl_api_dns_resolve_name_t_handler (vl_api_dns_resolve_name_t * mp)
+{
+  dns_main_t *dm = &dns_main;
+  vl_api_dns_resolve_name_reply_t *rmp;
+  dns_cache_entry_t *ep;
+  int rv;
+
+  /* Sanitize the name slightly */
+  mp->name[ARRAY_LEN (mp->name) - 1] = 0;
+
+  rv = dns_resolve_name (dm, mp->name, mp->client_index, mp->context, &ep);
+
+  /* Error, e.g. not enabled? Tell the user */
+  if (rv < 0)
+    {
+      REPLY_MACRO (VL_API_DNS_RESOLVE_NAME_REPLY);
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Resolution pending? Don't reply... */
+  if (ep == 0)
+    return;
+
+  /* *INDENT-OFF* */
+  REPLY_MACRO2(VL_API_DNS_RESOLVE_NAME_REPLY,
+  ({
+    rv = vnet_dns_response_to_reply (ep->dns_response, rmp, 0 /* ttl-ptr */);
+    rmp->retval = clib_host_to_net_u32 (rv);
+  }));
+  /* *INDENT-ON* */
+
+  /*
+   * dns_resolve_name leaves the cache locked when it returns
+   * a cached result, so unlock it here.
+   */
+  dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+}
+
+#define vl_msg_name_crc_list
+#include <vpp/api/vpe_all_api_h.h>
+#undef vl_msg_name_crc_list
+
+static void
+setup_message_id_table (api_main_t * am)
+{
+#define _(id,n,crc) vl_msg_api_add_msg_name_crc (am, #n "_" #crc, id);
+  foreach_vl_msg_name_crc_dns;
+#undef _
+}
+
+#define foreach_dns_api_msg                             \
+_(DNS_ENABLE_DISABLE, dns_enable_disable)               \
+_(DNS_NAME_SERVER_ADD_DEL, dns_name_server_add_del)     \
+_(DNS_RESOLVE_NAME, dns_resolve_name)
+
+static clib_error_t *
+dns_api_hookup (vlib_main_t * vm)
+{
+#define _(N,n)                                                  \
+    vl_msg_api_set_handlers(VL_API_##N, #n,                     \
+                           vl_api_##n##_t_handler,              \
+                           vl_noop_handler,                     \
+                           vl_api_##n##_t_endian,               \
+                           vl_api_##n##_t_print,                \
+                           sizeof(vl_api_##n##_t), 1);
+  foreach_dns_api_msg;
+#undef _
+
+  setup_message_id_table (&api_main);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+VLIB_API_INIT_FUNCTION (dns_api_hookup);
+
+
+static clib_error_t *
+dns_config_fn (vlib_main_t * vm, unformat_input_t * input)
+{
+  dns_main_t *dm = &dns_main;
+
+  while (unformat_check_input (input) != UNFORMAT_END_OF_INPUT)
+    {
+      if (unformat (input, "max-cache-size %u", &dm->name_cache_size))
+	;
+      else if (unformat (input, "max-ttl %u", &dm->max_ttl_in_seconds))
+	;
+      else
+	return clib_error_return (0, "unknown input `%U'",
+				  format_unformat_error, input);
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+VLIB_CONFIG_FUNCTION (dns_config_fn, "dns");
+
+static clib_error_t *
+dns_init (vlib_main_t * vm)
+{
+  dns_main_t *dm = &dns_main;
+
+  dm->vlib_main = vm;
+  dm->vnet_main = vnet_get_main ();
+  dm->name_cache_size = 65535;
+  dm->max_ttl_in_seconds = 86400;
+  dm->random_seed = 0xDEADDABE;
+
+  udp_register_dst_port (vm, UDP_DST_PORT_dns_reply, dns46_reply_node.index,
+			 1 /* is_ip4 */ );
+
+  udp_register_dst_port (vm, UDP_DST_PORT_dns_reply6, dns46_reply_node.index,
+			 0 /* is_ip4 */ );
+
+#if 0
+  udp_register_dst_port (vm, UDP_DST_PORT_dns, dns4_request_node.index,
+			 1 /* is_ip4 */ );
+  udp_register_dst_port (vm, UDP_DST_PORT_dns6, dns6_request_node.index,
+			 0 /* is_ip4 */ );
+#endif
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+VLIB_INIT_FUNCTION (dns_init);
+
+uword
+unformat_dns_reply (unformat_input_t * input, va_list * args)
+{
+  u8 **result = va_arg (*args, u8 **);
+  u8 **namep = va_arg (*args, u8 **);
+  ip4_address_t a4;
+  ip6_address_t a6;
+  int a4_set = 0;
+  int a6_set = 0;
+  u8 *name;
+  int name_set = 0;
+  u8 *ce;
+  u32 qp_offset;
+  dns_header_t *h;
+  dns_query_t *qp;
+  dns_rr_t *rr;
+  u8 *rru8;
+
+  if (unformat (input, "%v", &name))
+    name_set = 1;
+
+  if (unformat (input, "%U", unformat_ip4_address, &a4))
+    {
+      a4_set = 1;
+      if (unformat (input, "%U", unformat_ip6_address, &a6))
