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-rw-r--r--extras/hs-test/docker/Dockerfile.vpp2
-rw-r--r--extras/hs-test/infra/hst_suite.go79
-rw-r--r--extras/hs-test/infra/suite_ldp.go203
-rw-r--r--extras/hs-test/infra/utils.go131
-rw-r--r--extras/hs-test/ldp_test.go104
-rw-r--r--extras/hs-test/linux_iperf_test.go4
-rw-r--r--extras/hs-test/topo-containers/2peerVethLdp.yaml18
7 files changed, 405 insertions, 136 deletions
diff --git a/extras/hs-test/docker/Dockerfile.vpp b/extras/hs-test/docker/Dockerfile.vpp
index f87ee30c332..82a1a1a73d3 100644
--- a/extras/hs-test/docker/Dockerfile.vpp
+++ b/extras/hs-test/docker/Dockerfile.vpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ FROM ubuntu:${UBUNTU_VERSION}
RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get install -y openssl libapr1 libnuma1 libsubunit0 \
iproute2 libnl-3-dev libnl-route-3-dev python3 iputils-ping \
- vim gdb libunwind-dev \
+ vim gdb libunwind-dev redis redis-tools iperf3 \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
ENV DIR=vpp-data/lib/vpp_plugins
diff --git a/extras/hs-test/infra/hst_suite.go b/extras/hs-test/infra/hst_suite.go
index 5c124d3b210..ed8da3fe244 100644
--- a/extras/hs-test/infra/hst_suite.go
+++ b/extras/hs-test/infra/hst_suite.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package hst
import (
"bufio"
- "errors"
"flag"
"fmt"
"github.com/edwarnicke/exechelper"
@@ -607,84 +606,6 @@ func (s *HstSuite) GetPortFromPpid() string {
return port[len(port)-3:] + s.ProcessIndex
}
-func (s *HstSuite) StartServerApp(running chan error, done chan struct{}, env []string) {
- cmd := exec.Command("iperf3", "-4", "-s", "-p", s.GetPortFromPpid())
- if env != nil {
- cmd.Env = env
- }
- s.Log(cmd)
- err := cmd.Start()
- if err != nil {
- msg := fmt.Errorf("failed to start iperf server: %v", err)
- running <- msg
- return
- }
- running <- nil
- <-done
- cmd.Process.Kill()
-}
-
-func (s *HstSuite) StartClientApp(ipAddress string, env []string, clnCh chan error, clnRes chan string) {
- defer func() {
- clnCh <- nil
- }()
-
- nTries := 0
-
- for {
- cmd := exec.Command("iperf3", "-c", ipAddress, "-u", "-l", "1460", "-b", "10g", "-p", s.GetPortFromPpid())
- if env != nil {
- cmd.Env = env
- }
- s.Log(cmd)
- o, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
- if err != nil {
- if nTries > 5 {
- clnCh <- fmt.Errorf("failed to start client app '%s'.\n%s", err, o)
- return
- }
- time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
- nTries++
- continue
- } else {
- clnRes <- fmt.Sprintf("Client output: %s", o)
- }
- break
- }
-}
-
-func (s *HstSuite) StartHttpServer(running chan struct{}, done chan struct{}, addressPort, netNs string) {
- cmd := newCommand([]string{"./http_server", addressPort, s.Ppid, s.ProcessIndex}, netNs)
- err := cmd.Start()
- s.Log(cmd)
- if err != nil {
- s.Log("Failed to start http server: " + fmt.Sprint(err))
- return
- }
- running <- struct{}{}
- <-done
- cmd.Process.Kill()
-}
-
-func (s *HstSuite) StartWget(finished chan error, server_ip, port, query, netNs string) {
- defer func() {
- finished <- errors.New("wget error")
- }()
-
- cmd := newCommand([]string{"wget", "--timeout=10", "--no-proxy", "--tries=5", "-O", "/dev/null", server_ip + ":" + port + "/" + query},
- netNs)
- s.Log(cmd)
- o, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
- if err != nil {
- finished <- fmt.Errorf("wget error: '%v\n\n%s'", err, o)
- return
- } else if !strings.Contains(string(o), "200 OK") {
- finished <- fmt.Errorf("wget error: response not 200 OK")
- return
- }
- finished <- nil
-}
-
/*
RunBenchmark creates Gomega's experiment with the passed-in name and samples the passed-in callback repeatedly (samplesNum times),
passing in suite context, experiment and your data.
