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.. _Routing:
.. toctree::
Connecting the two Containers
_____________________________
Now for connecting these two linux containers to VPP and pinging between them.
Enter container *cone*, and check the current network configuration:
.. code-block:: console
root@cone:/# ip -o a
1: lo inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo\ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
1: lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host \ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
30: veth0 inet 10.0.3.157/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global veth0\ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
30: veth0 inet6 fe80::216:3eff:fee2:d0ba/64 scope link \ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
32: veth_link1 inet6 fe80::2c9d:83ff:fe33:37e/64 scope link \ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
You can see that there are three network interfaces, *lo, veth0*, and *veth_link1*.
Notice that *veth_link1* has no assigned IP.
Check if the interfaces are down or up:
.. code-block:: console
root@cone:/# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
30: veth0@if31: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:16:3e:e2:d0:ba brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
32: veth_link1@if33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 2e:9d:83:33:03:7e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
.. _networkNote:
.. note::
Take note of the network index for **veth_link1**. In our case, it 32, and its parent index (the host machine, not the containers) is 33, shown by **veth_link1@if33**. Yours will most likely be different, but **please take note of these index's**.
Make sure your loopback interface is up, and assign an IP and gateway to veth_link1.
.. code-block:: console
root@cone:/# ip link set dev lo up
root@cone:/# ip addr add 172.16.1.2/24 dev veth_link1
root@cone:/# ip link set dev veth_link1 up
root@cone:/# dhclient -r
root@cone:/# ip route add default via 172.16.1.1 dev veth_link1
Here, the IP is 172.16.1.2/24 and the gateway is 172.16.1.1.
Run some commands to verify the changes:
.. code-block:: console
root@cone:/# ip -o a
1: lo inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo\ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
1: lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host \ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
30: veth0 inet6 fe80::216:3eff:fee2:d0ba/64 scope link \ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
32: veth_link1 inet 172.16.1.2/24 scope global veth_link1\ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
32: veth_link1 inet6 fe80::2c9d:83ff:fe33:37e/64 scope link \ valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@cone:/# ip route
default via 172.16.1.1 dev veth_link1
172.16.1.0/24 dev veth_link1 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.1.2
We see that the IP has been assigned, as well as our default gateway.
Now exit this container and repeat this process with container *ctwo*, except with IP 172.16.2.2/24 and gateway 172.16.2.1.
After that's done for *both* containers, exit from the container if you're in one:
.. code-block:: console
root@ctwo:/# exit
exit
root@localhost:~#
In the machine running the containers, run **ip link** to see the host *veth* network interfaces, and their link with their respective *container veth's*.
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:33:82:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:d9:9f:ac brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: enp0s9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:78:84:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: lxcbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:16:3e:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
19: veth0C2FL7@if18: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master lxcbr0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether fe:0d:da:90:c1:65 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
21: veth8NA72P@if20: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether fe:1c:9e:01:9f:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
31: vethXQMY4C@if30: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master lxcbr0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether fe:9a:d9:29:40:bb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
33: vethQL7KOC@if32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether fe:ed:89:54:47:a2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
Remember our network interface index 32 in *cone* from this :ref:`note <networkNote>`? We can see at the bottom the name of the 33rd index **vethQL7KOC@if32**. Keep note of this network interface name for the veth connected to *cone* (ex. vethQL7KOC), and the other network interface name for *ctwo*.
With VPP in the host machine, show current VPP interfaces:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl show inter
Name Idx State MTU (L3/IP4/IP6/MPLS) Counter Count
local0 0 down 0/0/0/0
Which should only output local0.
Based on the names of the network interfaces discussed previously, which are specific to my systems, we can create VPP host-interfaces:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl create host-interface name vethQL7K0C
root@localhost:~# vppctl create host-interface name veth8NA72P
Verify they have been set up properly:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl show inter
Name Idx State MTU (L3/IP4/IP6/MPLS) Counter Count
host-vethQL7K0C 1 down 9000/0/0/0
host-veth8NA72P 2 down 9000/0/0/0
local0 0 down 0/0/0/0
Which should output *three network interfaces*, local0, and the other two host network interfaces linked to the container veth's.
Set their state to up:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl set interface state host-vethQL7K0C up
root@localhost:~# vppctl set interface state host-veth8NA72P up
Verify they are now up:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl show inter
Name Idx State MTU (L3/IP4/IP6/MPLS) Counter Count
host-vethQL7K0C 1 up 9000/0/0/0
host-veth8NA72P 2 up 9000/0/0/0
local0 0 down 0/0/0/0
Add IP addresses for the other end of each veth link:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl set interface ip address host-vethQL7K0C 172.16.1.1/24
root@localhost:~# vppctl set interface ip address host-veth8NA72P 172.16.2.1/24
Verify the addresses are set properly by looking at the L3 table:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl show inter addr
host-vethQL7K0C (up):
L3 172.16.1.1/24
host-veth8NA72P (up):
L3 172.16.2.1/24
local0 (dn):
Or looking at the FIB by doing:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# vppctl show ip fib
ipv4-VRF:0, fib_index:0, flow hash:[src dst sport dport proto ] locks:[src:plugin-hi:2, src:default-route:1, ]
0.0.0.0/0
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:1 buckets:1 uRPF:0 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
0.0.0.0/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:2 buckets:1 uRPF:1 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
172.16.1.0/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:10 buckets:1 uRPF:9 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
172.16.1.0/24
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:9 buckets:1 uRPF:8 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@4]: ipv4-glean: host-vethQL7K0C: mtu:9000 ffffffffffff02fec953f98c0806
172.16.1.1/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:12 buckets:1 uRPF:13 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@2]: dpo-receive: 172.16.1.1 on host-vethQL7K0C
172.16.1.255/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:11 buckets:1 uRPF:11 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
172.16.2.0/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:14 buckets:1 uRPF:15 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
172.16.2.0/24
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:13 buckets:1 uRPF:14 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@4]: ipv4-glean: host-veth8NA72P: mtu:9000 ffffffffffff02fe305400e80806
172.16.2.1/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:16 buckets:1 uRPF:19 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@2]: dpo-receive: 172.16.2.1 on host-veth8NA72P
172.16.2.255/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:15 buckets:1 uRPF:17 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
224.0.0.0/4
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:4 buckets:1 uRPF:3 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
240.0.0.0/4
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:3 buckets:1 uRPF:2 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
255.255.255.255/32
unicast-ip4-chain
[@0]: dpo-load-balance: [proto:ip4 index:5 buckets:1 uRPF:4 to:[0:0]]
[0] [@0]: dpo-drop ip4
At long last you probably want to see some pings:
.. code-block:: console
root@localhost:~# lxc-attach -n cone -- ping -c3 172.16.2.2
PING 172.16.2.2 (172.16.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.102 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.189 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.150 ms
--- 172.16.2.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.102/0.147/0.189/0.035 ms
root@localhost:~# lxc-attach -n ctwo -- ping -c3 172.16.1.2
PING 172.16.1.2 (172.16.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.111 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.089 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.096 ms
--- 172.16.1.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.089/0.098/0.111/0.014 ms
Which should send/receive three packets for each command.
This is the end of this guide. Great work!
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