+	a6_set = 1;
+    }
+
+  if (unformat (input, "%U", unformat_ip6_address, &a6))
+    {
+      a6_set = 1;
+      if (unformat (input, "%U", unformat_ip4_address, &a6))
+	a4_set = 1;
+    }
+
+  /* Must have a name */
+  if (!name_set)
+    return 0;
+
+  /* Must have at least one address */
+  if (!(a4_set + a6_set))
+    return 0;
+
+  /* Build a fake DNS cache entry string, one hemorrhoid at a time */
+  ce = name_to_labels (name);
+  qp_offset = vec_len (ce);
+
+  /* Add space for the query header */
+  vec_validate (ce, qp_offset + sizeof (dns_query_t) - 1);
+  qp = (dns_query_t *) (ce + qp_offset);
+
+  qp->type = clib_host_to_net_u16 (DNS_TYPE_ALL);
+  qp->class = clib_host_to_net_u16 (DNS_CLASS_IN);
+
+  /* Punch in space for the dns_header_t */
+  vec_insert (ce, sizeof (dns_header_t), 0);
+
+  h = (dns_header_t *) ce;
+
+  /* Fake Transaction ID */
+  h->id = 0xFFFF;
+
+  h->flags = clib_host_to_net_u16 (DNS_RD | DNS_RA);
+  h->qdcount = clib_host_to_net_u16 (1);
+  h->anscount = clib_host_to_net_u16 (a4_set + a6_set);
+  h->nscount = 0;
+  h->arcount = 0;
+
+  /* Now append one or two A/AAAA RR's... */
+  if (a4_set)
+    {
+      /* Pointer to the name (DGMS) */
+      vec_add1 (ce, 0xC0);
+      vec_add1 (ce, 0x0C);
+      vec_add2 (ce, rru8, sizeof (*rr) + 4);
+      rr = (void *) rru8;
+      rr->type = clib_host_to_net_u16 (DNS_TYPE_A);
+      rr->class = clib_host_to_net_u16 (DNS_CLASS_IN);
+      rr->ttl = clib_host_to_net_u32 (86400);
+      rr->rdlength = clib_host_to_net_u16 (4);
+      memcpy (rr->rdata, &a4, sizeof (a4));
+    }
+  if (a6_set)
+    {
+      /* Pointer to the name (DGMS) */
+      vec_add1 (ce, 0xC0);
+      vec_add1 (ce, 0x0C);
+      vec_add2 (ce, rru8, sizeof (*rr) + 16);
+      rr = (void *) rru8;
+      rr->type = clib_host_to_net_u16 (DNS_TYPE_AAAA);
+      rr->class = clib_host_to_net_u16 (DNS_CLASS_IN);
+      rr->ttl = clib_host_to_net_u32 (86400);
+      rr->rdlength = clib_host_to_net_u16 (16);
+      memcpy (rr->rdata, &a6, sizeof (a6));
+    }
+  *result = ce;
+  if (namep)
+    *namep = name;
+  else
+    vec_free (name);
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+u8 *
+format_dns_query (u8 * s, va_list * args)
+{
+  u8 **curpos = va_arg (*args, u8 **);
+  int verbose = va_arg (*args, int);
+  u8 *pos;
+  dns_query_t *qp;
+  int len, i;
+  if (verbose > 1)
+    s = format (s, "    Name: ");
+
+  /* Unwind execrated counted-label sheit */
+  pos = *curpos;
+  len = *pos++;
+
+  while (len)
+    {
+      for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+	vec_add1 (s, *pos++);
+
+      len = *pos++;
+      if (len)
+	vec_add1 (s, '.');
+      else
+	{
+	  vec_add1 (s, ':');
+	  vec_add1 (s, ' ');
+	}
+    }
+
+  qp = (dns_query_t *) pos;
+  if (verbose > 1)
+    {
+      switch (clib_net_to_host_u16 (qp->type))
+	{
+	case DNS_TYPE_A:
+	  s = format (s, "type A\n");
+	  break;
+	case DNS_TYPE_AAAA:
+	  s = format (s, "type AAAA\n");
+	  break;
+	case DNS_TYPE_ALL:
+	  s = format (s, "type ALL\n");
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  s = format (s, "type %d\n", clib_net_to_host_u16 (qp->type));
+	  break;
+	}
+    }
+
+  pos += sizeof (*qp);
+
+  *curpos = pos;
+  return s;
+}
+
+/**
+ * format dns reply data
+ * verbose > 1, dump everything
+ * verbose == 1, dump all A and AAAA records
+ * verbose == 0, dump one A record, and one AAAA record
+ */
+
+u8 *
+format_dns_reply_data (u8 * s, va_list * args)
+{
+  u8 *reply = va_arg (*args, u8 *);
+  u8 **curpos = va_arg (*args, u8 **);
+  int verbose = va_arg (*args, int);
+  int *print_ip4 = va_arg (*args, int *);
+  int *print_ip6 = va_arg (*args, int *);
+  int len;
+  u8 *pos, *pos2;
+  dns_rr_t *rr;
+  int i;
+  int initial_pointer_chase = 0;
+  u16 *tp;
+
+  pos = pos2 = *curpos;
+
+  if (verbose > 1)
+    s = format (s, "    ");
+
+  /* chase pointer? almost always yes here... */
+  if (pos2[0] == 0xc0)
+    {
+      pos2 = reply + pos2[1];
+      pos += 2;
+      initial_pointer_chase = 1;
+    }
+
+  len = *pos2++;
+
+  while (len)