diff --git a/extras/hs-test/infra/suite_ldp.go b/extras/hs-test/infra/suite_ldp.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15b45f710ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extras/hs-test/infra/suite_ldp.go
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+package hst
+
+import (
+ "fmt"
+ "reflect"
+ "runtime"
+ "strings"
+ "time"
+
+ . "github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
+)
+
+// These correspond to names used in yaml config
+const (
+ ServerLdpInterfaceName = "srv"
+ ClientLdpInterfaceName = "cln"
+)
+
+var ldpTests = map[string][]func(s *LdpSuite){}
+var ldpSoloTests = map[string][]func(s *LdpSuite){}
+
+type LdpSuite struct {
+ HstSuite
+}
+
+func RegisterLdpTests(tests ...func(s *LdpSuite)) {
+ ldpTests[getTestFilename()] = tests
+}
+func RegisterSoloLdpTests(tests ...func(s *LdpSuite)) {
+ ldpSoloTests[getTestFilename()] = tests
+}
+
+func (s *LdpSuite) SetupSuite() {
+ time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+ s.HstSuite.SetupSuite()
+ s.ConfigureNetworkTopology("2peerVeth")
+ s.LoadContainerTopology("2peerVethLdp")
+}
+
+func (s *LdpSuite) SetupTest() {
+ s.HstSuite.SetupTest()
+
+ // Setup test conditions
+ var sessionConfig Stanza
+ sessionConfig.
+ NewStanza("session").
+ Append("enable").
+ Append("use-app-socket-api")
+
+ if strings.Contains(CurrentSpecReport().LeafNodeText, "InterruptMode") {
+ sessionConfig.Append("use-private-rx-mqs").Close()
+ s.Log("**********************INTERRUPT MODE**********************")
+ } else {
+ sessionConfig.Close()
+ }
+
+ // ... For server
+ serverContainer := s.GetContainerByName("server-vpp")
+
+ serverVpp, err := serverContainer.newVppInstance(serverContainer.AllocatedCpus, sessionConfig)
+ s.AssertNotNil(serverVpp, fmt.Sprint(err))
+
+ s.SetupServerVpp()
+
+ // ... For client
+ clientContainer := s.GetContainerByName("client-vpp")
+
+ clientVpp, err := clientContainer.newVppInstance(clientContainer.AllocatedCpus, sessionConfig)
+ s.AssertNotNil(clientVpp, fmt.Sprint(err))
+
+ s.setupClientVpp()
+
+ serverContainer.AddEnvVar("VCL_CONFIG", serverContainer.GetContainerWorkDir()+"/vcl_srv.conf")
+ clientContainer.AddEnvVar("VCL_CONFIG", clientContainer.GetContainerWorkDir()+"/vcl_cln.conf")
+
+ for _, container := range s.StartedContainers {
+ container.AddEnvVar("LD_PRELOAD", "/usr/lib/libvcl_ldpreload.so")
+ container.AddEnvVar("LDP_DEBUG", "0")
+ container.AddEnvVar("VCL_DEBUG", "0")
+ }
+}
+
+func (s *LdpSuite) TearDownTest() {
+ for _, container := range s.StartedContainers {
+ delete(container.EnvVars, "LD_PRELOAD")
+ delete(container.EnvVars, "VCL_CONFIG")
+ }
+ s.HstSuite.TearDownTest()
+
+}
+
+func (s *LdpSuite) SetupServerVpp() {
+ var srvVclConf Stanza
+ serverContainer := s.GetContainerByName("server-vpp")
+ serverVclFileName := serverContainer.GetHostWorkDir() + "/vcl_srv.conf"
+ serverVpp := serverContainer.VppInstance
+ s.AssertNil(serverVpp.Start())
+
+ serverVeth := s.GetInterfaceByName(ServerInterfaceName)
+ idx, err := serverVpp.createAfPacket(serverVeth)
+ s.AssertNil(err, fmt.Sprint(err))
+ s.AssertNotEqual(0, idx)
+
+ serverAppSocketApi := fmt.Sprintf("app-socket-api %s/var/run/app_ns_sockets/default",
+ serverContainer.GetContainerWorkDir())
+ err = srvVclConf.