+    {
+      for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+	{
+	  if (verbose > 1)
+	    vec_add1 (s, *pos2);
+	  pos2++;
+	}
+      len = *pos2++;
+      if (len)
+	{
+	  if (verbose > 1)
+	    vec_add1 (s, '.');
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  if (verbose > 1)
+	    vec_add1 (s, ' ');
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (initial_pointer_chase == 0)
+    pos = pos2;
+
+  rr = (dns_rr_t *) pos;
+
+  switch (clib_net_to_host_u16 (rr->type))
+    {
+    case DNS_TYPE_A:
+      if (verbose > 1)
+	{
+	  s = format (s, "A: ttl %d %U\n", clib_net_to_host_u32 (rr->ttl),
+		      format_ip4_address, rr->rdata);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  if (*print_ip4)
+	    s = format (s, "%U [%u] ", format_ip4_address, rr->rdata,
+			clib_net_to_host_u32 (rr->ttl));
+	  if (verbose == 0)
+	    *print_ip4 = 0;
+
+	}
+      pos += sizeof (*rr) + 4;
+      break;
+
+    case DNS_TYPE_AAAA:
+      if (verbose > 1)
+	{
+	  s = format (s, "AAAA: ttl %d %U\n", clib_net_to_host_u32 (rr->ttl),
+		      format_ip6_address, rr->rdata);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  if (*print_ip6)
+	    s = format (s, "%U [%u] ", format_ip6_address, rr->rdata,
+			clib_net_to_host_u32 (rr->ttl));
+	  if (verbose == 0)
+	    *print_ip6 = 0;
+	}
+      pos += sizeof (*rr) + 16;
+      break;
+
+    case DNS_TYPE_TEXT:
+      if (verbose > 1)
+	{
+	  s = format (s, "TEXT: ");
+	  for (i = 0; i < clib_net_to_host_u16 (rr->rdlength); i++)
+	    vec_add1 (s, rr->rdata[i]);
+	  vec_add1 (s, '\n');
+	}
+      pos += sizeof (*rr) + clib_net_to_host_u16 (rr->rdlength);
+      break;
+
+    case DNS_TYPE_NAMESERVER:
+      if (verbose > 1)
+	{
+	  s = format (s, "Nameserver: ");
+	  pos2 = rr->rdata;
+
+	  /* chase pointer? */
+	  if (pos2[0] == 0xc0)
+	    pos2 = reply + pos2[1];
+
+	  len = *pos2++;
+
+	  while (len)
+	    {
+	      for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		vec_add1 (s, *pos2++);
+
+	      /* chase pointer, typically to offset 12... */
+	      if (pos2[0] == 0xC0)
+		pos2 = reply + pos2[1];
+
+	      len = *pos2++;
+	      if (len)
+		vec_add1 (s, '.');
+	      else
+		vec_add1 (s, '\n');
+	    }
+	}
+      pos += sizeof (*rr) + clib_net_to_host_u16 (rr->rdlength);
+      break;
+
+    case DNS_TYPE_MAIL_EXCHANGE:
+      if (verbose > 1)
+	{
+	  tp = (u16 *) rr->rdata;
+
+	  s = format (s, "Mail Exchange: Preference %d ", (u32)
+		      clib_net_to_host_u16 (*tp));
+
+	  pos2 = rr->rdata + 2;
+
+	  /* chase pointer? */
+	  if (pos2[0] == 0xc0)
+	    pos2 = reply + pos2[1];
+
+	  len = *pos2++;
+
+	  while (len)
+	    {
+	      for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		vec_add1 (s, *pos2++);
+
+	      /* chase pointer */
+	      if (pos2[0] == 0xC0)
+		pos2 = reply + pos2[1];
+
+	      len = *pos2++;
+	      if (len)
+		vec_add1 (s, '.');
+	      else
+		vec_add1 (s, '\n');
+	    }
+	}
+
+      pos += sizeof (*rr) + clib_net_to_host_u16 (rr->rdlength);
+      break;
+
+    case DNS_TYPE_CNAME:
+      if (verbose > 1)
+	{
+	  tp = (u16 *) rr->rdata;
+
+	  s = format (s, "CNAME: ");
+
+	  pos2 = rr->rdata;
+
+	  /* chase pointer? */
+	  if (pos2[0] == 0xc0)
+	    pos2 = reply + pos2[1];
+
+	  len = *pos2++;
+
+	  while (len)
+	    {
+	      for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		vec_add1 (s, *pos2++);
+
+	      /* chase pointer */
+	      if (pos2[0] == 0xC0)
+		pos2 = reply + pos2[1];
+
+	      len = *pos2++;
+	      if (len)
+		vec_add1 (s, '.');
+	      else
+		vec_add1 (s, '\n');
+	    }
+	}
+      pos += sizeof (*rr) + clib_net_to_host_u16 (rr->rdlength);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      if (verbose > 1)
+	s = format (s, "type %d: len %d\n",
+		    (int) clib_net_to_host_u16 (rr->type),
+		    sizeof (*rr) + clib_net_to_host_u16 (rr->rdlength));
+      pos += sizeof (*rr) + clib_net_to_host_u16 (rr->rdlength);
+      break;
+    }
+
+  *curpos = pos;
+
+  return s;
+}
+
+u8 *
+format_dns_reply (u8 * s, va_list * args)
+{
+  u8 *reply_as_u8 = va_arg (*args, u8 *);
+  int verbose = va_arg (*args, int);
+  dns_header_t *h;
+  u16 id, flags;
+  u8 *curpos;
+  int i;
+  int print_ip4 = 1;
+  int print_ip6 = 1;
+
+  h = (dns_header_t *) reply_as_u8;
+  id = clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->id);
+  flags = clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->flags);
+
+  if (verbose > 1)
+    {
+      s = format (s, "DNS %s: id %d\n", (flags & DNS_QR) ? "reply" : "query",
+		  id);
+      s = format (s, "  %s %s %s %s\n",
+		  (flags & DNS_RA) ? "recur" : "no-recur",
+		  (flags & DNS_RD) ? "recur-des" : "no-recur-des",
+		  (flags & DNS_TC) ? "trunc" : "no-trunc",
+		  (flags & DNS_AA) ? "auth" : "non-auth");
+      s = format (s, "  %d queries, %d answers, %d name-servers,"
+		  " %d add'l recs\n",
+		  clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->qdcount),
+		  clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->anscount),
+		  clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->nscount),
+		  clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->arcount));
+    }
+
+  curpos = (u8 *) (h + 1);
+
+  if (h->qdcount)
+    {
+      if (verbose > 1)
+	s = format (s, "  Queries:\n");
+      for (i = 0; i < clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->qdcount); i++)
+	{
+	  /* The query is variable-length, so curpos is a value-result parm */
+	  s = format (s, "%U", format_dns_query, &curpos, verbose);
+	}
+    }
+  if (h->anscount)
+    {
+      if (verbose > 1)
+	s = format (s, "  Replies:\n");
+
+      for (i = 0; i < clib_net_to_host_u16 (h->anscount); i++)
+	{
+	  /* curpos is a value-result parm */
+	  s = format (s, "%U", format_dns_reply_data, reply_as_u8, &curpos,
+		      verbose, &print_ip4, &print_ip6);
+	}
+    }
+  return s;
+}
+
+u8 *
+format_dns_cache (u8 * s, va_list * args)
+{
+  dns_main_t *dm = va_arg (*args, dns_main_t *);
+  f64 now = va_arg (*args, f64);
+  int verbose = va_arg (*args, int);
+  u8 *name = va_arg (*args, u8 *);
+  dns_cache_entry_t *ep;
+  char *ss;
+  uword *p;
+
+  if (dm->is_enabled == 0)
+    {
+      s = format (s, "The DNS cache is disabled...");
+      return s;
+    }
+
+  if (pool_elts (dm->entries) == 0)
+    {
+      s = format (s, "The DNS cache is empty...");
+      return s;
+    }
+
+  dns_cache_lock (dm);
+
+  if (name)
+    {
+      p = hash_get_mem (dm->cache_entry_by_name, name);
+      if (!p)
+	{
+	  s = format (s, "%s is not in the cache...", name);
+	  dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+	  return (s);
+	}
+
+      ep = pool_elt_at_index (dm->entries, p[0]);
+      /* Magic to spit out a C-initializer to research hemorrhoids... */
+      if (verbose == 3)
+	{
+	  int i, j;
+	  s = format (s, "static u8 dns_reply_data_initializer[] =\n");
+	  s = format (s, "{\n");
+	  j = 0;
+	  for (i = 0; i < vec_len (ep->dns_response); i++)
+	    {
+	      if (j++ == 8)
+		{
+		  j = 0;
+		  vec_add1 (s, '\n');
+		}
+	      s = format (s, "0x%02x, ", ep->dns_response[i]);
+	    }
+	  s = format (s, "};\n");
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  if (ep->flags & DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_VALID)
+	    {
+	      ASSERT (ep->dns_response);
+	      if (ep->flags & DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_STATIC)
+		ss = "[S] ";
+	      else
+		ss = "    ";
+
+	      s = format (s, "%s%s -> %U", ss, ep->name,
+			  format_dns_reply, ep->dns_response, verbose);
+	      if (!(ep->flags & DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_STATIC))
+		{
+		  f64 time_left = ep->expiration_time - now;
+		  if (time_left > 0.0)
+		    s = format (s, "  TTL left %.1f", time_left);
+		  else
+		    s = format (s, "  EXPIRED");
+		}
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      ASSERT (ep->dns_request);
+	      s = format (s, "[P] %U", format_dns_reply, ep->dns_request,
+			  verbose);
+	    }
+	  vec_add1 (s, '\n');
+	}
+      return s;
+    }
+
+  /* *INDENT-OFF* */
+  pool_foreach (ep, dm->entries,
+  ({