+ NewStanza("vcl").
+ Append("rx-fifo-size 4000000").
+ Append("tx-fifo-size 4000000").
+ Append("app-scope-local").
+ Append("app-scope-global").
+ Append("use-mq-eventfd").
+ Append(serverAppSocketApi).Close().
+ SaveToFile(serverVclFileName)
+ s.AssertNil(err, fmt.Sprint(err))
+}
+
+func (s *LdpSuite) setupClientVpp() {
+ var clnVclConf Stanza
+ clientContainer := s.GetContainerByName("client-vpp")
+ clientVclFileName := clientContainer.GetHostWorkDir() + "/vcl_cln.conf"
+ clientVpp := clientContainer.VppInstance
+ s.AssertNil(clientVpp.Start())
+
+ clientVeth := s.GetInterfaceByName(ClientInterfaceName)
+ idx, err := clientVpp.createAfPacket(clientVeth)
+ s.AssertNil(err, fmt.Sprint(err))
+ s.AssertNotEqual(0, idx)
+
+ clientAppSocketApi := fmt.Sprintf("app-socket-api %s/var/run/app_ns_sockets/default",
+ clientContainer.GetContainerWorkDir())
+ err = clnVclConf.
+ NewStanza("vcl").
+ Append("rx-fifo-size 4000000").
+ Append("tx-fifo-size 4000000").
+ Append("app-scope-local").
+ Append("app-scope-global").
+ Append("use-mq-eventfd").
+ Append(clientAppSocketApi).Close().
+ SaveToFile(clientVclFileName)
+ s.AssertNil(err, fmt.Sprint(err))
+}
+
+var _ = Describe("LdpSuite", Ordered, ContinueOnFailure, func() {
+ var s LdpSuite
+ BeforeAll(func() {
+ s.SetupSuite()
+ })
+ BeforeEach(func() {
+ s.SetupTest()
+ })
+ AfterAll(func() {
+ s.TearDownSuite()
+
+ })
+ AfterEach(func() {
+ s.TearDownTest()
+ })
+
+ // https://onsi.github.io/ginkgo/#dynamically-generating-specs
+ for filename, tests := range ldpTests {
+ for _, test := range tests {
+ test := test
+ pc := reflect.ValueOf(test).Pointer()
+ funcValue := runtime.FuncForPC(pc)
+ testName := filename + "/" + strings.Split(funcValue.Name(), ".")[2]
+ It(testName, func(ctx SpecContext) {
+ s.Log(testName + ": BEGIN")
+ test(&s)
+ }, SpecTimeout(SuiteTimeout))
+ }
+ }
+})
+
+var _ = Describe("LdpSuiteSolo", Ordered, ContinueOnFailure, Serial, func() {
+ var s LdpSuite
+ BeforeAll(func() {
+ s.SetupSuite()
+ })
+ BeforeEach(func() {
+ s.SetupTest()
+ })
+ AfterAll(func() {
+ s.TearDownSuite()
+ })
+ AfterEach(func() {
+ s.TearDownTest()
+ })
+
+ // https://onsi.github.io/ginkgo/#dynamically-generating-specs
+ for filename, tests := range ldpSoloTests {
+ for _, test := range tests {
+ test := test
+ pc := reflect.ValueOf(test).Pointer()
+ funcValue := runtime.FuncForPC(pc)
+ testName := filename + "/" + strings.Split(funcValue.Name(), ".")[2]
+ It(testName, Label("SOLO"), func(ctx SpecContext) {
+ s.Log(testName + ": BEGIN")
+ test(&s)
+ }, SpecTimeout(SuiteTimeout))
+ }
+ }
+})