+    if (ep->flags & DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_VALID)
+      {
+        ASSERT (ep->dns_response);
+        if (ep->flags & DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_STATIC)
+          ss = "[S] ";
+        else
+          ss = "    ";
+
+        s = format (s, "%s%s -> %U", ss, ep->name,
+                    format_dns_reply,
+                    ep->dns_response,
+                    verbose);
+        if (!(ep->flags & DNS_CACHE_ENTRY_FLAG_STATIC))
+          {
+            f64 time_left = ep->expiration_time - now;
+            if (time_left > 0.0)
+              s = format (s, "  TTL left %.1f", time_left);
+            else
+              s = format (s, "  EXPIRED");
+          }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+        ASSERT (ep->dns_request);
+        s = format (s, "[P] %U", format_dns_reply, ep->dns_request,
+                    verbose);
+      }
+    vec_add1 (s, '\n');
+  }));
+  /* *INDENT-ON* */
+
+  dns_cache_unlock (dm);
+
+  return s;
+}
+
+static clib_error_t *
+show_dns_cache_command_fn (vlib_main_t * vm,
+			   unformat_input_t * input, vlib_cli_command_t * cmd)
+{
+  dns_main_t *dm = &dns_main;
+  int verbose = 0;
+  u8 *name = 0;
+  f64 now = vlib_time_now (vm);
+
+  while (unformat_check_input (input) != UNFORMAT_END_OF_INPUT)
+    {
+      if (unformat (input, "verbose %d", &verbose))
+	;
+      else if (unformat (input, "verbose"))
+	verbose = 1;
+      else if (unformat (input, "name %s", &name))
+	;
+      else
+	return clib_error_return (0, "unknown input `%U'",
+				  format_unformat_error, input);
+    }
+
+  vlib_cli_output (vm, "%U", format_dns_cache, dm, now, verbose, name);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* *INDENT-OFF* */
+VLIB_CLI_COMMAND (show_dns_cache_command) =
+{
+  .path = "show dns cache",
+  .short_help = "show dns cache [verbose [nn]]",
+  .function = show_dns_cache_command_fn,
+};
+/* *INDENT-ON* */
+
+static clib_error_t *
+dns_cache_add_del_command_fn (vlib_main_t * vm,
+			      unformat_input_t * input,
+			      vlib_cli_command_t * cmd)
+{
+  dns_main_t *dm = &dns_main;
+  u8 *dns_reply_data;
+  u8 *name;
+  int is_add = -1;
+  int is_clear = -1;
+  int rv;
+  clib_error_t *error;
+
+  if (unformat (input, "add"))
+    is_add = 1;
+  if (unformat (input, "del"))
+    is_add = 0;
+  if (unformat (input, "clear"))
+    is_clear = 1;
+
+  if (is_add == -1 && is_clear == -1)
+    return clib_error_return (0, "add / del / clear required...");
+
+  if (is_clear == 1)
+    {
+      rv = dns_cache_clear (dm);
+      switch (rv)
+	{
+	case 0:
+	  return 0;
+
+	case VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_RESOLUTION_NOT_ENABLED:
+	  error = clib_error_return (0, "Name resolution not enabled");
+	  return error;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Delete (by name)? */
+  if (is_add == 0)
+    {
+      if (unformat (input, "%v", &name))
+	{
+	  rv = dns_delete_by_name (dm, name);
+	  switch (rv)
+	    {
+	    case VNET_API_ERROR_NO_SUCH_ENTRY:
+	      error = clib_error_return (0, "%v not in the cache...", name);
+	      vec_free (name);
+	      return error;
+
+	    case VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_RESOLUTION_NOT_ENABLED:
+	      error = clib_error_return (0, "Name resolution not enabled");
+	      vec_free (name);
+	      return error;
+
+	    case 0:
+	      vec_free (name);
+	      return 0;
+
+	    default:
+	      error = clib_error_return (0, "dns_delete_by_name returned %d",
+					 rv);
+	      vec_free (name);
+	      return error;
+	    }
+	}
+      return clib_error_return (0, "unknown input `%U'",
+				format_unformat_error, input);
+    }
+
+  /* Note: dns_add_static_entry consumes the name vector if OK... */
+  if (unformat (input, "%U", unformat_dns_reply, &dns_reply_data, &name))
+    {
+      rv = dns_add_static_entry (dm, name, dns_reply_data);
+      switch (rv)
+	{
+	case VNET_API_ERROR_ENTRY_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+	  vec_free (name);
+	  vec_free (dns_reply_data);
+	  return clib_error_return (0, "%v already in the cache...", name);
+	case 0:
+	  return 0;
+
+	default:
+	  return clib_error_return (0, "dns_add_static_entry returned %d",
+				    rv);
+	}
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* *INDENT-OFF* */
+VLIB_CLI_COMMAND (dns_cache_add_del_command) =
+{
+  .path = "dns cache",
+  .short_help = "dns cache [add|del|clear] <name> [ip4][ip6]",
+  .function = dns_cache_add_del_command_fn,
+};
+/* *INDENT-ON* */
+
+#define DNS_FORMAT_TEST 1
+
+#if DNS_FORMAT_TEST > 0
+#if 0
+/* yahoo.com */
+static u8 dns_reply_data_initializer[] =
+  { 0x0, 0x0, 0x81, 0x80, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5,
+  0x79, 0x61, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x3, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d,
+  0x0,				/* null lbl */
+  0x0, 0xff,			/* type ALL */
+  0x0, 0x1,			/* class IN */
+  0xc0, 0xc,			/* pointer to yahoo.com name */
+  0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x5c, 0x0, 0x24, 0x23,
+  0x76, 0x3d, 0x73, 0x70, 0x66, 0x31, 0x20, 0x72, 0x65, 0x64, 0x69, 0x72,
+  0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x3d, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x70, 0x66, 0x2e, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x69,
+  0x6c, 0x2e, 0x79, 0x61, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0xc0,
+  0xc, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x1, 0x50, 0xd4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x3, 0x6e, 0x73,
+  0x35, 0xc0, 0xc, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x1, 0x50, 0xd4, 0x0,
+  0x6, 0x3, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x34, 0xc0, 0xc, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+  0x1, 0x50, 0xd4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x3, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x31, 0xc0, 0xc, 0xc0, 0xc,
+  0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x1, 0x50, 0xd4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x3, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x32,
+  0xc0, 0xc, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x1, 0x50, 0xd4, 0x0, 0x6,
+  0x3, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x33, 0xc0, 0xc, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0xf, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0,
+  0x6, 0x5c, 0x0, 0x19, 0x0, 0x1, 0x4, 0x6d, 0x74, 0x61, 0x36, 0x3, 0x61,
+  0x6d, 0x30, 0x8, 0x79, 0x61, 0x68, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x3,
+  0x6e,
+  0x65, 0x74, 0x0, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0xf, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x5c, 0x0,
+  0x9, 0x0, 0x1, 0x4, 0x6d, 0x74, 0x61, 0x37, 0xc0, 0xb8, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0,
+  0xf, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x5c, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x1, 0x4, 0x6d, 0x74,
+  0x61, 0x35, 0xc0, 0xb8, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x1c, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6,
+  0x5c, 0x0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x1, 0x49, 0x98, 0x0, 0x44, 0x2, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0,
+  0x0,
+  0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xa7, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x1c, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6,
+  0x5c, 0x0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x1, 0x49, 0x98, 0x0, 0xc, 0xa, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+  0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x40, 0x8, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x1c, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6,
+  0x5c, 0x0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x1, 0x49, 0x98, 0x0, 0x58, 0xc, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0,
+  0x0,
+  0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xa9, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6,