diff --git a/extras/hs-test/infra/utils.go b/extras/hs-test/infra/utils.go
index 9dd2dbd73c8..25d8519cb8a 100644
--- a/extras/hs-test/infra/utils.go
+++ b/extras/hs-test/infra/utils.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
package hst
import (
+ "errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"net"
@@ -183,3 +184,133 @@ func (s *HstSuite) CollectEnvoyLogs(containerName string) {
s.Log(fmt.Sprint(err))
}
}
+
+func (s *HstSuite) StartIperfServerApp(running chan error, done chan struct{}, env []string) {
+ cmd := exec.Command("iperf3", "-4", "-s", "-p", s.GetPortFromPpid())
+ if env != nil {
+ cmd.Env = env
+ }
+ s.Log(cmd)
+ err := cmd.Start()
+ if err != nil {
+ msg := fmt.Errorf("failed to start iperf server: %v", err)
+ running <- msg
+ return
+ }
+ running <- nil
+ <-done
+ cmd.Process.Kill()
+}
+
+func (s *HstSuite) StartIperfClientApp(ipAddress string, env []string, clnCh chan error, clnRes chan string) {
+ defer func() {
+ clnCh <- nil
+ }()
+
+ nTries := 0
+
+ for {
+ cmd := exec.Command("iperf3", "-c", ipAddress, "-u", "-l", "1460", "-b", "10g", "-p", s.GetPortFromPpid())
+ if env != nil {
+ cmd.Env = env
+ }
+ s.Log(cmd)
+ o, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+ if err != nil {
+ if nTries > 5 {
+ clnRes <- ""
+ clnCh <- fmt.Errorf("failed to start client app '%s'.\n%s", err, o)
+ return
+ }
+ time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+ nTries++
+ continue
+ } else {
+ clnRes <- fmt.Sprintf("Client output: %s", o)
+ }
+ break
+ }
+}
+
+func (s *HstSuite) StartHttpServer(running chan struct{}, done chan struct{}, addressPort, netNs string) {
+ cmd := newCommand([]string{"./http_server", addressPort, s.Ppid, s.ProcessIndex}, netNs)
+ err := cmd.Start()
+ s.Log(cmd)
+ if err != nil {
+ s.Log("Failed to start http server: " + fmt.Sprint(err))
+ return
+ }
+ running <- struct{}{}
+ <-done
+ cmd.Process.Kill()
+}
+
+func (s *HstSuite) StartWget(finished chan error, server_ip, port, query, netNs string) {
+ defer func() {
+ finished <- errors.New("wget error")
+ }()
+
+ cmd := newCommand([]string{"wget", "--timeout=10", "--no-proxy", "--tries=5", "-O", "/dev/null", server_ip + ":" + port + "/" + query},
+ netNs)
+ s.Log(cmd)
+ o, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+ if err != nil {
+ finished <- fmt.Errorf("wget error: '%v\n\n%s'", err, o)
+ return
+ } else if !strings.Contains(string(o), "200 OK") {
+ finished <- fmt.Errorf("wget error: response not 200 OK")
+ return
+ }
+ finished <- nil
+}
+
+// Start a server app. 'processName' is used to check whether the app started correctly.