+  0x5c, 0x0, 0x4, 0x62, 0x8a, 0xfd, 0x6d, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x1,
+  0x0,
+  0x0, 0x6, 0x5c, 0x0, 0x4, 0xce, 0xbe, 0x24, 0x2d, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x1,
+  0x0,
+  0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x5c, 0x0, 0x4, 0x62, 0x8b, 0xb4, 0x95, 0xc0, 0xc,
+  0x0,
+  0x6, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x5c, 0x0, 0x2d, 0xc0, 0x7b, 0xa, 0x68,
+  0x6f,
+  0x73, 0x74, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x73, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x9, 0x79, 0x61, 0x68,
+  0x6f, 0x6f, 0x2d, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x63, 0xc0, 0x12, 0x78, 0x3a, 0x85, 0x44,
+  0x0, 0x0, 0xe, 0x10, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x2c, 0x0, 0x1b, 0xaf, 0x80, 0x0, 0x0,
+  0x2, 0x58
+};
+
+/* www.cisco.com, has no addresses in reply */
+static u8 dns_reply_data_initializer[] = {
+  0x00, 0x01, 0x81, 0x80, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x77, 0x77, 0x77, 0x05,
+  0x63, 0x69, 0x73, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x03, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d,
+
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0x01, 0xc0, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x05,
+  0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0b, 0xd3, 0x00, 0x1a, 0x03,
+  0x77, 0x77, 0x77, 0x05, 0x63, 0x69, 0x73, 0x63, 0x6f,
+  0x03, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x06, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x61, 0x64,
+  0x6e, 0x73, 0x03, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x74, 0x00,
+};
+#else
+/* google.com */
+static u8 dns_reply_data_initializer[] =
+  { 0x0, 0x0, 0x81, 0x80, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0xe, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6,
+  0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x3, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x0, 0x0, 0xff,
+  0x0, 0x1, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x2b, 0x0, 0x4,
+  0xac, 0xd9, 0x3, 0x2e, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x1c, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1,
+  0x2b,
+  0x0, 0x10, 0x26, 0x7, 0xf8, 0xb0, 0x40, 0x4, 0x8, 0xf, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+  0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0xe, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x1, 0x51, 0x7f,
+  0x0, 0x6, 0x3, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x31, 0xc0, 0xc, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x1,
+  0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3b, 0x0, 0x22, 0xc0, 0x54, 0x9, 0x64, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x2d,
+  0x61, 0x64, 0x6d, 0x69, 0x6e, 0xc0, 0xc, 0xa, 0x3d, 0xc7, 0x30, 0x0, 0x0,
+  0x3, 0x84, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x84, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x8, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3c,
+  0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0xf, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x57, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0, 0x1e,
+  0x4, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x32, 0x5, 0x61, 0x73, 0x70, 0x6d, 0x78, 0x1, 0x6c,
+  0xc0, 0xc, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0xf, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x57, 0x0, 0x4,
+  0x0, 0xa, 0xc0, 0x9b, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0xe, 0xf,
+  0x0, 0x24, 0x23, 0x76, 0x3d, 0x73, 0x70, 0x66, 0x31, 0x20, 0x69, 0x6e,
+  0x63, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x64, 0x65, 0x3a, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x70, 0x66, 0x2e, 0x67,
+  0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x20, 0x7e, 0x61,
+  0x6c, 0x6c, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x1, 0x51, 0x7f, 0x0, 0x6,
+  0x3, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x32, 0xc0, 0xc, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x1, 0x1, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x1,
+  0x51, 0x7f, 0x0, 0xf, 0x0, 0x5, 0x69, 0x73, 0x73, 0x75, 0x65, 0x70, 0x6b,
+  0x69, 0x2e, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+  0x1, 0x51, 0x7f, 0x0, 0x6, 0x3, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x34, 0xc0, 0xc, 0xc0, 0xc,
+  0x0, 0xf, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x57, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x28, 0x4, 0x61,
+  0x6c, 0x74, 0x33, 0xc0, 0x9b, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x1,
+  0x51, 0x7f, 0x0, 0x6, 0x3, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x33, 0xc0, 0xc, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0,
+  0xf, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x57, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x32, 0x4, 0x61, 0x6c,
+  0x74, 0x34, 0xc0, 0x9b, 0xc0, 0xc, 0x0, 0xf, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2,
+  0x57,
+  0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x14, 0x4, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x31, 0xc0, 0x9b
+};
+#endif
+
+static clib_error_t *
+test_dns_fmt_command_fn (vlib_main_t * vm,
+			 unformat_input_t * input, vlib_cli_command_t * cmd)
+{
+  u8 *dns_reply_data = 0;
+  int verbose = 0;
+  int rv;
+  vl_api_dns_resolve_name_reply_t _rm, *rmp = &_rm;
+
+  while (unformat_check_input (input) != UNFORMAT_END_OF_INPUT)
+    {
+      if (unformat (input, "verbose %d", &verbose))
+	;
+      else if (unformat (input, "verbose"))
+	verbose = 1;
+      else
+	return clib_error_return (0, "unknown input `%U'",
+				  format_unformat_error, input);
+    }
+
+  vec_validate (dns_reply_data, ARRAY_LEN (dns_reply_data_initializer) - 1);
+
+  memcpy (dns_reply_data, dns_reply_data_initializer,
+	  ARRAY_LEN (dns_reply_data_initializer));
+
+  vlib_cli_output (vm, "%U", format_dns_reply, dns_reply_data, verbose);
+
+  memset (rmp, 0, sizeof (*rmp));
+
+  rv = vnet_dns_response_to_reply (dns_reply_data, rmp, 0 /* ttl-ptr */ );
+
+  switch (rv)
+    {
+    case VNET_API_ERROR_NAME_SERVER_NO_ADDRESSES:
+      vlib_cli_output (vm, "no addresses found...");
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      vlib_cli_output (vm, "response to reply returned %d", rv);
+      break;
+
+    case 0:
+      if (rmp->ip4_set)
+	vlib_cli_output (vm, "ip4 address: %U", format_ip4_address,
+			 (ip4_address_t *) rmp->ip4_address);
+      if (rmp->ip6_set)
+	vlib_cli_output (vm, "ip6 address: %U", format_ip6_address,
+			 (ip6_address_t *) rmp->ip6_address);
+      break;
+    }
+
+  vec_free (dns_reply_data);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* *INDENT-OFF* */
+VLIB_CLI_COMMAND (test_dns_fmt_command) =
+{
+  .path = "test dns format",
+  .short_help = "test dns format",
+  .function = test_dns_fmt_command_fn,
+};
+/* *INDENT-ON* */
+
+static clib_error_t *
+test_dns_unfmt_command_fn (vlib_main_t * vm,
+			   unformat_input_t * input, vlib_cli_command_t * cmd)
+{
+  u8 *dns_reply_data = 0;
+  int verbose = 0;
+  int reply_set = 0;
+
+  while (unformat_check_input (input) != UNFORMAT_END_OF_INPUT)
+    {
+      if (unformat (input, "verbose %d", &verbose))
+	;
+      else if (unformat (input, "verbose"))
+	verbose = 1;
+      else if (unformat (input, "%U", unformat_dns_reply, &dns_reply_data))
+	reply_set = 1;
+      else
+	return clib_error_return (0, "unknown input `%U'",
+				  format_unformat_error, input);
+    }
+
+  if (reply_set == 0)
+    return clib_error_return (0, "dns data not set...");
+
+  vlib_cli_output (vm, "%U", format_dns_reply, dns_reply_data, verbose);
+
+  vec_free (dns_reply_data);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* *INDENT-OFF* */
+VLIB_CLI_COMMAND (test_dns_unfmt_command) =
+{
+  .path = "test dns unformat",
+  .short_help = "test dns unformat <name> [ip4][ip6]",
+  .function = test_dns_unfmt_command_fn,
+};
+/* *INDENT-ON* */
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * fd.io coding-style-patch-verification: ON
+ *
+ * Local Variables:
+ * eval: (c-set-style "gnu")
+ * End:
+ */