+func (s *HstSuite) StartServerApp(c *Container, processName string, cmd string,
+ running chan error, done chan struct{}) {
+
+ s.Log("starting server")
+ c.ExecServer(cmd)
+ cmd2 := exec.Command("docker", "exec", c.Name, "pidof", processName)
+ err := cmd2.Run()
+ if err != nil {
+ msg := fmt.Errorf("failed to start server app: %v", err)
+ running <- msg
+ <-done
+ return
+ }
+ running <- nil
+ <-done
+}
+
+func (s *HstSuite) StartClientApp(c *Container, cmd string,
+ clnCh chan error, clnRes chan string) {
+ defer func() {
+ close(clnCh)
+ close(clnRes)
+ }()
+
+ s.Log("starting client app, please wait")
+
+ nTries := 0
+ for {
+ // exec.Cmd can only be used once, which is why it's in the loop
+ cmd2 := exec.Command("/bin/sh", "-c", "docker exec "+c.getEnvVarsAsCliOption()+" "+
+ c.Name+" "+cmd)
+ s.Log(cmd2)
+ o, err := cmd2.CombinedOutput()
+ if err != nil {
+ s.Log(err)
+ if nTries > 5 {
+ clnRes <- ""
+ clnCh <- fmt.Errorf("failed to start client app '%s'", err)
+ s.AssertNil(err, fmt.Sprint(err))
+ break
+ }
+ time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+ nTries++
+ } else {
+ clnRes <- fmt.Sprintf("Client output: %s", o)
+ break
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/extras/hs-test/ldp_test.go b/extras/hs-test/ldp_test.go
index e9e8bba9274..03636b11191 100644
--- a/extras/hs-test/ldp_test.go
+++ b/extras/hs-test/ldp_test.go
@@ -2,86 +2,42 @@ package main
import (
"fmt"
- "os"
. "fd.io/hs-test/infra"
. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
)
func init() {
- RegisterVethTests(LDPreloadIperfVppTest, LDPreloadIperfVppInterruptModeTest)
+ RegisterLdpTests(LDPreloadIperfVppTest, LDPreloadIperfVppInterruptModeTest, RedisBenchmarkTest)
}
-func LDPreloadIperfVppInterruptModeTest(s *VethsSuite) {
+func LDPreloadIperfVppInterruptModeTest(s *LdpSuite) {
LDPreloadIperfVppTest(s)
}
-func LDPreloadIperfVppTest(s *VethsSuite) {
- var clnVclConf, srvVclConf Stanza
- var ldpreload string
-
- serverContainer := s.GetContainerByName("server-vpp")
- serverVclFileName := serverContainer.GetHostWorkDir() + "/vcl_srv.conf"
-
+func LDPreloadIperfVppTest(s *LdpSuite) {
clientContainer := s.GetContainerByName("client-vpp")
- clientVclFileName := clientContainer.GetHostWorkDir() + "/vcl_cln.conf"
-
- if *IsDebugBuild {
- ldpreload = "LD_PRELOAD=../../build-root/build-vpp_debug-native/vpp/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvcl_ldpreload.so"
- } else {
- ldpreload = "LD_PRELOAD=../../build-root/build-vpp-native/vpp/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvcl_ldpreload.so"
- }
+ serverContainer := s.GetContainerByName("server-vpp")
stopServerCh := make(chan struct{}, 1)
srvCh := make(chan error, 1)
clnCh := make(chan error)
+ clnRes := make(chan string, 1)
- s.Log("starting VPPs")
-
- clientAppSocketApi := fmt.Sprintf("app-socket-api %s/var/run/app_ns_sockets/default",
- clientContainer.GetHostWorkDir())
- err := clnVclConf.
- NewStanza("vcl").
- Append("rx-fifo-size 4000000").
- Append("tx-fifo-size 4000000").
- Append("app-scope-local").
- Append("app-scope-global").
- Append("use-mq-eventfd").
- Append(clientAppSocketApi).Close().
- SaveToFile(clientVclFileName)
- s.AssertNil(err, fmt.Sprint(err))
-
- serverAppSocketApi := fmt.Sprintf("app-socket-api %s/var/run/app_ns_sockets/default",
- serverContainer.GetHostWorkDir())
- err = srvVclConf.
- NewStanza("vcl").
- Append("rx-fifo-size 4000000").
- Append("tx-fifo-size 4000000").
- Append("app-scope-local").
- Append("app-scope-global").
- Append("use-mq-eventfd").
- Append(serverAppSocketApi).Close().
- SaveToFile(serverVclFileName)
- s.AssertNil(err, fmt.Sprint(err))
-
- s.Log("attaching server to vpp")
-
- srvEnv := append(os.Environ(), ldpreload, "VCL_CONFIG="+serverVclFileName)
go func() {
defer GinkgoRecover()
- s.StartServerApp(srvCh, stopServerCh, srvEnv)
+ cmd := "iperf3 -4 -s -p " + s.GetPortFromPpid()
+ s.StartServerApp(serverContainer, "iperf3", cmd, srvCh, stopServerCh)
}()
- err = <-srvCh
+ err := <-srvCh
s.AssertNil(err, fmt.Sprint(err))
- s.Log("attaching client to vpp")
- var clnRes = make(chan string, 1)
- clnEnv := append(os.Environ(), ldpreload, "VCL_CONFIG="+clientVclFileName)
serverVethAddress := s.GetInterfaceByName(ServerInterfaceName).Ip4AddressString()
go func() {
defer GinkgoRecover()
- s.StartClientApp(serverVethAddress, clnEnv, clnCh, clnRes)
+ cmd := "iperf3 -c " + serverVethAddress + " -u -l 1460 -b 10g -p " + s.GetPortFromPpid()
+ s.StartClientApp(clientContainer, cmd, clnCh, clnRes)
}()
s.Log(<-clnRes)
@@ -92,3 +48,43 @@ func LDPreloadIperfVppTest(s *VethsSuite) {
// stop server
stopServerCh <- struct{}{}
}
+
+func RedisBenchmarkTest(s *LdpSuite) {
+ s.SkipIfMultiWorker()
+
+ serverContainer := s.GetContainerByName("server-vpp")
+ clientContainer := s.GetContainerByName("client-vpp")
+
+ serverVethAddress := s.GetInterfaceByName(ServerInterfaceName).Ip4AddressString()
+ runningSrv := make(chan error)
+ doneSrv := make(chan struct{})
+ clnCh := make(chan error)
+ clnRes := make(chan string, 1)
+
+ go func() {
+ defer GinkgoRecover()
+ cmd := "redis-server --daemonize yes --protected-mode no --bind " + serverVethAddress
+ s.StartServerApp(serverContainer, "redis-server", cmd, runningSrv, doneSrv)
+ }()
+
+ err := <-runningSrv
+ s.AssertNil(err)
+
+ go func() {
+ defer GinkgoRecover()
+ var cmd string
+ if *NConfiguredCpus == 1 {
+ cmd = "redis-benchmark --threads 1 -h " + serverVethAddress
+ } else {
+ cmd = "redis-benchmark --threads " + fmt.Sprint(*NConfiguredCpus) + "-h " + serverVethAddress
+ }
+ s.StartClientApp(clientContainer, cmd, clnCh, clnRes)
+ }()
+
+ s.Log(<-clnRes)
+ // wait for client's result
+ err = <-clnCh
+ s.AssertNil(err, fmt.Sprint(err))
+ // stop server
+ doneSrv <- struct{}{}
+}
diff --git a/extras/hs-test/linux_iperf_test.go b/extras/hs-test/linux_iperf_test.go
index f49d9bcf227..9342e862f04 100644
--- a/extras/hs-test/linux_iperf_test.go
+++ b/extras/hs-test/linux_iperf_test.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func LinuxIperfTest(s *TapSuite) {
go func() {
defer GinkgoRecover()
- s.StartServerApp(srvCh, stopServerCh, nil)
+ s.StartIperfServerApp(srvCh, stopServerCh, nil)
}()
err := <-srvCh
s.AssertNil(err, fmt.Sprint(err))
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func LinuxIperfTest(s *TapSuite) {
ipAddress := s.GetInterfaceByName(TapInterfaceName).Ip4AddressString()
go func() {
defer GinkgoRecover()
- s.StartClientApp(ipAddress, nil, clnCh, clnRes)
+ s.StartIperfClientApp(ipAddress, nil, clnCh, clnRes)
}()
s.Log("client running")
s.Log(<-clnRes)
diff --git a/extras/hs-test/topo-containers/2peerVethLdp.yaml b/extras/hs-test/topo-containers/2peerVethLdp.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bd6e63a945d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extras/hs-test/topo-containers/2peerVethLdp.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+volumes:
+ - volume: &server-vol
+ host-dir: "$HST_VOLUME_DIR/server-share"
+ container-dir: "/tmp/server-share"
+ is-default-work-dir: true
+ - volume: &client-vol
+ host-dir: "$HST_VOLUME_DIR/client-share"
+ container-dir: "/tmp/client-share"
+ is-default-work-dir: true
+
+containers:
+ - name: "server-vpp"
+ volumes:
+ - <<: *server-vol
+ - name: "client-vpp"
+ volumes:
+ - <<: *client-vol